PURPOSE OF

EDUCATIONAL
RESEARCH & TYPES
OF RESEARCH DESIGN
Research

▪ is the formal, systematic application of the scientific method to the study of

problems (Mills & Gay, 2019)
▪ is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our
understanding of a topic or issue (Creswell, 2012)
▪ is a structured and methodical process of inquiry that involves collecting,
analyzing, and interpreting data to answer questions or solve problems. It
contributes to the expansion of knowledge and the advancement of various fields
(Smith, 2020)
▪ Is the systematic investigation and exploration of topics, driven by curiosity and
the desire to uncover new insights. It entails the application of rigorous
methodologies to gather and evaluate information, ultimately contributing to the
accumulation of intellectual capital (Johnson, 2018)
Research & Educational Research

▪Research
➢ Systematic and organized process of investigating and studying various
topics, issues, or phenomena to gain new knowledge, insights, or solutions
➢encompass a wide range of fields, including science, technology, social
sciences, humanities, and more
➢involves the application of methodologies to gather data, analyze findings,
and draw conclusions.
 Research & Educational Research

▪Educational Research:

➢a subset of research that specifically concentrates on topics related to education, teaching,

learning, and educational systems
➢It is concerned with studying the effectiveness of educational methods, curriculum
development, instructional strategies, assessment techniques, learning outcomes, and
educational policies.
➢aims to enhance the quality of education by providing evidence-based insights and
recommendations to improve educational practices and systems.
Purpose of Educational Research
▪ Informing Educational Practice
▪ Improving Student Learning
▪ Assessing Educational Programs
▪ Identifying Challenges and Solutions
▪ Policy Development
▪ Understanding Student Behavior and Development:
▪ Professional Development:
▪ Promoting Equity and Inclusion:
▪ Addressing Special Needs
▪ Advancing Educational Theory
▪ Providing Accountability
▪ Continuous Improvement
Types of Educational Research Designs

▪Descriptive Research Design

Purpose: To describe and document characteristics, behaviors, or phenomena
within an educational context.
Methods: Surveys, observations, case studies, content analysis, and interviews.
Example: Describing the study habits of high school students.
 Types of Educational Research Designs

▪Experimental Research Design:

Purpose: To establish cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables.
Methods: Controlled experiments with random assignment to treatment and
control groups.
Example: Testing the effectiveness of a new teaching method on student
learning outcomes.
 Types of Educational Research Designs

▪Quasi-Experimental Research Design

Purpose: To investigate cause-and-effect relationships when full randomization
is impractical.
Methods: Similar to experimental design but without full randomization.
Example: Studying the impact of a new curriculum in two different schools.
 Types of Educational Research Designs

▪Correlational Research Design

Purpose: To examine the relationships between variables without manipulating

them.
Methods: Surveys and statistical analyses.
Example: Investigating the relationship between student attendance and academic
performance.
 Types of Educational Research Designs

▪Longitudinal Research Design:

▪Purpose: To study individuals or groups over an extended period to track

changes or developments.
▪Methods: Repeated data collection over time.
▪Example: Tracking the academic progress of a cohort of students from
kindergarten through high school.
 Types of Educational Research Designs

▪Cross-Sectional Research Design:

▪Purpose: To gather data from multiple groups or individuals at a single point in

time.
▪Methods: Surveys, assessments, and comparisons.
▪Example: Comparing math performance among students from different grades
in a single year.
 Types of Educational Research Designs

▪Case Study Research Design:

▪Purpose: To deeply investigate a particular person, group, or institution within

an educational context.
▪Methods: In-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis.
▪Example: Exploring the experiences of a specific student with learning
disabilities.
 Types of Educational Research Designs

▪Action Research Design:

▪Purpose: To address specific educational problems or challenges through

collaborative research and practice.
▪Methods: Data collection and reflection in the context of the problem.
▪Example: Teachers researching and implementing new classroom strategies to
improve student engagement
 Types of Educational Research Designs

▪Ethnographic Research Design:

▪Purpose: To understand the culture, practices, and social interactions within an

educational setting.
▪Methods: Participant observation, interviews, and fieldwork.
▪Example: Immersing in a school community to study its unique educational
culture.
 Types of Educational Research Designs

▪Mixed-Methods Research Design:

▪Purpose: To combine quantitative and qualitative methods for a comprehensive

understanding of educational phenomena.
▪Methods: Surveys, experiments, interviews, and observations.
▪Example: Investigating the impact of a new technology in the classroom using
both surveys and classroom observations.
“It is our attitude at the beginning of a difficult
task which, more than anything else, will affect
its successful outcome.”

—William James