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Level-I
Chapter 8
Redox Reactions
Solutions (Set-1)
Very Short Answer Type Questions :

1. What is the maximum and minimum oxidation state shown by Cr metal?
Sol. Minimum oxidation states for Cr metal is zero.
Maximum oxidation state = Number of valence electron
= +6
Ether
2. K2Cr2O7(aq) + 4H2O2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) ⎯⎯⎯→ K2SO4(aq) + 2CrO5(ether) + 5H2O(l)
Is this a redox reaction? Comment.

+1 +6 +1 +6 –1
Sol. K2Cr2O7 + 4H2O–1
2 + H2 SO4 K2SO4 + 2CrO5 + 5H2O–2
It is not a redox reaction because there is no change in oxidation numbers of any element.
3. Iron reacts with dilute H2SO4 to evolve H2 gas but Ag does not. Why?
Sol. Fe has lower electrode potential than that of hydrogen, therefore, Fe is a better reducing agent than H2 and
hence reduces H+ ions to produce H2 gas.
Fe + 2H+ ⎯→ Fe+2 + H2↑
In comparison E°red (Ag+/Ag) is greater than hydrogen hence it cannot reduce H+ ions.
4. Give an example of a compound in which the oxidation number is fractional.
8
Sol. Fe3O4 the oxidation number of Fe in the compound is + .
3
Let the oxidation number of Fe is x,
Now,
3x + (–2 + 4) = 0
3x = 8
8
x=
3
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106 Redox Reactions Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)
5. Identify the oxidants and reductants in the following reactions.

I2(aq) + 2S2O3–2(aq) ⎯→ 2I–(aq) + S4O6–2(aq)
Reduction
0 +4 +2.5
Sol. I2 + 2S2O–2
3 2I– + S4O–2
6
Oxidising Reducing
agent agent
Oxidation
6. What is the oxidation state of sodium in sodium amalgam (Na-Hg)?

Sol. Sodium amalgam is simply a homogeneous mixture of the two metals and no chemical reaction has taken
place. Both the metals are in elemental state and their oxidation states are zero.
7. Calculate the average oxidation number of ‘C’ in CH3COOH compound.
Sol. CH3COOH or C2H4O2
2x + 4 – 2 × 2 = 0
2x = 0
x=0
Here oxidation number of ‘C’ in CH3COOH compound is zero.
8. Write down the respective half equations for the given reaction
4NH3 + 5O2 ⎯→ 4NO + 6H2O
–3 +2
Sol. NH3 NO Oxidation half reaction.
0
O2 H2O–2 Reduction half reaction.
9. Define cathode and anode.
Sol. Cathode : The electrode where reduction takes place is called cathode.
Anode : The electrode where oxidation takes place is called anode.
10. What is meant by electrochemical series?
Sol. If the elements are arranged in increasing order of their reducing strengths to form a series that is known as
electrochemical series.
Short Answer Type Questions :
11. Give important functions of salt bridge.
Sol. (i) A salt bridge completes the inner cell circuit.
(ii) A salt bridge prevents the transfer of electrolyte from one half cell to the other.
(iii) A salt bridge maintains the electrical neutrality of the electrolytes in the two half cells.
12. Explain the following redox reactions with one example in each case
(i) Combination reaction
(ii) Decomposition reaction
Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) Redox Reactions 107
Sol. (i) Combination reaction : A reaction in which two atoms or molecules combine together to form a third
molecule is called a combination reaction. For example,
0 0 +4
C + O2 CO–2
2
(ii) Decomposition reaction : A reaction in which a molecule breaks down to form two or more components
is called a decomposition reaction. For example,
+1 +5 –2 +1 –1 0
KClO3 2KCl + 3O2
13. How can you say that the formation of sodium chloride from gaseous sodium and gaseous chlorine is a redox
reaction?
Sol. Na(g) ⎯→ Na+(g) + e–] × 2 Oxidation
Cl2(g) + 2e– ⎯→ 2Cl–(g) Reduction
2Na(g) + Cl2(g) ⎯→ 2Na+Cl–(s)

14. Identify the redox reaction
Δ
(i) Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) ⎯⎯ → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
(ii) CaCO3(s) ⎯→ CaO(s) + CO2(g)
Reduction
+3 +2 0 +4
Sol. (i) Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2
Oxidation
Hence, it is a redox reaction.

+2 +4 +2 +4
(ii) CaCO3(s) CaO(s) + CO2(g)
There is no change in oxidation state of Ca, C and O. So, it is not a redox reaction.
15. What is the range of oxidation state for nitrogen? Give example in each case.
Sol. Maximum oxidation number = +5
Minimum oxidation number = –3
Oxidation state range is –3 to +5. For example,
–3 NH3
–2 N2H4
–1 NH2OH
0 N2
+1 N2O
+2 NO
+3 N2O3
+4 N2O4
+5 HNO3
16. Draw the structure of H2SO5, CrO5 and NO3– and also mention the oxidation state of each atom.
Sol. H2SO5
O–2
+1 –2 –1 –1 +1
H O S+6 O O H
O–2
CrO5
O–2
–1
O O–1
+6
Cr
–1
O O–1
NO3–
+5
O–2
–
O N
O–2
17. Why nitric acid acts as an oxidising agent only but nitrous acid can act as an oxidising as well as reducing
agent?
Sol. In nitric acid, N is in maximum oxidation state (+5), therefore, it can only decrease by accepting electrons.
Hence, HNO3 acts only as an oxidising agent.
Nitrous acid (HNO2) : Oxidation number of N is = +3
Maximum oxidation state of N = +5
Minimum oxidation state of N = –3
Thus, the oxidation number of N can either increase by losing electrons or can decrease its O.S. by accepting
electrons. Therefore, HNO2 acts both as an oxidising as well as a reducing agent.
18. What is the oxidation number of the underlined element in each of the following species?
(i) KI 3
(ii) CH3CH2OH
(iii) NaHSO4
(iv) KAl(SO4)2 ⋅12H2O
Sol. (i) KI3
+1 + 3x = 0
1
x=−
3
(ii) CH3CH2OH or C2H6O
2x + 1 × 6 – 2 = 0
2x = –4
x = –2
(iii) NaHSO4
+1 + 1 + x – 2 × 4 = 0
x = +6
(iv) KAl(SO4)2 ⋅12H2O
+1 + 3 + 2x – 2 × 8 + 12 × 0 = 0
2x – 12 = 0
x = +6
19. Find out the oxidation number of Cl in HCl, HClO, HClO3, ClO4–, Cl2, ClO2.
Sol. HCl :
+1 +x = 0
x = –1
HClO :
+1 + x – 2 = 0
x = +1
HClO3 :
+1 + x – 2 × 3 = 0
x = +5
ClO4– :
x – 2 × 4 = –1
x – 8 = –1
x = +7
Cl2 :
x=0
ClO2 :
x–2×2=0
x = +4
20. Write half equations for each of the following redox reaction :
(i) Zn(s) + PbCl2(aq) ⎯→ Pb(s) + ZnCl2(aq)
(ii) 2Fe+3(aq) + 2I–(aq) ⎯→ I2(aq) + 2Fe+2(aq)
Reduction
+2 0 +2
Sol. (i) Zn + PbCl2 Pb + ZnCl2
Oxidation
0 +2
Zn ZnCl2; Oxidation half
+2 0
PbCl2 Pb; Reduction half
Oxidation
0
(ii) 2Fe+3 + 2I– I2 + 2Fe+2
Reduction
2Fe+3 2Fe+2; Reduction half

2I– I2; Oxidation half
21. Consider the following reactions and write the anodic and cathodic reactions for the galvanic cell.
(i) 2Fe+3(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) ⎯→ 2Fe+2(aq) + Cl2(g)
(ii) 2Cr(s) + 3Cu+2 ⎯→ 3Cu(s) + 2Cr+3
Sol. (i) At cathode
2e– + 2Fe+3 2Fe+2
At anode
2Cl– Cl2 + 2e–
(ii) At cathode
[2e– + Cu+2 Cu(s)] × 3
At anode
[Cr(s) Cr+3 + 3e–] × 2
22. Balance the following ionic reaction with the help of oxidation number method.
−
OH
MnO4− + I− ⎯⎯⎯ → MnO2 + IO3−
O.N. increases by 6 units
+7 +4 +5
Sol. MnO–4 + I– MnO2 + IO–3
O.N. decreases by 3 units
Balancing charge
2MnO4– + I– 2MnO2 + IO3– + H2O
Balancing ‘H’ and ‘O’
2MnO4– + I– + H2O 2MnO2 + IO3– + 2OH–
23. Find out the oxidation number of sulphur in
(i) S2O3–2 (ii) S2O4–2 (iii) S2O8–2
Sol. (i) S2O3–2
2x – 2 × 3 = –2
2x = 4
⇒ x = +2
(ii) S2O4–2
2x – 2 × 4 = –2
2x = 6
x = +3
(iii) S2O8–2
2x – 2 × 8 = –2
2x = 14
x = +7, but it is not possible
O–2 O–2
–1 –1
–
O S+6 O O S+6 O–
O–2 O–2
Here two ‘O’ atoms are in peroxide linkage. So, oxidation state of ‘S’ atom is +6.
24. Balance the following equation in basic medium by half reaction method.
AsO3–3 + MnO4– ⎯→ AsO4–3 + Mn2O3
Sol. AsO–3 –
3 + MnO4 AsO–3
4 + Mn2 O3
Balancing charge
+3 +7 +5 +3
AsO–3 –
3 + MnO4 AsO–3
4 + Mn2O3
+3 +5
AsO–3
3 AsO–3
4 + 2e
–

+3
AsO–3
3 + 2OH
–
AsO–3 –
4 + 2e + H2O ...(i)] × 4
Balancing charge and ‘O’

+7 +3
2MnO–4 + 8e– Mn2O3 + 5H2O
2MnO4– + 8e– + 5H2O Mn2O3 + 10OH– ...(ii)

Adding (i) and (ii),
4AsO3–3 + 2MnO4– + H2O 4AsO4–3 + Mn2O3 + 2OH–
25. How many grams of K2Cr2O7 are required to oxidise 15.2 g of FeSO4 in acidic medium?
Sol. K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + Cr2(SO4)3
Cr2O7–2 + Fe+2 Fe+3 + Cr+3
Balance the ionic reaction
+6
Cr2O7–2 + Fe +2 Fe+3 + Cr+3
O.N. increases
by 1 unit
+6
Cr2O–2
7 + Fe
+2
Fe+3 + 2Cr+3
O.N. decreases by 3 × 2 = 6 units
14H+ + Cr2O–2
7 + 6Fe
+2
6Fe+3 + 2Cr+3 + 7H2O
Now,
14H+ + K2Cr2O7– + 6FeSO4 6Fe+3 + 2Cr+3 + 7H2O
1 mole 6 mole 6 mole
39 × 2 + 2 + 52 + 16 × 7 (56 + 32 + 64) × 6 g
= 294 g = 152 × 6 g
152 × 6 g FeSO4 required 294 g K2Cr2O7
294 15.2
∴ 15.2 g FeSO4 required = × = 4.9 g
152 × 6 10
26. Define metal displacement reaction and non-metal displacement reaction. Give two example of each type.
Sol. Metal displacement reaction :
If a metal in the compound is displaced by some other metal in the element state is called metal displacement
reaction. For example
Cr2O3 + 2Al ⎯→ 2Cr + Al2O3
V2O5 + 5Ca ⎯→ 2V + 5CaO
Non-metal displacement reaction :
If a metal or a non-metal displaces another non-metal from its compound is called non-metal displacement
reaction. For example
2Na + 2H2O ⎯→ 2NaOH + H2
Cl2 + 2KBr ⎯→ 2KCl + Br2
27. How sulphur shows disproportionation reaction? Give an example.
Oxidation
0
Sol. S8 S–2 + S2O2–
3
Reduction
S8 + OH– ⎯→ S–2 + S2O32–

28. In passing chlorine gas through a concentrated solution of alkali, we get chloride and chlorate ions. Obtain a
balanced chemical equation for this reaction and also identify the type of reaction.
0 +5
–
Sol. Cl2 + OH Cl– + ClO–3 + H2O
Reduction
Oxidation
It is a disproportionation reaction.
Balancing charge
Cl2 + 2e 2Cl–
0 +5
12OH– + Cl2 2ClO–3 + 10e – + 6H2O
Cl2 + 2e– 2Cl–] × 5
Cl2 + 12OH– 2ClO3– + 10e– + 6H2O
6Cl2 + 12OH– 10Cl– + 2ClO3– + 6H2O

or
3Cl2 + 6OH– 5Cl– + ClO3– + 3H2O
29. Define oxidation in terms of classical concept with suitable example.
Sol. Oxidation
(i) Addition of oxygen
1
Zn + O ⎯→ ZnO
2 2
(ii) Removal of hydrogen
H2S ⎯→ S
(iii) Addition of electronegative element
Mg + Cl2 ⎯→ MgCl2
(iv) Removal of electronegative element
KI ⎯→ I2
30. Identify the species undergoing oxidation and reduction.
(i) CH4 + 2O2 ⎯→ CO2 + 2H2O
(ii) 2H2S + O2 ⎯→ 2S + 2H2O
(iii) CH2 = CH2 + H2 ⎯→ CH3 – CH3
Δ
(iv) 2HgO ⎯⎯ → 2Hg + O2
Reduction
–4 0 +4 –2
Sol. (i) CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Oxidation
Reduction
0 0
(ii) 2H2S–2 + O2 2S + 2H2O–2
Oxidation
Oxidation
–2 0 –3 +1
(iii) CH2 = CH2 + H2 CH3 – CH3
Reduction
Oxidation
+2 –2 0 0
(iv) 2HgO 2Hg + O2
Reduction
Long Answer Type Questions :

31. Explain the term
(i) Oxidation
(ii) Reduction
(iii) Oxidising agent
(iv) Reducing agent in terms of electronic concept
Give two examples in each case.
Sol. Let us consider a redox reaction :
Reduction
2Na + Cl2 2NaCl
Oxidation
According to chemical bonding, here NaCl is an ionic compound. Hence, the above reaction we can write as
–
Gain of 2e
+ –
2Na + Cl2 2Na + 2Cl
–
Loss of 2e
Here the above processes can be considered in two separate steps, one involving the loss of electrons and
the other, the gain of electrons.
2Na ⎯→ 2Na+ (loss of e–)
Cl2 ⎯→ 2Cl– (gain of e–)
Each of the above steps is called a half reaction. Sum of the half reactions gives the overall redox reaction.
From the above reaction it is clear that “Half reactions that involve loss of electrons are called oxidation
reactions”.
Similarly, “the half reactions that involve gain of electrons are called reduction reactions”.
For example :
Reduction
+ –2
4Na + O2 2Na2O
(Reducing (Oxidising
agent) agent)
Oxidation
According to electronic concept, “oxidising agent is a substance which can accept one or more electrons”.
And “the reducing agent is a substance which can give one or more electrons”.
32. Define oxidation number. Write the general rules of assigning oxidation numbers to various atoms in ions and
molecules.
Sol. “The oxidation number is defined as the charge which an atom of the element has in its ion or appears
to have when present in the combined state with other atoms. Oxidation numbers are also called
oxidation states”.
Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers
The oxidation number of an atom in a molecule or ions can be calculated with the help of the following rules:
1. The oxidation number of an element in its elementary form is zero. For example, H2, O2, N2, Cl2, P4,
Na, Mg, Fe etc., have zero oxidation number.
2. In a single monoatomic ion, the oxidation number of the atom is the same as the charge on the ion. For
example, oxidation number of Na in Na+ ion is +1 while that of O in O–2 ion is –2.
3. In compounds with non-metals, the oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 (e.g., HCl, H2S, H2O etc). But
in metal hydrides (metal atom is more electropositive) the oxidation number of hydrogen is –1 (e.g., LiH,
NaH, CaH2, MgH2 etc).
4. The oxidation number of oxygen is –2 in most of its compounds, except in peroxides like H2O2, BaO2
etc. where it is –1. Other interesting exceptions are found in the compounds : OF2 (oxygen difluoride)
and O2F2 (dioxygen difluoride) where the oxidation number of oxygen are +2 and +1 respectively. This
is due to the fact that fluorine being the most electronegative element known has always an oxidation
number of –1.
5. In compounds of metals and non-metals, the metal atoms have positive oxidation number while the non-
metal atoms have negative oxidation number. For example, in MgCl2 the oxidation number of Mg is +2
while that of Cl is –1.
6. In compounds involving the combination of two non-metallic atoms, the atom with higher electronegativity
is assigned negative oxidation number while the other atom is given positive oxidation number.
For example, in HCl oxidation number of Cl is –1 while that of hydrogen is +1. Similarly, in NH3, the
oxidation number of N is –3 while that of H is +1. However, in NCl3, the oxidation number of N is +3
and that of Cl is –1. Since, chlorine is more electronegative in this case.
7. In neutral compounds, the sum of the oxidation number of all the atoms in the ion is equal to zero.
8. In complex ions or polyatomic ions, the sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in the ion is equal
to the charge on the ion.
For example, the sum of the oxidation numbers of all the four oxygen atoms and one sulphur atom in
the sulphate ion SO4–2 ion is –2.
33. Explain the term
(i) Oxidation potential
(ii) Reduction potential
(iii) Oxidising agent in terms of electrode potential
(iv) Reducing agent in terms of electrode potential
Give suitable examples.
Sol. Oxidation and Reduction in Terms of Oxidation Number
Based upon the concept of oxidation number “oxidation is a chemical change in which there is an increase
in oxidation number”.
On the other hand, reduction is a chemical change in which there is a decrease in the oxidation number. For
example :
The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
0 +1 –1 +2 –1 0
Zn + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2 + H2
Here, the oxidation number of zinc (Zn) increases from 0 to +2 indicating that zinc metal is undergoing oxidation
and on the other hand, oxidation number of H decreases from +1 to 0 that indicates hydrogen ion is undergoing
reduction.
Reduction
0 +1 –2 0
Zn + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2 + H2
Oxidation
Similarly, oxidising and reducing agents can be defined as follow :
Oxidising agent is a substance which increases the oxidation number of other substance in a chemical
reaction or the oxidation number of oxidising agent decreases.
Reducing agent is a substance which decreases the oxidation number of other substances in a chemical
reaction or the oxidation number of reducing agent increases.
For example :
+4 0 0 +3
3MnO 2 + 4Al 3Mn + 2Al2O3
Here, MNO2 is reduced and Al is oxidised. Thus, Al acts as a reducing agent and MnO2 acts as an oxidising
agent.
34. Balance the equation by ion electron method
(i) P4 + OH– ⎯→ PH3 + H2PO2–
(ii) I2 + NO3– ⎯→ IO3– + NO2 (acidic medium)
Sol. (i) P4 + OH– PH3 + H2PO2–
Reduction half
0 –3
P4 + 12e– 4PH3
Oxidation half
0 +1
P4 4H 2PO–2 + 4e–
0
P4 + 12H2O + 12e– 4PH3 + 12OH–
0
P4 + 8H2O + 8OH– 4H2PO2– + 4e– + 8H2O] × 3
0
P4 + 12H2O + 12e– 4PH3 + 12OH–
0
3P4 + 24H2O + 24OH– 12H2PO2– + 12e– + 24H2O
4P4 + 12H2O + 12OH– 4PH3 + 12H2PO2–

or
P4 + 3H2O + 3OH– PH3 + 3H2PO2–
(ii) I2 + NO3– IO3– + NO2
Oxidation half
0 +5
I2 2IO–3
Reduction half
+5 +4
NO–3 NO 2
0 +5
6H2O + I2 2IO–3 + 10e– + 12H+
+5 +4
2H+ + NO–3 + e– NO2 + H2O] × 10
I2 + 6H2O 2IO3– + 10e– + 12H+
10NO3– + 20H+ + 10e– 10NO2 + 10H2O
I2 + 10NO3– + 8H+ 2IO3– + 10NO2 + 4H2O
35. Explain the redox titration by using
(i) Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
(ii) Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
Sol. (i) Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) :
It is a versatile and strong oxidising agent used in estimation of many reducing agents such as Fe+2 ions,
oxalates ions etc. In these titrations, no indicator is used because KMnO4 is itself intensely coloured.
So, KMnO4 acts as a self indicator and when it is titrated against a reducing agent its colour disappears.
As soon as the reducing agent has been used up, the additional single drop of potassium permanganate
gives a tinge of pink colour to the solution. For example, pink colour appears as MnO4– concentration
as low as 10–6 mol L–1. This ensures a minimal ‘overshoot’ in the colour beyond the equivalence point
i.e., the point where the reductant and oxidant are equal in terms of their stoichiometry.
The reaction for titration of MnO4– against Fe+2 ions is
MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– ⎯→ Mn+2 + 4H2O
[Fe+2 ⎯→ Fe+3 + e–] × 5
MnO4– + 5Fe+2 + 8H+ ⎯→ Mn+2 + 5Fe+3 + 4H2O
(ii) Acidified Potassium Dichromate :
K2Cr2O7 is also used as an oxidising agent in redox titrations. It is relatively weak oxidising agent as
compared to KMnO4. However, unlike KMnO4, it does not act as a self indicator because no dramatic
auto-colour change occurs in these titrations. In these titrations, indicators such as diphenylamine,
potassium ferricyanide K3[Fe(CN)6] are commonly used. For example, K2Cr2O7 oxidises the indicator just
after the equivalence point to give intense blue colour indicating the end point. The chemical equation
showing Cr2O7–2 as an oxidising agent is
Cr2O7–2 + 14H+ + 6e– ⎯→ 2Cr+3 + 7H2O
36. Explain the iodometric titration with the help of sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) solution.
Sol. Iodine (I2) :
It also acts as a mild oxidising agent in solution according to the reaction.
I2 + 2e– ⎯→ 2I–
Iodine can be used for titrating strong reducing agents like sodium thiosulphate according to the reaction.
I2(aq) + S2O3–2(aq) ⎯→ 2I–(aq) + S4O6–2(aq)
These titration in which iodine is directly titrated against a reducing agent are called iodimetric titrations.
These is another method in which iodine is liberated from potassium iodide by some oxidising agent and
liberated iodine is titrated against standard sodium thiosulphate solution.
These titrations in which liberated iodine from an oxidising agent is titrated against a standard solution of sodium
thiosulphate are called iodometric titration. For example :
Cu+2 ion concentration is estimated by oxidising I– ions (from KI) to liberate I2, which is titrated against
Na2S2O3.
2Cu+2(aq) + 4I–(aq) ⎯→ Cu2I2(s) + I2(aq)
2Na2S2O3 + I2 ⎯→ 2NaI + Na2S4O6
In these iodometric titrations, end point can be detected by adding freshly prepared starch solution. It reacts
with iodine to form intensely blue-coloured complex. Appearance or disappearance of iodine can be identified
very sharply by this method.
37. Draw the Daniell cell with Cu and Zn redox couple.
Sol. Current flow

Electron flow Switch
Anode Cathode
Salt
bridge
Oxidation Reduction
Zn ⎯→ Zn2+ + 2e– Cu2+ + 2e– ⎯→ Cu
38. What is electrochemical series? Write two applications of it.
Sol. If the oxidising agents arranged in decreasing order of their strength is called the activity or electrochemical
series.
Es/V
–
Reaction (Oxidised form + ne ⎯→ Reduced form)
–
F2(g) + 2e– ⎯→ 2F 2.87
3+ – 2+
Co + e ⎯→ Co 1.81
+ –
H2O2 + 2H + 2e ⎯→ 2H2O 1.78
– + – 2+
MnO + 8H + 5e
4 ⎯→ Mn + 4H2O 1.51
3+ –
Au + 3e ⎯→ Au(s) 1.40
– –
Cl2(g) + 2e ⎯→ 2Cl 1.36
2– + – 3+
Cr2O7 + 14H + 6e ⎯→ 2Cr + 7H2O 1.33
+ –
O2(g) + 4H + 4e ⎯→ 2H2O 1.23
+ – 2+
MnO2(s) + 4H + 2e ⎯→ Mn + 2H2O 1.23
– –
Br2 + 2e ⎯→ 2Br 1.09
3– + –
NO + 4H + 3e ⎯→ NO(g) + 2H2O 0.97
2+ – 2+
2Hg + 2e ⎯→ Hg2 0.92
+ –
Ag + e ⎯→ Ag(s) 0.80
Increasing strength of oxidising agent
Increasing strength of reducing agent

3+ – 2+
Fe + e ⎯→ Fe 0.77
+ –
O2(g) + 2H + 2e ⎯→ H2O2 0.68
– –
I2(s) + 2e ⎯→ 2I 0.54
+ –
Cu + e ⎯→ Cu(s) 0.52
2+ –
Cu + 2e ⎯→ Cu(s) 0.34
– –
AgCl(s) + e ⎯→ Ag(s) + Cl 0.22
– –
AgBr(s) + e ⎯→ Ag(s) + Br 0.10
+ –
2H + 2e ⎯→ H2(g) 0.00
2+ –
Pb + 2e ⎯→ Pb(s) –0.13
2+ –
Sn + 2e ⎯→ Sn(s) –0.14
2+ –
Ni + 2e ⎯→ Ni(s) –0.25
2+ –
Fe + 2e ⎯→ Fe(s) –0.44
3+ –
Cr + 3e ⎯→ Cr(s) –0.74
2+ –
Zn + 2e ⎯→ Zn(s –0.76
– –
2H2O + 2e ⎯→ H2(g) + 2OH –0.83
3+ –
Al + 3e ⎯→ Al(s) –1.66
2+ –
Mg + 2e ⎯→ Mg(s) –2.36
+ –
Na + e ⎯→ Na(s) –2.71
2+ –
Ca + 2e ⎯→ Ca(s) –2.87
+ –
K +e ⎯→ K(s) –2.93
+
Li + e– ⎯→ Li(s) –3.05
39. What happens when we place a strip of metallic zinc (Zn) in an aqueous solution of copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2)
for about one hour. Explain the observation.
Sol. Place a strip of metallic zinc (Zn) in an aqueous solution of copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2) for about one hour.
Zn rod
2+
Intensity of Finally Cu Cu deposited
blue colour ions are over Zn rod
Copper nitrate decreases deposited
solution as Cu
Initial stage Intermediate Final stage
stage
The following changes are observed :
(i) Zinc rod gradually starts dissolving.
(ii) Reddish brown copper metal starts depositing on the zinc rod.
(iii) The blue colour of Cu(NO3)2 solution starts fading and ultimately becomes colourless. The formation of
Zn+2 ions, among the products can be easily detected when the colour of the solution due to Cu+2 ions
starts fading. If hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is passed through the solution containing Zn+2 ions, formation
of white ZnS can be seen.
(iv) The reaction is exothermic and the solution becomes hot.
(v) The solution remains electrically neutral.
The reaction between metallic zinc and the aqueous solution of Cu(NO3)2 is
Zn(s) + Cu+2(aq) ⎯→ Zn+2(aq) + Cu(s)
In this reaction, zinc loses electrons to form Zn+2 ions. Therefore, zinc gets oxidised. Evidently, now if Zn is
oxidised, releasing electrons something must be reduced, accepting the electrons lost by zinc. Copper ion
is reduced by gaining electrons from the zinc.
Now, above reaction may be written as :
Reduction
2+ +2
Zn(s) + Cu (aq) Zn (aq) + Cu(s)
–
Gain of 2e (reduction)
Let us now investigate the state of equilibrium of above reaction. For this purpose, place a rod of Cu in a
ZnSO4 (zinc sulphate) solution. No visible reaction is noticed and all attempts to detect the presence of Cu+2
ions in solution by passing H2S gas fail since no black precipitate of CuS is formed. We therefore, conclude
that the state of equilibrium or reaction greatly favours the products over the reactants.
40. Give three reactions each, which shows the oxidising action of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7.
Sol. K2Cr2O7 + 4 H2SO4 + 3 H2O ⎯→ K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + 7 H2O + 3S
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3 SO2 ⎯→ K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O
K2Cr2O7 + 7 H2SO4 + 6 KI ⎯→ 4 K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 +3 I2 + 7 H2O
2 KMnO4 + 8 H2SO4 + 10 FeSO4 ⎯→ 2 MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 5 Fe2(SO4)3 + 8 H2O
2 KMnO4 + 5 H2C2O4 + 3 H2SO4 ⎯→ 2 MnSO4 + 10 CO2 + 8 H2O + K2SO4
2 KMnO4 + 3 H2SO4 + 5 NaNO2 ⎯→ 2 MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 5 NaNO3 + 3 H2O
41. How oxidation number concept is useful in naming of those compound which have more than one oxidation
state?
Sol. The compounds of metals which show more than one oxidation states are distinguished from one another by
placing a roman numeral indicating the oxidation state of the metal within parenthesis after the symbol or name
of the metal.
For example :
FeCl2 – Iron(II) chloride
FeCl3 – Iron(III) chloride
Hg2Cl2 – Mercury(I) chloride
HgCl2 – Mercury(II) chloride
SnO2 – Tin(IV) oxide etc.
Stock system of nomenclature is not used for non-metals.
42. How can we calculate the variable oxidation state of an element in periodic table?
Sol. Metals invariably have positive oxidation state while non-metals may have positive or negative oxidation states.
Transition metals usually display several oxidation states. The highest positive oxidation states for
s-block = group number

p-block = group number-10
(except noble
gases)
In other words, the highest positive oxidation state increases across a period in the periodic table.
Group 1 2 13 14 15 16 17
Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl
Compound NaCl MgSO4 AlF3 SiCl4 PF5, P2O5 SF6, SO3 HClO4, Cl2O7
Oxidation state +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7
43. How can we conclude, the given compound acts as an oxidising agent, reducing agent and oxidising as well
as reducing agent in any chemical reaction?
Sol. 1. An element in its highest possible oxidation state in a compound behave as an oxidising agent.
Example :
Mn in KMnO4
N in HNO3
Cl in HClO4
2. An element in its lowest possible oxidation state in a compound behaves as an reducing agent.
Example :
S in Na2S
Sn in SnCl2
3. An element in its intermediate oxidation state in a compound behaves both as an oxidising agent and
reducing agent.
Example :
O in H2O2
N in HNO2
S in SO2
44. Explain
(i) Combination reaction
(ii) Decomposition reaction
Sol. The redox reactions may be classified into the following types :
(i) Combination Reaction
The chemical reactions in which two or more substances combine to form a single substance are called
combination reactions.
A combination reaction may be expressed as
A + B ⎯→ AB
For this reaction to be a redox reaction, either one or both A and B must be in the elemental form. All
combustion reactions in which elemental oxygen is used and all other reactions which involve elements
other than oxygen are redox reaction.
For example :
0 0 +4 –2
C + O2 CO2
0 0 +2 –3
3Mg + N2 Mg3N2
0 0 +2 –2
Fe + S FeS
etc.
(ii) Decomposition Reaction
The chemical reactions in which a compound breaks up into two or more simple substances are called
decomposition reactions. The decomposition reactions are the opposite of combination reactions.
For a decomposition reaction to be a redox reaction, at least one of the components formed after the
break-down of the compound must be in the elemental state. Some common examples of redox
decomposition reactions are
+1 –2 0 0
Δ
2H2O 2H2 + O2
+1 –1 0 0
Δ
2NaH 2Na + H2
+1 +5 –2 –1 0
Δ
2KClO 3 2KCl + 3O2
It may be noted that all decomposition reactions are not redox reactions. For example, decomposition
of CaCO3(s) is not a redox reaction because it does not involve change in oxidation number of elements.
+2 +4 –2 +2 –2 +4 –2
CaCO 3(s) CaO + CO 2
45. Calculate the oxidation number of underlined element in the following species.
(i) SO2 (ii) NH3
(iii) HIO3 (iv) H3PO4
(v) CO2 (vi) CO3–2
(vii) CrO4–2 (viii) MnO4–
(ix) H3O+ (x) SO4–2
Sol. (i) SO2
x–2×2=0
x = +4
(ii) NH3
x+1×3=0
x = –3
(iii) HIO3
+1 + x – 2 × 3 = 0
x = +5
(iv) H3PO4
+1 × 3 + x – 2 × 4 = 0
x = +5
(v) CO2
x–2×2=0
x = +4
(vi) CO3–2
x – 2 × 3 = –2
x = +4
(vii) CrO4–2
x – 2 × 4 = –2
x = +6
(viii) MnO4–
x – 2 × 4 = –1
x = +7
(ix) H3O+
+1 × 3 + x = +1
x = –2
(x) SO4–2
x – 2 × 4 = –2
x = +6

Level-I
Chapter 8
Redox Reactions
Solutions (Set-2)
[Redox Reactions]
1. Which of the following is a redox reaction?
(1) CaCO3 ⎯→ CaO + CO2 (2) AgNO3 + NaCl ⎯→ AgCl + NaNO3
3
(3) NaOH + HCl ⎯→ NaCl + H2O (4) KClO3 ⎯→ KCl + O
2 2
Sol. Answer (4)
3
KClO3 ⎯→ KCl + O2
2
Here Cl is reduced from +5 to –1 oxidation state and oxygen is oxidized from –2 to zero oxidation state.
2. In the reaction
2Ag + 2H2SO4 ⎯→ Ag2SO4 + 2H2O + SO2
Sulphuric acid acts as
(1) Oxidising agent (2) Reducing agent
(3) Oxidising as well as reducing agent (4) Catalyst
Sol. Answer (1)
In H2SO4, O.S. (S) = + 6
In SO2, O.S. (S) = + 4
∴ Sulphur is getting reduced, hence, H2SO4 acts as an oxidizing agent.
3. In this reaction 4Al + 3O2 ⎯→ 4Al3+ + 6O2–. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
(1) It is a redox reaction (2) Metallic aluminium is a reducing agent
(3) Metallic aluminium is oxidised to Al3+ (4) Metallic aluminium is reduced to Al3+
Sol. Answer (4)
Metallic Al is oxidized to Al3+ not reduced.
Al ⎯⎯→ Al3+ + 3e−

(Oxidation)
4. Which of the following changes involve reduction?
(1) The conversion of ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate
(2) The conversion of H2S to S
(3) The conversion of Cl2 to NaCl
(4) The conversion of Zn to ZnSO4
Sol. Answer (3)
+2 +3
Fe SO4 ⎯⎯→ Fe2 (SO4 )3 [Oxidation]
−2 o
H2S ⎯⎯→ S [Oxidation]
0 −1
Cl2 ⎯⎯→ NaCl [Reduction]
0 +2
Zn ⎯⎯→ ZnSO4 [Oxidation]
[Oxidation Number]
5. Which can act as an oxidising as well as a reducing agent?
(1) HClO4 (2) HNO3 (3) H2SO4 (4) H2O2
Sol. Answer (4)
1
H2O2 ⎯→ H2O + O
2 2
6. Which of the following statement is correct about oxidation number?

(1) Oxidation number of all atoms in elementary state is zero
(2) The sum of Oxidation number of all the atoms in the formula of a compound is always zero
(3) Alkali and alkaline earth metals have +1 and +2 oxidation states respectively
(4) All of these
Sol. Answer (4)
O.S. (O2) = 0
Elementary state
In the molecular formula, sum of the oxidation number of the atoms is zero.
7. Which can act as a reducing agent?
(1) HNO3 (2) H2SO4 (3) H2S (4) KMnO4
Sol. Answer (3)
2− 0
H2S ⎯⎯→ S
(reducing agent), as sulphur is oxidized from –2 to zero oxidation state.

8. Oxidation number of iron in Fe0.94O is
200 8
(1) +2 (2) +3 (3) + (4)
94 3
Sol. Answer (3)
In Fe0.94O
∴ 0.94 x – 2 = 0
2
x=
0.94
200
∴ x =
(Oxidation 94
number)
9. Oxidation number of Cr in K3CrO8 is

(1) +6 (2) +5 (3) +3 (4) +2
Sol. Answer (2)
Oxidation state of Cr is +5. There are 4 peroxide ions, each one has a charge of –2
10. What is the difference in oxidation state of nitrogen in between hydroxyl amine (NH2OH) and hydrazine (N2H4)?
(1) +5 (2) +3 (3) –3 (4) 1
Sol. Answer (4)
Hydrazine NH2 – NH2 hydroxyl amine –NH2 – OH
O.S. of N in NH2OH is 1 and O.S. of N in N2H4 is –2, hence difference in O.S is 1
11. In which of the following changes, there is a transfer of five electrons?
(1) MnO4– → Mn+2 (2) CrO42– → Cr3+ (3) MnO4– → MnO2 (4) Cr2O72– → 2Cr3+
Sol. Answer (1)
MnO−4 ⎯⎯→ Mn+2
x + 4 × –2 = –1
x=7
Change in oxidation state = 7 – 2 = 5
CrO 4−2 ⎯⎯→ Cr +3
x + 4 × –2 = –2
x=6
+7 +4
MnO−4 ⎯⎯→ MnO2
x + 2 × –2 = 0
x=4
+6 +3
Cr 2 O7−2 ⎯⎯→ 2 C r 3 +
2x + 7 × –2 = –2
2x = 12
x = +6
Total change in oxidation state = 2 (6 – 3) = 2 × 3 = 6
[Type of Redox Reaction and Its Balancing]
12. The number of electrons required to balance the following equation are
NO3– + 4H+ + e– ⎯→ 2H2O + NO is
(1) 5 (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 2
Sol. Answer (3)
+5 +2
N O3 − + 4H+ + 3e− ⎯⎯→ 2H2O + N O
13. The reaction

Cl2 + S2O32– + OH– → SO42 – + Cl– + H2O
Starting with 0.15 mole Cl2, 0.010 mole S2O32– and 0.30 mole OH–, mole of Cl2 left in solution will be
(1) 0.11 (2) 0.01 (3) 0.04 (4) 0.09
Sol. Answer (1)
0 +2 +6 −1
Cl2 + S2O3−2 + OH− ⎯⎯→ SO4−2 + Cl− + H2O
nf = 2 nf = 8
Number of eq. of Cl2 = moles × n factor
= 0.15 × 2 = 0.30
Number of eq. of S2O3−2 = 0.010 × 8
= 0.08
Number of eq. of OH– = 0.30 ×1 = 0.30
∵ S2O3−2 has minimum equivalents hence S2O3−2 is limiting reagent.
Number of eq. of Cl2 remaining = 0.3 – 0.08 = 0.22
0.22
Number of moles of Cl2 remaining = = 0.11
2
14. The number of moles of KMnO4 that will be needed to react completely with one mole of ferrous oxalate in
acidic solution is
(1) 3/5 (2) 2/5 (3) 4/5 (4) 1/5
Sol. Answer (1)
+2 +3 +7 4+
→ Fe+3 + C O2 + Mn+2
acidic
FeC2 O4 + K MnO4 ⎯⎯⎯⎯
nf =5
(3 − 2) + 2 × (4 − 3)
n factor of FeC2O4 = = 1 + 2 = 3
Fe C
Number of eq. of FeC2O4 = Number of eq. of KMnO4

1×3=n×5
3
n=
5
15. Which of the following reactions involve disproportionation?
(1) 2H2SO4 + Cu ⎯⎯→ CuSO4 + 2H2O + SO2 (2) As2O3 + 3H2S ⎯⎯→ As2S3 + 3H2O
(3) 2KOH + Cl2 ⎯⎯→ KCl + KOCl + H2O (4) Ca3P2 + 6H2O ⎯⎯→ 3Ca(OH)2 + 2PH3
Sol. Answer (3)
0 −1 +1
2KOH + Cl2 ⎯⎯→ K Cl+ KOCl+ H2O
16. The stoichiometric coefficient of S in the following reaction
H2S + HNO3 → NO + S + H2O
is balanced (in acidic medium):
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (3)
−2 +5 +2 0
H2 S + H N O3 ⎯⎯→ NO + S + H2O
nf = 2 nf = 3
3H2S + 2HNO3 ⎯⎯→ 2NO + 3S + H2O

coefficient of S = 3
[ Hint : n factor of oxidising agent will be coefficient of reducing agent and vice-versa]
17. When copper is treated with a certain concentration of nitric acid, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are liberated
in equal volumes according to the equation
xCu + yHNO3 ⎯→ Cu(NO3)2 + NO + NO2 + H2O
The coefficients x and y are
(1) 2 and 6 (2) 4 and 12 (3) 1 and 3 (4) 3 and 8
Sol. Answer (2)
4Cu + 12HNO3 ⎯⎯→ 4Cu(NO3 )2 + 2NO2 + 2NO + 6H2 O
[Quantitative Analysis Involving Redox Reaction]
18. Peroxides are basic in nature and they form hydrogen peroxides on treatment with acid. What volume of 0.5
M H2SO4 solution is required to neutralise a solution containing 7.2 g of CaO2?
(1) 400 ml (2) 300 ml (3) 200 ml (4) 100 ml
Sol. Answer (3)
Eqn. of H2SO4 = Eqn. of CaO2
7.2
⇒ 0.5 × 2 × V =
36
⇒ V = 0.2 I or 200 ml
19. How many gm of K2Cr2O7 is present in 1 L of its N/10 solution in acid medium?
(1) 4.9 (2) 49 (3) 0.49 (4) 3.9
Sol. Answer (1)
+6
K 2 Cr 2 O7 ⎯⎯→ Cr +3
n factor = 6
Number of eq. = NV (litre)
1 1
= ×1 = = 0.1
10 10
w = no. of eq. × Eq. wt = 4.9 g
20. FeS → Fe3+ + SO3
Eq. wt of FeS for this change is (mol.wt. of FeS = M)
M M M M
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 5 7 9
Sol. Answer (4)
+2 −2 +6
FeS ⎯⎯→ Fe+3 + SO3
1× (3 −
2) + 1
× (6 − ( −2))
n-factor of FeS = =1+8=9
Fe s
M M
E= =
n factor 9
21. 200 ml of 0.01 M KMnO4 oxidise 20 ml of H2O2 sample in acidic medium. The volume strength of H2O2 is
(1) 2.8 volume (2) 5.6 volume (3) 0.5 volume (4) 0.25 volume
Sol. Answer (1)
+7 +2
→ M n+2 + H2O + O2
acidic
K MnO4 + H2O2 ⎯⎯⎯⎯
medium
nf = 5 nf = 2
Number of eq. of KMnO4 = Number of eq. of H2O2
200 20
0.01× 5 × = N×
1000 1000
N = 0.5
Volume strength = 5.6 × N = 5.6 × 0.5 = 2.8
22. 4 mol of a mixture of Mohr’s salt and Fe2(SO4)3 required 400 ml of 0.5 M KMnO4 for complete oxidation in
acidic medium. The mole % of Mohr’s salt in the mixture is
(1) 40% (2) 5% (3) 50% (4) 25%
Sol. Answer (4)
Mohr’s salt is
FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O
x mole (4–x) mole

→ Fe+3 + Mn+2
acidic
FeSO4 .(NH4 )2 SO4 .6H2O + Fe2 (SO4 )3 + KMnO4 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
medium
nf = 1
Number of eq. of Mohr’s salt = Number of eq. of KMnO4
400
x × 1 = (0.5 × 5) ×
1000
x=1
Number of Moles of Fe2(SO4)3 = 3 mole
mol % of Mohr’s salt
1 1
= × 100 = × 100 = 25%
1+ 3 4
23. The volume of 3M HNO3 required to oxidised 8 g Fe2+ is (HNO3 + Fe2+ → Fe3+ + NO + H2O)
(1) 8 ml (2) 16 ml (3) 32 ml (4) 64 ml
Sol. Answer (2)
+5 +2
Fe+2 + H N O3 ⎯⎯→ Fe+3 + NO+ N2O
nf = 3 − 2 nf = 5 − 2
=1 =3
8 1
Number of moles of Fe+2 = =
56 7
Number of eq. of Fe+2 = Number of eq. of HNO3
8
× 1 = (3 × 3) × V (litre)
56
8 1
V (litre) = =
56 × 9 63
1000
V (ml) = = 15.87 ≈ 16 ml
63
24. Equivalent weight of KIO3 in the given reaction 2Cr(OH)3 + 4OH− + KIO3 ⎯⎯→ 2CrO −42 + 5H2 O + KI is
Molecular weight Molecular weight Molecular weight

(1) Molecular weight (2) (3) (4)
6 2 3
Sol. Answer (2)
KIO3 + 6e− → KI
25. In equation H2S + 2HNO3 ⎯⎯→ 2H2O + 2NO2 + S

Equivalent weight of H2S is
(1) 68 (2) 34 (3) 17 (4) 16
Sol. Answer (3)
H2S → S + 2e−
26. Equal volumes of 1 M each of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 are used to oxidise Fe(II) solution in acidic medium. The
amount of Fe oxidised will be
(1) More with KMnO4 (2) More with K2Cr2O7
(3) Equal with both oxidising agent (4) Cannot be determined
Sol. Answer (2)
+2 +7 +3 +2
→ Fe+3 + Mn+2
acidic
Fe (II) + KMnO4 ⎯⎯⎯⎯
Medium
nf = 1 nf = 5
+2 +6 +3 +3
→ Fe + Cr +3
+3
acidic
Fe (II) + K 2Cr2O7 ⎯⎯⎯⎯
Medium
nf = 1 nf = 2 × (6 − 3)
=6
let V litre, each of KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7 are taken

number of equivalent of Fe+2 = Number of eq. of KMnO4
n1 × 1 = 1 × 5 × V
n1 = 5 V
Number of eq. of Fe+2 = Number of eq. of K2Cr2O7
n2 ×1 = 1 × 6 × V
n2 = 6 V
⇒ more moles of Fe+2 will be oxidised with K2Cr2O7.
27. The equivalent mass of MnSO4 is half of its molecular mass when it is converted to
(1) Mn2O3 (2) MnO (3) MnO2 (4) MnO4–
Sol. Answer (3)
Mn+2 ⎯⎯→ MnO2
n=2
M
∴ Eq. wt. =
2
28. In the titration of NaHCO3 with HCl, indicator cannot be used

(1) Methyl orange (2) Methyl red (3) Phenolphthalein (4) All of these
Sol. Answer (3)
Phenolphthalein cannot be used with weak base.
29. Equivalent weight of Mohr salt in the titration with KMnO4 is (M – Molecular weight)
M M M M
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 4 3 2
Sol. Answer (1)
Fe+2 ⎯⎯→ Fe+3
M
Equivalent weight =
1
30. 100 ml of each HCl solution having pH = 5 and NaOH having pH = 8 is mixture. How much volume of
N
NaOH is required to neutralise to 20 ml of this mixture?
100
(1) 0.009 ml (2) 9 ml (3) 20 ml (4) 15 ml

Sol. Answer (1)
Milliequivalent of HCl = 10 −5 × 100 = 10–3
Milliequivalent of NaOH = 10–6 × 100 = 10–4

Meq. H+ left unused = 9 × 10–4
9 × 10−4
∴ Nmix = = 9 × 10−6
100
1
∴ 9 × 10 −6 × 10 = × VNaOH
100
∴ VNaOH = 0.009 ml
31. The volume of 0.1 M AgNO3 which is required by 10 ml of 0.09 M K2CrO4 to precipitate all the chromate as
Ag2CrO4 is
(1) 9 ml (2) 18 ml (3) 20 ml (4) 36 ml
Sol. Answer (2)
Mill equivalent Equation of AgNO3 = K2CrO4
0.1 × V = 2 × 0.09 × 10
∴ VAgNO3 = 18 ml
32. One litre of a solution contains 15.12 g of HNO3 and one litre of another solution contains 3.2 g of NaOH.
In what volume ratio must these solutions be mixed to obtain a neutral solution?
1 2 8 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 8
Sol. Answer (1)

Eq. of HNO3 = Eq. of NaOH
15.12 3.2
×V = × V′
63.5 40
V
∴ = 0.333
V′
33. In the balanced chemical reaction
IO3− + aI− + bH+ ⎯⎯→ cH2 O + dI2
a, b, c and d respectively correspond to

(1) 5, 6, 3, 3 (2) 5, 3, 6, 3 (3) 3, 5, 3, 6 (4) 5, 6, 5, 5
Sol. Answer (1)
a = 5, b = 6, c = 3, d = 3
[Redox Reactions and Electrode Processes]
34. Which of the following is stronger reducing agent than standard hydrogen electrode?
(1) E°Fe+3 /Fe+2 = 0.77 V (2) E°I − = 0.54 V

2 /I
(3) E°Au+3 / Au = 1.4 V (4) E°Zn+2 /Zn = – 0.76 V
Sol. Answer (4)

A negative E°Red electrode is stronger reducing agent than H2/H+ electrode.
35. Which one is not called an anodic reaction?
1
→ Cu+2 + 2e−
(1) Cu ⎯⎯ (2) Cl− ⎯⎯
→ Cl2 + 1e −
2
(3) Zn+2 + 2e− ⎯⎯

→ Zn (4) Hg+ ⎯⎯→ Hg+2 + e −
Sol. Answer (3)

Oxidation takes place at anode.
36. In Cu-Zn cell
(1) Reduction occurs at copper cathode (2) Oxidation occurs at copper cathode
(3) Reduction occurs at anode (4) Chemical energy is converted to light energy
Sol. Answer (1)
Zn → Anode (Oxidation)
Cu → Cathode (Reduction)
37. Standard reductional potential at 25°C for Li, Ba, Na and Mg are –3.05, –2.9, –2.7 and –2.37 V respectively.
Which of the following is strongest oxidising agent?
(1) Li+ (2) Ba+2 (3) Na+ (4) Mg+2
Sol. Answer (4)
Mg2+ is strongest oxidising agent.

38. In the following redox reaction
2KI + Cl2 → 2KCl + I2
the oxidising agent is
(1) KI (2) Cl2 (3) KCl (4) I2
Sol. Answer (2)
Cl2 is being reduced in the reaction
Miscellaneous
39. Reduction is the integral part of redox reaction, it can be defined as
(1) Removal of hydrogen (2) Addition of oxygen
(3) Gain of electron (4) Addition of electronegative element
Sol. Answer (3)
40. Oxidation number of nitrogen in NF3 is x and in NH3 is y then x – y is
(1) 3 (2) 0 (3) 5 (4) 6
Sol. Answer (4)
O.S. of N in NF3 = +3
O.S. of N in NH3 = –3
41. Which compound of chlorine can act as both oxidising and reducing agent?
(1) HCl (2) NaClO4 (3) Ca(OCl)2 (4) Cl2O7
Sol. Answer (3)
Oxidation state of Cl in Ca(OCl)2 is +1.
42. Which of the following metal do not react with water?
(1) Au (2) Na (3) Mg (4) Fe
Sol. Answer (1)
43. What is the equivalent weight of Ba(MnO4)2 when it is reduced to Mn+6 in basic medium?
M M M M
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 3 2 6
Sol. Answer (3)
Basic medium
Ba(MnO 4 )2 ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→
nf = 2
Mn+6
44. Consider the balanced chemical equation,

a NH3 + b O2 → c N2 + d H2O
the incorrect statement is
(1) a = 4 (2) b=3 (3) c=2 (4) d=3
Sol. Answer (4)
4NH3 + 3O2 ⎯→ 2N2 + 6H2O
45. When NH2OH disproportionates, the products that are likely to be formed would be
(1) N2, N2O (2) N2, NO2– (3) N2H4, N2O (4) N2H4, NH3
Sol. Answer (3)
Oxidation
–1 –2 +1
NH2 OH N 2H4 + N2 O
Reduction
M
46. The equivalent weight of S8 → SO−42 (hypothetical) is written as . What is the value of x.
x
(M = molar mass of S8)
(1) 1 (2) 0 (3) 48 (4) 3
Sol. Answer (3)
47. How many grams of oxalic acid (H2C2O4) is required to completely reduce 25 ml of 0.1 M KMnO4 solution?
(Molecular weight of H2C2O4 = 90)
(1) 0.02 g (2) 0.045 g (3) 0.5625 g (4) 0.36 g
Sol. Answer (3)
Equiv of H2C2O4 = Equiv of KMnO4
w 25
2× = 5× × 0.1
90 1000
w = 0.5625 g
48. The reduction potential of following half cell reactions are
Mg+2 + 2e– ⎯→ Mg; E° = –2.36 V
Ni+2 + 2e– ⎯→ Ni; E° = –0.25 V
The emf of cell is
(1) 2.11 V (2) 2.61 V (3) 2.25 V (4) 1.09 V
Sol. Answer (1)
E°cell = E°cathode − Eanode

°
In given reaction, Ni is reduced

E°cell = − 0.25 − ( −2.36) = 2.11 V
49. Correct statement(s) among following is(are)
(i) Oxidation number may be fractional
(ii) Oxidation number can be negative
(iii) Halogens show only negative oxidation states
(iv) Only oxidation states possible for oxygen are zero and –2
(1) (i), (ii), (iii) only (2) (i) and (iv) only (3) (ii) and (iii) only (4) (i) and (ii) only
Sol. Answer (4)
50. Oxidation state of phosphorus in H3PO2 is
(1) +5 (2) +3 (3) +1 (4) –3
Sol. Answer (3)
51. Reduction potential of some half cells are given below.
X+|X = +0.95 V, Y+|Y = –0.60 V, Z+|Z = +0.45 V,
Q+|Q = –0.20 V
Then correct statement regarding above half cells is
(1) Y is best oxidising agent (2) X is best reducing agent
(3) Y is best reducing agent (4) Q is better oxiding agent than X
Sol. Answer (3)
52. Consider the reaction,
Mg + Br2 ⎯→ MgBr2
which species is acting as reducing agent in the given reaction?
(1) Mg (2) Br2
(3) MgBr2 (4) This reaction is not redox
Sol. Answer (1)
0 0 +2 –1
Mg + Br2 ⎯→ MgBr2
oxidation
(Reducing agent)
53. If K2Cr2O7 is converted to CrCl3, what is the change observed in oxidation number of one Cr atom?
(1) Increases by 3 units (2) Decreases by 3 units
(3) Decreases by 6 units (4) No change
Sol. Answer (2)
Oxidation number of Cr in K2Cr2O7 = + 6
Oxidation number of Cr in CrCl3 = + 3
∴ Oxidation number decreases by 3 units.
54. How many electrons are gained while converting NO3– ion to NO gas?
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
Sol. Answer (3)
NO3– + 4H+ ⎯→ NO + 2H2O

+ 3e –
55. From the following given reactions, select an example of disproportionation reaction.
(1) PCl5 + H2O ⎯→ POCl3 + HCl (2) CuSO4 + PH3 ⎯→ Cu3P2 + H2SO4
(3) Se2Cl2 ⎯→ SeCl4 + Se (4) SO3 + H2O ⎯→ H2SO4
Sol. Answer (3)
In disproportionation reaction, atom of same element is simultaneously oxidised and reduced.
56. C10H16 is oxidised to C by Cl2 which itself get reduced to form HCl. What is the equivalent weight of C10H16
if molecular mass of C10H16 is Mw?
Mw Mw Mw
(1) (2) (3) Mw (4)
16 8 4
Sol. Answer (1)
C10H16 ⎯→ 10C + 16H+ + 16e–
Mw
Equivalent weight of C10H16 =
16
57. How many moles of electrons are required to oxidise one mole of I– to IO3– in basic medium?
(1) 2 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 8
Sol. Answer (3)
I– + 6OH– ⎯→ IO3– + 3H2O + 6e–
58. When Cu2S is converted into Cu2+ and SO2 then equivalent weight of Cu2S will be (M = mol. wt. of Cu2S)
M M M
(1) M (2) (3) (4)
2 4 8
Sol. Answer (4)
+1 –2 +4
Cu2S Cu2+ + SO2
–
–2 × 1 e
–6e–
M
So, equivalent wt. of Cu2S =
8
59. Cu3S2 is a mixed sulphide of copper containing Cu2+ and Cu+ ions. It is allowed to react with KMnO4 in acidic
medium. The product mixture is not expected to contain
(1) Cu2+ ions (2) Mn2+ ions (3) MnO2(s) (4) SO2 gas
Sol. Answer (3)
Cu+ ⎯⎯→ Cu2 +
H+ → Mn2+
MnO−4 ⎯⎯⎯
S2 − ⎯⎯→ SO2
60. Stannic chloride is obtained from tin metal and potassium dichromate, in presence of hydrochloric acid.
2 gm tin metal (consist 10% inert impurity) reacted with 0.1 M potassium dichromate solution. Identify
the volume of K2Cr2O7 required for completion of reaction. (Atomic mass of Sn = 118.7 gm)
(1) 202 ml (2) 150.5 ml (3) 160.4 ml (4) 101.1 ml
Sol. Answer (4)
Meq of Sn = Meq of K2Cr2O7
+
+4 H +3
Sn → Sn , K2Cr2O7 ⎯⎯ ⎯
→ 2Cr
0 +4 +3
+6
 2 × 0.9 
 118.7  × 4 × 1000 = 0.1 × 6 × V
 
V = 101.1 ml
61. Consider the following and select the correct statement.
(1) Pb3O4 is a mixture of 2 mole of PbO2 and 1 mole PbO
(2) PbO2 is more stable than PbO
(3) Pb3O4 can oxidise Cl– to Cl2 but PbO cannot
–
(4) Neither Pb3O4 nor PbO can oxidise Cl to Cl2
Sol. Answer (3)
PbO is a mixture of 2 mole of PbO and 1 mole PbO2.
PbO2 + Cl– ⎯→ Pb2+ + Cl2
PbO + Cl– ⎯→ X X
62. AgBr on photographic film is developed with alkaline hydroquinone according to the following reaction
OH O
– –
2AgBr(s) + 2OH (aq) + ⎯⎯→ 2Ag(s) + 2H 2O(l) + 2Br (aq) +
OH O
Select the correct statement.

(1) It is an example of disproportionation reaction (2) It is an example of displacement reaction
+ –
(3) Ag act as an oxidizing agent (4) Br act as reducing agent
Sol. Answer (3)
Oxidizing agent accept the electron.
Ag+ + e– ⎯→ Ag


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Level-I

Very Short Answer Type Questions :

Is this a redox reaction? Comment.

5. Identify the oxidants and reductants in the following reactions.

6. What is the oxidation state of sodium in sodium amalgam (Na-Hg)?

2Na(g) + Cl2(g) ⎯→ 2Na+Cl–(s)

Hence, it is a redox reaction.

2Fe+3 2Fe+2; Reduction half

(i) 2Fe+3(aq) + 2Cl–(aq) ⎯→ 2Fe+2(aq) + Cl2(g)

(ii) 2Cr(s) + 3Cu+2 ⎯→ 3Cu(s) + 2Cr+3

Sol. (i) At cathode

2e– + 2Fe+3 2Fe+2

2Cl– Cl2 + 2e–

[2e– + Cu+2 Cu(s)] × 3

[Cr(s) Cr+3 + 3e–] × 2

O.N. increases by 6 units

2MnO4– + I– 2MnO2 + IO3– + H2O

Balancing ‘H’ and ‘O’

2MnO4– + I– + H2O 2MnO2 + IO3– + 2OH–

23. Find out the oxidation number of sulphur in

(i) S2O3–2 (ii) S2O4–2 (iii) S2O8–2

Sol. (i) S2O3–2

Balancing ‘H’ and ‘O’

Balancing charge and ‘O’

2MnO4– + 8e– + 5H2O Mn2O3 + 10OH– ...(ii)

S8 + OH– ⎯→ S–2 + S2O32–

6Cl2 + 12OH– 10Cl– + 2ClO3– + 6H2O

Long Answer Type Questions :

2Na + Cl2 2NaCl

4P4 + 12H2O + 12OH– 4PH3 + 12H2PO2–

Balancing ‘H’ and ‘O’

I2 + 6H2O 2IO3– + 10e– + 12H+

10NO3– + 20H+ + 10e– 10NO2 + 10H2O

I2 + 10NO3– + 8H+ 2IO3– + 10NO2 + 4H2O

35. Explain the redox titration by using

(i) Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)

(ii) Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

Sol. (i) Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) :

The reaction for titration of MnO4– against Fe+2 ions is

MnO4– + 8H+ + 5e– ⎯→ Mn+2 + 4H2O

[Fe+2 ⎯→ Fe+3 + e–] × 5

MnO4– + 5Fe+2 + 8H+ ⎯→ Mn+2 + 5Fe+3 + 4H2O

(ii) Acidified Potassium Dichromate :

Cr2O7–2 + 14H+ + 6e– ⎯→ 2Cr+3 + 7H2O

Sol. Iodine (I2) :

It also acts as a mild oxidising agent in solution according to the reaction.

I2(aq) + S2O3–2(aq) ⎯→ 2I–(aq) + S4O6–2(aq)

2Cu+2(aq) + 4I–(aq) ⎯→ Cu2I2(s) + I2(aq)

2Na2S2O3 + I2 ⎯→ 2NaI + Na2S4O6

37. Draw the Daniell cell with Cu and Zn redox couple.

Sol. Current flow

Increasing strength of reducing agent

s-block = group number

Al ⎯⎯→ Al3+ + 3e−

6. Which of the following statement is correct about oxidation number?

(reducing agent), as sulphur is oxidized from –2 to zero oxidation state.

9. Oxidation number of Cr in K3CrO8 is

MnO−4 ⎯⎯→ Mn+2

CrO 4−2 ⎯⎯→ Cr +3

13. The reaction

Number of eq. of S2O3−2 = 0.010 × 8

∵ S2O3−2 has minimum equivalents hence S2O3−2 is limiting reagent.