Antimicrobial Mode of Action/ Clinical Use Activity Cidal/static Time/Conc Adverse Reactions

Beta Lactam Interfere bacterial cell wall development → bacteria lyse due G+ Cidal Time
-Penicillin to osmotic imbalance & Inhibit bacterial enzymes G --
-Cephalosporins
Narrow Penicillin Natural : Peni G  +ve Anaerobic, Strepto (X PO) Peni V  PO (stable in acid) Mild allergy reactions
Peni stable : Oxa/Cloxa,Dichloxacillin Staph Colitis
Broad Penicillin Ampi,Amoxi,Hetacillin
Amoxi  -ve aerobes ( E.coli, Proteus, Hemophillus) & G+ve
Carbeni  Pseudomonas
Azlo,Mezlo,Pipera  G+ (Psedumonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella)
Potentiated Penicillin Clavulanic acid +Amoxi
Sulbactam + Ampi
1st Cephalosporin Cephalexin/pirin/lothin , Cefadroxil  G+ aerobes Nephrotoxicity
2nd Cephalosporin Cefaclor, Cefoxitin  Broader than 1st , Some G- (x common in DVM) Hypersensitivity
Allergic reactions
3rd Cephalosporin Cetriofur,Moxalactam  G- aerobes
Fluoroquinolones Inhibition of DNA replication G- Aerob Cidal Conc Vomit, Diarrhoea, Skin rash,
-Enrofloxacin Dermal, Respiratory, UTI Staph erosion of articular cartilage,
-Ciprofloxacin X use in retinal damage in cats
Anaerobes
Tetracycline Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30s ribosome G+ Protozoa Static Time Nephrotoxic ( x doxy)
Rickettsia Bones & teeth (Young)
Tetra,Chlortetra,Oxytetra chlamiydial,rickettsia, protozoa Spirochetes -discoloration teeth, impaired
Doxy,Tetra RTI, UTI, Lyme disease, Brucella, Chlamydia bone formation
Haemobartonella, Mycoplasma Mycoplasma GIT Infections | Disrupt
ruminal NF/Colonic microflora
Macrolides Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50s ribosomes G+ Static Time Erythro, Tylo : GIT upset, pain,
-Erythromycin Erythro  G+,enteritis by Campylobacter jejuni, Peni substitute Mycoplasma irritation at site IM,
-Tylosin Tylosin  local & systemic infections by mycoplasma, G+, Tilo : local tissue rxn, odema
-Tilmicosin some G-( Haemophillus, Pasteurella) – Cattle,Sheep,Swine SC
Chronic colitis –Dogs & Cats
Tilo  Resp disease by Pasteurella
Lincosamides Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50s ribosomes G+ Static Time Severe diarrhea –horses,
-Lincomycin Linco  Swine dysentery & Stap, Strep, Mycoplasma infections Mycoplasma rabbits, hamsters, Guinea pigs
-Clindamycin Clinda  Periodontal disease, osteomyelitis, dermatitis, deep Toxoplasma
soft tissue infections by G+ , toxoplasmosis –Cats & Dogs
Resp disease by Pasteurella –Cattle