Gian Franco R.

Caoile
1 – BSIT – D
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

STUDY GUIDE 1

Learning Activity 1: Diagnostic

TRUE 1. Technology is the application of science.
TRUE 2. Scientific theories are much less valid than scientific laws.
TRUE 3. Science and technology has potentially negative societal impacts.
TRUE 4. STS is a multidisciplinary study and draws heavily on the social sciences.
TRUE 5. Science mainly concerns on the acquisition and production of knowledge
from the natural world.
TRUE 6. Though the knowledge generated by STS is important, it has little bearing
on government policy-making.
TRUE 7. The study of STS is important for both the natural science community and
the social science community.
FALSE 8. The domain of science requires skills such as critical thinking and
problem-solving but less on creativity and imagination.
TRUE 9. When we try to look into how various social factors affect the
development of science and how developments in science affect human society, we
are delving into the STS territory.
TRUE 10. STS deals mostly with historical developments of science and technology
and its impact to society and less with the philosophical implications of these
developments.

Learning Activity 2: Metacognitive reading report

Refer to the work of Lewis Wolpert entitled The Medawar Lecture 1998 Is Science Dangerous?
through the link https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1569503/. Read the article and
answer the following questions:
a. What were Wolpert's major points and support to his claims?
- The fact that science offers the best means of comprehending the world, the belief
that science is dangerous is strongly ingrained in our culture, particularly in
literature. Technology and science are not the same thing. Reliable scientific
knowledge, in contrast to technology, is value-free and has no moral or ethical value.
b. Does he believe that science and technology is dangerous?
-According to Wolpert, the mixing of science and technology is a severe issue since it
leads to a misinterpretation of both fields' characteristics. Another issue is that
practically all scientific explanations defy common sense.
 c. What were his ideas regarding eugenics, cloning, and stem cells? Do you agree or
disagree on his points regarding these issues? Why or why not?
- Discussing the ethical issues involved in topics such as cloning and stem cell, I
Agree, I support biomedical cloning to obtain embryonic stem cells.
d. What role does the public play in the purported dangers (or lack thereof) of science and
technology?
-For example, scientific research contributed to the creation and launch of oral
rehydration therapy, which became the cornerstone of global efforts to manage
diarrheal diseases. Science and technology capabilities are essential for social and
economic advancement in underdeveloped nations.
e. What role does politics play in the purported dangers (or lack thereof) of science and
technology?
- Politics, not theology, appears to be the true nemesis of science. Politics is a field of
opinion, whereas science is a sphere of knowledge and understanding (Carey, 1995)
f. What three concepts from the article will you never forget?
-Politics in science, technology, and the social responsibility.
g. What three realizations did you have after reading the article? State your answer in the
following manner: Before reading the article, I thought… However, after reading, I can
now say that I learned…
-Before reading the article I thought this would be like the same textbook I’ve been
reading in the past. However, after reading, I can now say that I learned it is
ingrained in our culture that scientific knowledge is harmful.
h. What three things are still unclear to you after reading the article?
- There is a fear and distrust of science, ‘yuuk’ factor, and how the law which deals
with experiments on human embryos is a good model.

STUDY GUIDE 2

Learning Activity 1: Reflection

Before continuing this Module, watch an 18- minute TEDxTalk by Hannu Rajaniemi entitled
The Big History of Modern Science using the link https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ZcWsjlGPPFQ. Afterward, reflect on the following question: “Why is it important to study the
history of Science and Technology?”
- Understanding science and technology is crucial. The significance of technological
history can be demonstrated by a few factors. It helps us comprehend how mechanization
evolved. It explains how science and technology are interdependent. For more
breakthroughs, science and technological knowledge are crucial. To learn about or
comprehend changes in agriculture, production, medicine, engineering, architecture, etc.,
we must study the history of technology.
Learning Activity 2: Drawing / Model-making Activity

STUDY GUIDE 3

Learning Activity 1: Diagnostic

Before continuing this Module, let us find the 15 key terms/words in this module from the word
search puzzle below. Shade or encircle the words. They are placed in the puzzle either vertical,
horizontal, oblique, upward, or backwards. Then copy the terms you have found in alphabetical
order in a piece of paper. And after completing this module, write 1 or 2 sentences about each
term/word.
a r c e l i g y m e l o t p r
l i v i n g s t o n e k g s S
c o p e r n i c u s l o v y u
h a h a n s d a i l g o h c p
e c c i r t n e c o e g e h e
m f a e r a y l i l s e l o r
y r b v o d d e m i c o i a e
r e v o l u t i o n j j o n g
p u w l c o v i g v n m c a o
s d e u c u t e a m o d e l t
u o t t a z c o r o n a n y s
s u o i c s n o c o a r t s t
c t s o c i e t y a g w r i a
c e t n u d a v i d r i i s t
c i s a a c n e w t o n c u e
1. Copernicus - Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician,
astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun
rather than Earth at its center.
2. Freud - Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a
clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies explained as originating in conflicts in the
psyche, through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
3. Revolution - the movement of an object in a circular or elliptical course around another or
about an axis or center.
4. Evolution - Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over
successive generations.
5. Society - the aggregate of people living together in an ordered community.
6. Isaac Newton - Sir Isaac Newton PRS was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer,
alchemist, theologian, and author, widely recognized as one of the greatest mathematicians and
physicists and among the most influential scientists of all time.
7. Heliocentric - having or representing the sun as the center, as in the accepted astronomical
model of the solar system.
8. Psychoanalysis - a type of treatment based on the theory that our present is shaped by our
past.
9. Super ego - the ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards by
which the ego operates.
10. State - a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one
government.

STUDY GUIDE 4
Learning Activity 1
1. Different contributions and influences on science and technology made a mark during the
different time periods in Philippine history. Give these important influences and how they
contributed to the development of science and technology in the country.
Historical Contribution/s Importance
Period
Pre-colonial Folk science and indigenous indigenous science includes complex arrays
period knowledge. of knowledge, expertise, practices, and
representations derived from traditional
knowledge and practices that guide human
societies in their numerable interactions with
the natural milieu, such as astronomy,
metallurgy, agriculture, medicine, food
technology, naming and explaining natural
phenomena, and strategies for coping with
changing environments.
Spanish Early science education Colonization by the Spaniards provided the
 colonial focused on the human body,
period plants, animals, and heavenly
bodies. Early technology
education focused on the use
and development of tools for
everyday life.
American Established the public
colonial education system and created a
period Department of Public
Instruction in 1901.
Post-colonial Building institutions and public Improving science and technology. One way
period facilities such as schools,
hospitals, and transportation
systems as well as providing
technological training and
human resource development.
Philippines with modern means of
construction. In terms of engineering,
Spaniards introduced town planning and
building with materials such as bricks and
tiles. Because of this, churches, hospitals,
and other public buildings were built
To train teachers, as well as other
professional and technical schools.
Industrial and vocational courses were
offered but were not preferred by Filipinos
at the time and choosing career paths that
led to what they perceive as more
prestigious jobs was preferred.
is through the use of Overseas Development
Allocations (ODA) to help in scientific
productivity and technological capability.

2. Enumerate the different government policies pertaining to science and technology. Which do
you think has the biggest contributions to the nation building?
 Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance
 Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and
Mathematics
 Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
 Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry
-The biggest contribution of them all is the Social Sciences, Humanities,
Education, International Policies and Governance because without the proper
education then the other 3 policies will not be possible.

3. Identify science schools established to promote science education in the Philippines. Which do
you think has the best vision and mission? Why?
o PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL SYSTEMS (PSHSS)
o SPECIAL SCIENCE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS (SSES) PROJECT
o QUEZON CITY REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
o MANILA SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
o CENTRAL VISAYAN INSTITUTE FOUNDATION
-The best mission and vision is the Manila Science High School because
they are not just pointing about the students, but also their staff and
management.
4. Match the names of famous Filipinos in the field of Science in column A to their contributions
in column B
Column A
A 1. CAESAR A. SALOMA
F 2. EDGARDO GOMEZ
J 3. ENRIQUE MAPUA OSTREA JR.
I 4. FABIAN MILLAR DAYRIT
C 5. GREGORY LIGOT TANGONAN
D 6. JOSE BEJAR CRUZ JR.
E 7. LILIAN FORMALEJO PATENA
H 8. LOURDES JANSUY CRUZ
G 9. MARI-JO PANGANIBAN RUIZ
Column B
A. photonics and signal processing
B. flower induction of mango trees
C. communications technology
D. automatic control
E. seedless breed of lime and pomelo
F. giant clam breeding stationed in Bolinao
G. outstanding educator and graph theorist
H. effects of conotoxins on the central
nervous system
I. phytochemical work for the development of
lagundi
J. neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal
drug addiction
K. coconut chemistry
L. commercial fabrication of high yielding
market-size tilapia

B 10. RAMON CABANOS BARBA

5. Discuss the concept indigenous science and its contribution in the development of science and
technology in the Philippines.
- Indigenous peoples have made significant contributions to science and the development of
numerous technologies throughout history. The quest of knowledge is science. The methods
used to obtain the information vary by culture.

STUDY GUIDE 5

Learning Activity 1: Reflection

Now that you have learned what a Heidegger’s view on modern technology is and the issues that
surround it, we can now ask now to relate how these ideas relate to our own ideas of technology.
To do so, write a Reflection Paper and make sure to answer the following questions:
1. In your own opinion, what is the essence of technology? Do you view technology in a
positive, negative, or neutral manner? Why do you have this view?
- In my opinion, the core of technology, as Heidegger considers it, is largely a matter
of contemporary and industrial technology. Technology in and of itself is innocuous.
However, depending on the effects on humans, the way technology is employed may
be neutral or not neutral.
 2. Do you agree with Heidegger’s view on the essence of technology? Why or why not?
- I disagree with Martin Heidegger's argument that technology should only be
viewed as one of many ways to experience reality. Technology will never expose or
discern any truth, whether it is for moral truth, fairness, honesty, moderation,
courage, or ethics.

3. What are the dangers of modern technology?

- Social media and mobile devices can cause psychological and physical problems,
such as eyestrain and difficulties concentrating on crucial tasks. They may also lead
to more significant health issues like depression.

4. What should humanity do to avoid the dangers of modern technology?

- By limiting the use of electronic devices such as smartphones, laptops, tablets, the
internet, and so on.

STUDY GUIDE 6

Learning Activity 1: Reflection

Before continuing on this Module, let us try to reflect on the following questions to help us get
ready for this Module.

1. What, in your opinion, does it mean for a country or individual to be deemed “developed” or
“flourishing”?
- Flourishing can be defined as a state in which all aspects of a person's life are positive.
Such a state could also be referred to as complete human well-being, which is a larger term
than psychological well-being.

2. What is your measure or standard for you to be able to determine if one is flourishing or
developing?
- Enjoyment and satisfaction with life, physical and mental health, meaning and purpose,
character and virtue, and strong social ties are all included in the "Flourish" measure.

3. Why do you think other countries are developed while others are not?
- Physical issues include unfriendly or challenging terrain in some locations. This can make
growth more challenging. Extremely hot weather or lack of water climates are examples of
this, making it difficult to cultivate enough food. Economic issues - some countries are
heavily in debt. Higher productivity leads to faster economic growth, and faster growth
permits a country to rise out of poverty.
4. For a long time, many developing countries such as the Philippines made to become more
developed. What hinders these countries in attaining the level of development of other countries?
Do you think we would be able to become a developed country?
-Inadequate capital accumulation due to a savings gap. Foreign currency imbalance and
capital flight. Corruption, bad governance, and the aftermath of civil conflict. Population
concerns. I would say yes, the Philippines, as a democratic country, has the potential to
achieve first-world status if both the government and the population collaborate on both
social and economic growth.

5. Is being a developed country really important? Why or why not?

- Economic development is a vital component that drives economic growth in an economy
by establishing new job possibilities and supporting an enhanced quality of life for current
and future citizens, which includes expanded access to opportunities produced by economic
growth.

Learning Activity 2: Video Analysis

After watching the documentary and reflecting on its connection to human flourishing, write a
300 -500-word analysis of the documentary by answer the following questions:

1. What is scientism? Why was Lewis against it?

- Scientism is the belief that in order to be rational, all types of intellectual investigation
must correspond to the model of science. However, the term "scientism" is derogatory: no
one who shares the viewpoint in question will refer to it as such. Lewis is opposed to
scientism, which holds that current science is the sole reliable source of information about
our surrounds and the world, and that scientists should be the ones to dictate our policy
and even our moral convictions.

2. Science was compared science to magic in three ways: as religion, as credulity, and as power.
Explain his comparison for each case.
a) as religion
- Religion is present everywhere and has an impact on all aspects of life. Because
science can operate as an alternative to religion. One distinction between science
and religion is that science is concerned with the natural world, whereas religion is
concerned with the supernatural realm and its relationship to the natural.
b) as credulity
- He saw that most of the time, when people heard that something was claimed in the
name of science, they believed it. Even though no explanations or facts exist to
support it. He only intended to express that before believing, we need learn more
about it and establish its veracity.
c) as power
- He saw that most of the time, when people heard that something was claimed in the
name of science, they believed it. Even though no explanations or facts exist to
 support it. He only intended to express that before believing, we need learn more
about it and establish its veracity.

3. Based on what you have learned in the documentary film, what is the presented principle of
modernity and its values in the magician’s twin?
- Because magic fails, science is considerably more dangerous than magic. If it does not
function, people will not be able to use it to control other people or the globe while science
has the potential. You can manipulate them if you locate the correct charge and treatment.
The heart of modernity is that "nothing is sacred," and one of the consequences is the
human person.

4. How does scientism threaten the human person thriving in science and technology? Why
should science adhere to a moral basis that is not dictated by science itself?
- Because scientocracy is an attempt to give over cultural and political authority to an elite
group of specialists purporting to speak in the name of science. We can't promise that if we
give it to them, they won't use it to get what they want. Following the scientific ethic
ensures that data obtained during research is accurate and that interpretations are rational
and valid, allowing a scientist's work to become part of the expanding body of scientific
knowledge.

STUDY GUIDE 7

Learning Activity 1: Reflection

Now that you have learned what a good life is and how to achieve it according to Aristotle, we
can now ask now relate how these ideas relate to progress and science and technology. To do so,
write a Reflection Paper and make sure to answer the following questions:
1. What is a good life? Does your idea of good, happiness, a good person, and a good life the
same as Aristotle’s idea of these? Why or why not?
- Based on Aristotle, good life is an excellent, flourishing, happy life and that the good life
can only be achieved by people with exceptional character who have taken excellent care to
develop their virtues. Yes, my idea of good, happiness, a good person, and a good life the
same as Aristotle’s idea because when Aristotle refers to the good life as the pleasant life,
he does not suggest that it is just a state of being pleased or amused. The active life of
functioning properly in those ways that are vital and unique to humans is the good life for a
person.

2. How do you plan to achieve a good life?

- Happiness is the first and, in my opinion, most vital quality of a good life. Nobody will
advise you to be happy; you must seek it out for yourself. When you're joyful, you feel like
you have the freedom to do, say, and go wherever you choose. When you are happy, you see
the positive in everything, and you will be pleasant to your coworkers or classmates. You
will make more friends if you are pleased. You will be happy if you have more pals. It's as
if we're in a positive cycle.

3. What practical advice did you learn from Aristotle on how to live a virtuous life?
- Rather than thinking and instruction, I learned moral goodness mostly via habit and
practice. Virtue is defined as having the proper attitude toward hardship and pleasure. A
coward, for example, will experience excessive fear in the face of danger, but a rash person
will experience insufficient fear.

4. How is moving towards a good life the same as moving towards progress in science and
technology?
- The technological advancement was to produce a beautiful, agreeable, and comfortable
atmosphere in which to live. There is clear evidence of moral breakdown in people and
society as a result of the lack of advancement in internal knowledge of religion in modern
times. People have yet to learn to know and comprehend God. They remain in the world of
belief and myth rather than an actual relationship with our creator. That is why Divine
Principles were revealed at this time in order for meaningful progress to be made in both
areas. So, the best solution is to study the Divine Principles, and the solution is there.

5. Does science and technology advancement always lead to a good life? Why or why not? Cite
examples to illustrate your point.
- Yes, technology has always made our lives better, but it also has the ability to make our
lives worse. Individuals have a predisposition to pursue and bring pleasure to themselves
through creation and technological developments. Technology facilitates our job and allows
us to accomplish more.

then, people could not use it to

control other people or possibly
the world while science
has the potential. If you find the
right charge, the right treatment,
you can manipulate
them
Science is far more dangerous
than magic because magic fails.
If it does not work
then, people could not use it to
control other people or possibly
the world while science
has the potential. If you find the
right charge, the right treatment,
you can manipulate
them
Science is far more dangerous
than magic because magic fails.
If it does not work
then, people could not use it to
control other people or possibly
the world while science
has the potential. If you find the
right charge, the right treatment,
you can manipulate
th Science is far more dangerous than magic because magic fails. If it does not work then,
people could not use it to control other people or possibly the world while science has the
potential. If you find the right charge, the right treatment, you can manipulate them