Additional practice questions

3.1 Function transformations

Practice 1
1) These diagrams show examples of graph transformations. In each case, describe the
single transformation that has taken place to transform the red curve into the blue
curve.
a.

b.

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c.

d.

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e.

f.

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2) These diagrams show further examples of graph transformations. In each case,

identify the two transformations that transform the red curve into the blue curve.
a.

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b.

c.

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d.

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Practice 2
3) In each graph you are given the equation of one of the functions. The other graphs are
translations of that function. Find the equation of each function.
a.

b.

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c.

4) Each graph shows a different function f(x).

On squared paper draw a sketch to show the given transformation.
The scale is 1 square = 1 unit on both axes.
a.

Sketch f(x) + 3

b.

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Sketch f(x – 1)
c.

Sketch f(x + 2)
d.

Sketch f(x) –2
e.

Sketch f(x – 2)

5) This is sketch graph of y = f(x)

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a. Sketch the graph of y = f(x) + 3

b. Sketch the graph of y = f(x + 1)

6) This is sketch graph of y = f(x)

a. Sketch y = f(x) – 2
b. Sketch y = f(x – 7)

Practice 3
7) Sketch the graph of y = –f(x) for the figure in question 6.

8) This is the sketch of y = f(x) which passes through A, B, C.

Sketch the curve y = −f(x), giving the new coordinates of A, B, C.

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9) Sketch the graph of −f(x).

Practice 4
10) Each graph shows a different function f(x).
On squared paper draw a sketch to show the given transformation.
The scales are 1 square = 1 unit on both axes.
a.

Sketch 2f(x)
b.

Sketch f(2x)
c.

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d.
𝑥𝑥
Sketch f� �
2

e.

Sketch 3f(x)
f.

Sketch f(4x)
g.

Sketch 2f(x)

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Practice 5
11) Express g(x) in terms of f(x) and state the transformation applied to f(x) to get g(x):
a. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 − 7, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 6𝑥𝑥 − 14
b. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 8𝑥𝑥 − 12, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 − 12
c. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −4𝑥𝑥 + 3, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑥 − 3
d. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 − 6
e. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = −2𝑥𝑥 2 + 5, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −6𝑥𝑥 2 + 15
f. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥

12) Express g (x) in terms of f (x) and state the combination of transformations applied to
f(x) to get g(x):
a. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 9𝑥𝑥 + 1, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −9𝑥𝑥 + 1
b. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑥 + 6, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 − 3
c. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 6, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −2𝑥𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑥 − 12
d. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 1, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 1
e. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥 − 2, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 18𝑥𝑥 2 + 15𝑥𝑥 − 6
f. 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥, 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 12𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥

Practice 6
13) For each pair of graphs, find the transformations applied to f1(x) to get f2(x).
Hence write the function f2(x) as a transformation of f1(x).
a.

b.

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c.

d.

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14) On the same axes, sketch and label:

1
a. 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 b. 𝑦𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑥 2 c. 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2
2

15) On the same axes, sketch and label:

a. 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 b. 𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 − 1)3 c. 𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 − 1)3 + 4

16) On the same axes, sketch and label:

1 1
a. 𝑦𝑦 = b. 𝑦𝑦 =
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥−2

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Answers

Practice 1
1) a. Horizontal translation 3 units right OR vertical translation 6 units down
b. Vertical dilation by scale factor 2
c. Reflection in the x-axis
d. Reflection in the y-axis
e. Horizontal dilation by scale factor 0.5
f. Horizontal translation 5 units to the right

2) a. Reflection in the x-axis, then vertical translation 2 units up

b. Horizontal translation 15 units right, and vertical translation 4 units up
c. Reflection in the y-axis, and horizontal dilation by scale factor 2
d. Reflection in the y-axis, and vertical translation 3 units up

Practice 2
3) a. Blue: 𝑦𝑦 = |𝑥𝑥| + 3, purple: 𝑦𝑦 = |𝑥𝑥 − 4|, green: 𝑦𝑦 = |𝑥𝑥 + 4| − 3
b. Blue: 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 3, purple: 𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 + 5)2 , green: 𝑦𝑦 = (𝑥𝑥 − 4)2 + 4
c. Blue: 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑥 − 15, purple: 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 2 + 5, green: 𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 2 + 8𝑥𝑥 − 16
4) a.

b.

c.

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d.

e.

5) a. & b.

6) a. Translation 2 units ↓, A′(0, −2)

b. Translation 7 units →, A′(7, 0)

Practice 3
7) See Answer 5.
8) a. A′(−2, −1), B′(0, −3), C′(2, 0), reflection in y = 0
b. A′(0, 1), B′(2, 3), C′(4, 0), translation 2 units →
9)

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Practice 4
10) a.

b.

c.

d.

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e.

f.

Practice 5
11) a. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) vertical dilation of scale factor 2
1
b. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓( 𝑥𝑥) horizontal dilation of scale factor 4
4
c. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) reflection in the x-axis
d. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) − 6 vertical translation down 6 units
e. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) vertical dilation of scale factor 3
f. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(−𝑥𝑥) reflection in the y-axis
12) a. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) + 2 reflection in the x-axis and vertical translation of 2 units up
(other answers also possible)
1
b. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) − 6 vertical dilation of scale factor 2 and vertical translation
2
of 6 units down
c. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = −2𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) reflection in the x-axis and vertical dilation of scale factor 2

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d. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(−𝑥𝑥) − 2 reflection in the y-axis and vertical translation down 2 units
1
e. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓(3𝑥𝑥) − 4 horizontal dilation by scale factor and vertical translation
3
down 4 units
f. 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑓𝑓(2𝑥𝑥) vertical dilation of scale factor 3 and horizontal dilation of scale
1
factor
2

Practice 6
13) a. 𝑓𝑓2 (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓1 (𝑥𝑥 − 10) + 5 b. 𝑓𝑓2 (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓1 (2𝑥𝑥) − 3
1
c. 𝑓𝑓2 (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑓𝑓1 (𝑥𝑥 − 5) d. 𝑓𝑓2 (𝑥𝑥) = −𝑓𝑓1 (−2𝑥𝑥)
2
14)

15)

16)

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