Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Golden Country Homes, Alangilan Batangas City, Batangas, Philippines 4200
Tel Nos.: (+63 43) 425-0139 local 2121 / 2221
E-mail Address: ceafa@g.batstate-u.edu.ph | Website Address: http://www.batstate-u.edu.ph

College of Engineering – Department of Chemical Engineering

Project C2: CONVERSATION CONSERVATIONS

“A Stride to Conserve and Preserve Our Environment Through Sustainable Education”

A Narrative Report Presented to

Engr. Nico John Rosaldo Abratique, M. Engg

Instructor

In Partial Fulfillment
Of Requirements for

ENGG 413 – Environmental Science and Engineering

By:

Garcia, Mariden Mae S.

21-09591
ChE 2201

May 00, 2023

Second Semester
S.Y. 2022-2023

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 Republic Act No. 8749: Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

As a part of Bluer than Blue Project, a webinar titled Project C2: Conversation
Conservations "A Stride to Conserve and Preserve Our Environment Through Sustainable
Education" was offered and brought about by the Association of Food Engineering Students
(AFES) on April 15, 2023, Saturday, in the Gymnasium at the Batangas State University -
Alangilan Campus. The Junior Philippine Institute of Chemical Engineers - Batangas State
University (JPIChE - BatStateU), the Junior Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers (JIEE -
BatStateU Chapter), as well as the Association of Food Engineering Students (AFES)
themselves were among the three (3) organizations attended and constituted in the webinar's
audience. The promotion of sustainability in order to protect, preserve, and conserve the
environment for the future generation was the webinar's main agenda and advocacy.
To officially start the webinar, invocation and the singing of the national anthem was
performed. This is immediately followed by the opening remarks of the Program Chair of the
Food Engineering Department, Engr. Nico John R. Abratique. In his introductory speech, he
stated that a song with the same title that he happened to be listening to while riding a jeep
gave him the inspiration for the Bluer than Blue Project's subject and concept. At the conclusion
of his address, he also offered some insightful wisdom that greatly moved some of the students.
He asserted that "resources come from the environment, and we couldn't exist without it." “Let's
keep loving the nature”, he continued, "because they never stopped loving us." After this
speech, Engr. Reggie C. Magnaye, the Department's Program Chair for Chemical Engineering
delivered an uplifting and motivating message. As future professionals who can benefit and
bring change to our society and the environment, he offered some encouraging words and
adviced to keep fighting, reach for our dreams, and be a catalyst of change.
Meanwhile, to officially start the talk, the Internal vice President of AFES, Ms. Hannah
Brynelle Pelo, did the honor of introducing the first speaker. Engr. Kris Cacao graduated from
Batangas State University and is a licensed chemical engineer as well as licensed chemical
technician with professional experience in climate change and sustainability, engineering
production, process design, and chemical testing and analysis. The topic of his presentation is
all about “RA 8749 Philippine Clean Air Act: An Act Providing for a Comprehensive Pollution
Control Policy and Other Purposes." He started out his discussion by posing the seemingly easy
but incredibly challenging question, "Can you make a difference?" On the other hand, he
claimed that most of the audience may be able to respond to this question for themselves by the
end of the session.
The issue of air pollution is one of the most significant modern problems, one that affects
not only the Philippines but the entire world. This is a result of the rapidly advancing technology
that creates useful tools, which in turn affects the quality of the air. The Philippine Clean Air Act
of 1999, also known as RA 8749, was put into effect to balance and lessen this issue. The Act
acknowledges that air pollution significantly affects the economy, the environment, and the
public health. Thus, this law aims to maintain and preserve the nation's air quality by regulating
emissions from both stationary and mobile sources. As part of this, emission regulations for new
cars are established, old car imports are controlled, and regular emissions testing for operating

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cars is mandated. Additionally, it requires the use of less polluting fuels like low sulfur diesel and
gasoline. The Act also encourages the use of public transportation and offers incentives for the
adoption of alternative fuel cars, both of which help lower automobile emissions. Other than
that, this also includes manufacturing sites, power plants, and other industrial establishments
that release pollutants such as fine particles, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide. Furthermore,
the Act establishes emission levels for each of these pollutants and mandates that regulated
establishments either implement cleaner manufacturing techniques or build pollution control
equipment in order to meet these standards.
To give emphasis and weight to this law, the Philippine Clean Air Act provides fines and
consequences for non-compliance. As the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR) has the authority to carry out inspections and close facilities that aren't compliant,
infractions can result in penalties, imprisonment, and the loss of commercial licenses. In
addition, it offers citizen lawsuits to hold non-compliant facilities responsible. With this, Engr.
Cacao stressed the value of abiding by environmental rules and policies from both a moral and
legal stance as well as a pragmatic one. He highlighted that following nature's rules and laws
might influence and impact the whole chemical industry. On the other hand, taking steps to
improve communication quality can result in more effective and durable operations. Compliance
may lead to savings and improved relationships with company partners and clients, whereas
noncompliance may result in sanctions, lawsuits, and reputational damage.
Engr. Cacao mentioned that RA 8740 had 56 sections, 9 articles, and 7 chapters.
Although the entire components were discussed as swiftly and briefly as possible, it was
skillfully done to highlight the important aspects of each. In the first chapter, the Clean Air Act's
goals and parameters, as well as the terminology used throughout the law, are specified. The
title, policy statement, objectives, and scope of applicability of the law are all contained in this
section 1 of the Act. The state's policy, as stated in Section 1, is to safeguard and enhance the
nation's air resources. On the contrary, section 2 outlines the Act's objectives, which encompass
advancing public health and safety, maintaining and safeguarding the environment, and
minimizing air pollution emissions while section 3 designates the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (DENR) as the primary agency in charge of carrying out and enforcing
the Act's requirements. Additionally, it designates the Environmental Management Bureau
(EMB) as the department within the DENR in responsibility of developing and carrying out air
pollution mitigation plans and strategies. Section 4 of the Act specifies key terms including "air
pollution," "emission," and "stationary source," whereas Section 5 outlines the prohibited actions
that cause air pollution. These involve burning any material that could lead to air pollution,
releasing gases or particles above allowed limits, and utilizing tools or equipment that could lead
to air pollution above permitted restrictions. Penalties for individuals or corporations who violate
the Act's rules are also listed in this paragraph.
The second chapter, "Air Quality Management," is devoted to controlling and managing
air pollution. It is broken down into the following articles, which the speaker discusses: Article 1
develops the concept of air pollution and the significance of suitable air quality management in
ensuring human health and the environment; Article 2, centering on Sections 16–18 in which
these articles go over the goals and strategies for air quality management, such as the creation

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of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, Air Quality Control Regions, emissions inventories,
and air quality monitoring; and Article 3, outlining the roles and responsibilities of the
government and the general public in managing air quality, including developing plans for
managing it, raising public awareness, and promoting clean technologies and practices.
Moreover, Article 4 focuses on the control of air pollution sources such industrial facilities,
transportation, and energy production. It outlines the requirements for permits, pollution control
methods, and data reporting. Meanwhile, Article 5 establishes a system for enforcing and
penalizing violations of air quality laws, such as fines, permit suspensions, and criminal
prosecutions, to which in the talk was concentrated on the section 24 and 25 of the articles. It
indicates permit requirements, pollution control technology, and data reporting requirements.
Engr. Cacao also went through Chapter 3: Emissions Criteria, where he establishes
emission standards for different automobile models, fuels, and industries and calls for regular
vehicle upkeep to ensure that these standards are met. He also run through the Chapter 4: Air
Quality Impact Assessment, which is the next chapter, mandates environmental impact studies
for significant development projects that might have an impact on air quality. On the contrary,
Chapter 5: Enforcement and Compliance, discusses the penalties for breaking the Clean Air Act
as well as the obligations of public and private organizations to uphold the law. Following that is
Chapter 6: Funding and Incentives that discusses various funding and incentive mechanisms to
support the implementation of the Clean Air Act, such as the establishment of airshed funds and
the imposition of fees on air pollutants. Conversely, the government is instructed to conduct
research and development activities in Chapter 7: Research and Development to improve air
quality management, and lastly, Chapter 8: Final Provisions which contains various provisions
such as rules for incorporating air quality concerns into land use planning and zoning as well as
the creation of a Clean Air Trust Fund.
In addition to providing an overview and background of the act, as well as underlining
the importance of taking steps to strengthen and uphold the environmental laws and
regulations, Engr. Cacao also mentioned that the Philippine Clean Air Act has encountered
numerous difficulties. The DENR's insufficient and inadequate resources and technical
expertise to efficiently administer its rules is one of the major obstacles. Another issue is the
industry's reluctance to embrace cleaner production technology since doing so would be
expensive, especially for small and medium-sized businesses. Despite these difficulties, the
Philippine Clean Air Act has significantly improved the air quality in the nation. Particularly in
metropolitan areas, the DENR has observed a drop in the number of contaminants in the air.
The Act has also increased public awareness of the value of clean air, which has encouraged
the adoption of a few air pollution reduction strategies.
The speaker additionally provided some trivia, one of which was that the Philippines was
the first country to forbid garbage disposal through incineration. Most of the audience had to
concur that the passage of this provision was a disappointment, particularly since garbage
incinerations are still common in most rural areas, particularly those that are located far from
their municipalities' metropolitan centers. In the concluding portion of Engr. Cacao's speech, he
emphasized three sustainability mindsets, including the proverbs "we all have a role to play",
"we must move from do no harm to do good", and "we must move from linear value chains to

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circular value chains". He uses these ideas to define and deal with the environmental crisis and
calls for cooperation among businesses, governments, non-governmental organizations, and
citizens. This is also to conduct ourselves in manners evoking positivity to revive and
replenish the environment, and lastly, to cut waste through modifying lifestyle from being
indifferent to being mindful of things to wear, to buy, and such.
After finishing the talk and responding to some of the audience's questions, the speaker
was presented with a Certificate of Appreciation issued by the students of the Association of
Food Engineering Students (AFES), ending the first part of the program. With that, the
audience, especially the engineering students had learned new things, gained knowledge, and
acquired a great wisdom that they can treasure.

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 Philippine Water Act and Water Quality Management

As the afternoon session of the Project C2: Conversation Conservations "A Stride to
Conserve and Preserve Our Environment Through Sustainable Education" begins, another
speaker was invited to speak and talk about another subject which is wastewater management.
However, before proceeding to the actual and formal speech, some Food Engineering students
performed a production number to uplift the mood as well as to energize the crowd. Right after
the performance, AFES Business Manager, Ms. Jessarence Biscocho, introduced Engr. Lai
Heinrich Medrano as the second speaker. He works in Maynilad as a water-quality engineer and
believed in the saying, "With great water comes great responsibility." In his presentation
prepared for the audience, he focused on discussing the rules and regulations for the protection
and conservation of diverse water bodies. He also further deepens the participants'
comprehension of the numerous strategies used to avoid, lessen, and counteract the harmful
impacts of water contamination on all parties concerned.
In the introductory part of his speech, he stated that health, environment, and economy
are the three areas that lack of a functioning sewage system was stated to have an impact on.
In connection, Engr. Medrano enumerated some of the common diseases caused by having an
inadequate sewage system. First on the list is leptospirosis which is a type of bacterial infection
that is frequently transmitted from animals to humans. This is followed by hepatitis A, a type of
liver infection and diarrhea, which is defined as loose, watery stools that occur more frequently
than usual. These are just a few of the effects of poor water management and water pollution. In
addition, it was reported in 2011 that there was an outflow of more than 450 tons of sewage at
River Thomes in the UK. This, combined with the warm, dry weather and low river flows, led to
fish deaths on the river. Ineffective sewage systems also contaminated 58% of the nation's
groundwater in 2009 as a result of infectious waste from unhygienic septic tanks, wastewater
discharge from industry, and runoff from agricultural fields and dumpsites, according to an Asian
Development Bank report. Furthermore, the Philippines suffers an annual economic loss of
roughly PhP 77.8 billion as a result of poor sanitation. It is important to pay attention to adequate
wastewater treatment, and Membrane Technology is one of the innovations that can assist to
address this problem and allow every Filipino access to clean and safe drinking water.
Engr. Medrano mentioned that this membrane technology is so effective at eliminating
diseases and contaminants from water sources. He also noted that it has grown in favor in the
water industry. Using this technology, Maynilad, one of the major water suppliers in the
Philippines, has been able to give its customers with access to clean, safe water. Other than
that, he also introduces additional wastewater systems, most notably the Maynilad system. The
speaker went on to say that Maynilad used three different techniques to disinfect water:
chlorination, sodium hydrochloride usage, and UV light. After that, the lecturer showed two
examples of each of the two different wastewater system designs. The initial wastewater system
begins with the septic tank directly receiving water from the household, which is then sent to the
receiving bodies of water through the sewage system. As opposed to the second method, which
entails removing unhealthy sludge from Maynilad's septic tank so that it can be returned to the
tank. The septage treatment plant is where the sludge must be treated. Here, the water is

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broken down to remove the smell and produce dicentric water, which would help to lessen the
need for more water production. A third party in the factory or company, Green Horizon, gathers
the leftovers and turns them into fertilizer. The remainder of the Class C fluent water is sent
through sanitary facilities before being returned to the water bodies, where it will precipitate and
eventually find its way to the dam. To ensure that the water used by customers in Maynilad is
not exclusively made from treated wastewater, processed water, also known as dicentric water,
is added to the water supply. For high-density residential areas, however, people must approve
the mixing of pure water and treated water. However, despite the use of modern filtration
technology, water supplies can still be contaminated from a variety of sources. Untreated
sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff are some of these sources. This led to the
passage of Republic Act 9275, often known as the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004.
The Philippine Water Act, also known as Republic Act No. 9275, is a significant piece of
legislation with the objective of managing and conserving the nation's water resources. The law,
which was passed in March 2004, acknowledges that water is a limited resource that is vital to
human survival and growth. Consequently, it must be responsibly and sustainably managed.
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) has been designated as the
lead agency in the law's implementation, one of the many sections of the Water Act. It is the
responsibility of the DENR to make sure that water quality standards are established and
always upheld. Regulation of water quality is an important component of The Philippine Water
Act. The law mandates the implementation of water quality standards to guarantee that water
resources are suitable for recreational activities, human consumption, and other uses. It calls for
the evaluation and monitoring of water quality as well as the creation of projects and programs
to deal with problems related to water quality. Although the Philippines is renowned for having
an abundance of water resources, water quality has long been a major concern. The
degradation of water quality has been exacerbated by water contamination from home,
agricultural, and industrial sources. The Water Act establishes a framework for the regulation of
water quality to address this problem.
As a loyal employee of Maynilad, Engr. Medrano also mentioned that in order to
minimize and cope with pollution from land-based sources, Maynilad also uses a range of
pollution control techniques, including the treatment of home and industrial wastewater, solid
waste management, and regular facility inspections to assess their environmental impact. In
order to enforce water quality rules, regulating organizations like the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (DENR) routinely assess and monitor the water quality of various bodies
of water. Contrarily, violating water quality regulations and legislation, the government may
impose fines and other penalties. The fact that Maynilad pays the government for discharging
wastewater into bodies of water, as underlined by Medrano, astonished the attendee because
the effluent is Class C and is treated before discharging. Imagine Maynilad having to pay to
release the wastewater after cleaning it and allocating funds for its treatment. In addition, failure
to pay these bills on time could result in paying $1 million per day. Additionally, a letter from the
DENR that classified water bodies according to their intended uses—including recreational,
agricultural, and aquaculture—was used in the discussion. This classification aims to ensure
that water bodies are protected and utilized appropriately. This category is separated into

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Classes A, B, C, and so forth. This categorization is based on Classes A, B, C, and so forth. In
addition, he provides some information about the steps involved in becoming a pollution control
officer, noting that becoming a certified pollution control officer necessitates years of
professional experience, additional training, and attendance at seminars. It is not as easy as
one may believe, though, because failure to perform the task could lead to problems like a court
case, fines, and other things.
In conclusion, the adoption of RA 9275 and the employment of cutting-edge
technologies by Maynilad and other water firms have improved the quality of the country's water
sources. Nevertheless, ongoing labor and compliance to regulations and standards are
necessary, not only from well-known businesses like Maynilad but also from customers like us,
in order to ensure the preservation and repair of the nation's water resources for future
generations.
After finishing the talk and responding to some of the audience's questions, the speaker
was presented with a Certificate of Appreciation issued by the students of the Association of
Food Engineering Students (AFES), ending the first talk of the afternoon session. With that, the
audience, especially the engineering students had learned new things, gained knowledge, and
acquired a great wisdom that they can treasure.

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 RA 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act

For the continuation of Project C2: Conversation Conservations "A Stride to Conserve
and Preserve Our Environment Through Sustainable Education", AFES Assistant Secretary, Mr.
Emanuel Marasigan, introduced the third speaker, Engr. Diosa Marie Aguila-Aguirre, who
graduated from the University of the Philippines Diliman with a bachelor’s degree in
metallurgical engineering back in 2011. She is currently pursuing a PhD in Environmental
Engineering there as well and at the same time, she is also a lecturer at Batangas State
University and a Technical Consultant for Green Development Sustainable Solutions Inc. Her
talk focuses on RA 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, which is very
relevant as inappropriate waste management is still a major issue on the globe today despite
the existence of a side-by-side seminar addressing it. On the other hand, from the perspective
of an engineering student, the talk is a great help and motivation to generate technology or
discoveries that benefit our institution, our home, and our world in the near future. Other than
that, this also serves as an eye-opener and reminder to everyone how it is significant to adhere
to the laws, norms, and regulations relating to solid waste.
Solid waste includes non-hazardous agricultural waste, street sweeping, building waste,
non-hazardous institutional and industrial garbage, and other non-hazardous or non-toxic
wastes. This also contains scraps, which is defined as undesired or useless materials.
According to statistics, each person produces more than half a kilo of rubbish every day, and
more than 36,000 tons of waste are produced daily in the entire country. Additionally, it was
claimed that Php 3.61 billion would be saved if recyclables and biodegradables were sorted at
the point of origin rather than ending up on landfills which equals a 95% cost reduction. On top
of that, the efficiency of home solid waste collection is currently around 73%.
Engr. Aguila-Aguirre introduced RA 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management Act as a
law that establishes an ecological solid waste management program, creates the institutional
framework and financial incentives that are required, outlaw specific behaviors, and provides
penalties, allocating money as a result, and for other uses. It was further noted that this act
offers the necessary legal framework for all social groups to develop and carry out an ecological
solid waste management (ESWM) program. The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act was
enacted on January 26 and went into effect on February 16 of that same year. In addition,
pursuant to Section 37, on February 16, 2004, it was mentioned that all open dumpsites should
have been sealed or transformed to Controlled Disposal Facilities, and then on February 16,
2006, it was indicated that all Controlled Disposal Facilities shall be deemed closed and phased
out after two years. It was also brought up that DENR Administrative Order No. 2001-34, which
deals with RA 9003 Implementing Rules and Regulations. Aside from that, the law aims to
establish an efficient waste management system that will reduce waste production, increase
recycling, and reduce waste contamination. The regulation places a strong emphasis on waste
segregation and mandates that households segregate their trash into biodegradable and non-
biodegradable components. To lessen the amount of waste that ends up in landfills, it also

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promotes composting and recycling of goods. The law also specifies how hazardous waste
should be disposed of, as well as how to govern dumping sites and sanitary landfills.
With all the above mentioned, Engr. Aguila-Aguirre stressed how crucial it is for
everyone to comprehend solid waste management in order to save the ecosystem and attain
sustainability. The reduction of pollution and the promotion of cleaner, healthier surroundings
can both be aided by the implementation of an efficient solid waste management system. She
gave actual instances of municipalities that had solid waste management systems in place and
their beneficial effects on the environment. She also underlined the importance of considering
the effects of industrial activities on the environment and developing sustainable practices.
Additionally, according to Engr. Aguila-Aguirre, chemical engineers are crucial to solid waste
management, especially in the design and optimization of systems that limit waste production
and promote recycling.
Institutional Structure was another topic also covered by the speaker. This topic focuses
on the institutions engaged in the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act and their various
functions. The entities that are engaged in this field are the National Solid Waste Management
Commission, which is in charge of formulating policies, the DENR-EMB-NSWMC/S, which is in
charge of providing technical assistance and enforcing laws, the Local Government Units, which
are in charge of carrying out the implementation, the waste generators, and the citizens, each of
whom is also accountable for the solid waste they produce on an individual basis. Moreover, it
was also mentioned that some of the developments being implemented in accordance with the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act encompass the restriction toward the usage of open
dumps for solid waste and the enactment of MRF in every Barangay. Subsequently, it was
indicated in the speaker's presentation that in 2016, the world generated 242 million metric tons
of plastic waste, which is comparable to 24 trillion plastic bottles and weighs 3.4 million adult
blue whales.
Also, Engr. Aguila-Aguirre proudly stated that Batangas State University won three
prizes in the Region IV-A - College Category, including the Regional Overall Winner, Energy
Leadership Award, and Nestle Water Leadership Award, making it the Most Sustainable and
Eco-Friendly School. A further statistic she provided was that just 9% of all plastic ever created
was recycled, 12% was burned, and 79% landed up in landfills or the environment. As an
outcome, Republic Act No. 9003, popularly known as the Ecological Act of 2000, was amended
by the Extended Producer Responsibility Act of 2022 (RA 11898), which enforces broader
producer responsibility and accountability on waste plastic packaging.
In wrapping up the speech, participants have received education from Aguila-Aguirre
regarding the value of ecological solid waste management in promoting environmental
preservation and sustainable living. Important topics including proper trash division, recycling,
and disposal were clear to the attendees. They learned from the presentation how important
chemical engineers are to the industry's adoption of waste reduction initiatives. The audience is
significantly affected by the presentation, and it is motivated to act to attain sustainability in each
of their own regions.
After finishing the talk and responding to some of the audience's questions, the speaker
was presented with a Certificate of Appreciation issued by the students of the Association of

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Food Engineering Students (AFES), ending the second talk of the afternoon session. With that,
the audience, especially the engineering students had learned new things, gained knowledge,
and acquired a great wisdom that they can treasure.
Sustainability in Production Systems: FE, ChE, and EE

As the project hosted by the Association of Food Engineering Students (AFES) entitled
"A Stride to Conserve and Preserve Our Environment Through Sustainable Education" was
about to come to an end, AFES President, Mr. Renz Sydney Mendoza, introduced the final
speaker, Engr. Edgardo Titus, Jr. He is a CIE and a member of Batangas State University's
(BatStateU-NEU) Education and Partnership Center for Innovation and Engineering Education.
He spoke to all the audiences who were students enrolled in the programs about Sustainability
in Production Systems: FE, ChE, and EE.
Engr. Kaalim started his talk by emphasizing that as future engineers, SDGs (United
Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals) should always be taken into consideration in any
projects that will be developed. In his perspective, engineering students, like the attendees,
needed to be educated on SDG 12 as their fields are connected to production and consumption
patterns that have a bearing on the environment and society. This kind of program can assist
engineering students in learning about this matter. According to him, SDG 12: Responsible
Consumption and Production aims to ensure that sustainable patterns of consumption and
production are followed in order to improve resource use, energy efficiency, sustainable
infrastructure, access to essential services, sustainable employment, and a greater standard of
life for all. It was also said that the actualization of a 10-year framework of projects on
sustainable patterns of consumption and production is one of the 11 goals that the UN says
must be achieved by 2030. Some implementation goals were also outlined in the discussion to
achieve aiding developing nations in enhancing their technological and scientific capabilities;
creating and putting into use tools to track the effects of sustainable development; and
elimination of market distortions that promote wasteful consumption.
In the presentation of Engr. Kaalim, the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 has
eight (8) main goals and these are the following:
1. All countries will have adopted the 10-year framework of programs on sustainable
consumption and production patterns, with developed nations leading the way.
2. All countries will have adopted the 10-year framework of programs on sustainable
consumption and production patterns, with developed nations leading the way and to
track progress, indicators measuring material footprint, which is the amount of
material extraction required to meet a country's consumption, and domestic material
consumption will be used.
3. Cut global per capita food waste at the retail and consumer levels in half by 2030,
and to reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-
harvest losses.
4. Significantly reduce the release of wastes and chemicals into the air, water, and soil
while achieving environmentally sound management of all wastes and chemicals
throughout their life cycles in accordance with established international frameworks.

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 5. Aims to significantly reduce waste generation by 2030 through prevention, reduction,
recycling, and reuse which all food produce also spoils annually as a result of
consumers and transportation.
6. Encourage companies to adopt sustainable practices and include sustainability data
in their reporting cycle, with the number of companies publishing sustainability
reports as one indicator and this is especially important for large, international
companies.
7. Advance environmentally friendly public procurement practices, the indicator for this
target is the extent to which sustainable public procurement policies and action plans
—which include objectives like sustainable, green, and socially responsible
procurement—are put into practice while the limitation of this indicator is that
different countries may interpret and gauge these objectives in various ways.
8. Promote sustainable lifestyles by ensuring that people have access to relevant
information and are aware of sustainable development. Indicator 12.8.1 measures
the extent to which global citizenship education and education for sustainable
development are incorporated into national educational policies, curricula, programs
for teacher preparation, and student evaluation.

The speaker also covered the means of achieving these goals, including the creation
and execution of resources to monitor sustainable tourism, which reinforces local economies,
and assisting developing countries in enhancing their technological and scientific capacity to
adopt sustainable production and consumption practices, with installed renewable energy
generating capacity in developing countries per capita serving as the indicator for this goal.
Other than that, Engr. Kaalim also stated that preparing the next generation of
individuals as well as aspiring professionals to have the desire to work diligently to improve the
world is one of the greatest ways to reach and acquire the SDGs' stated goals and targets.
Additionally, he mentioned some of the difficulties every field faced in reaching sustainability.
First, Chemical Engineering: Green Chemistry, which focuses on developing chemical
processes and products that are safe, energy-efficient, and environmentally beneficial while also
aiming to reduce waste creation, consumption, and generation of potentially dangerous
compounds. The second is food engineering: Sustainable food processing involves using
equipment and methods that reduce waste, conserve energy and water, and use less toxic and
damaging chemicals in the preparation of food. It also stresses the incorporation of locally
sourced ingredients and eco-friendly packaging. Lastly, Electrical Engineering: Renewable
Energy Generation, which involves designing and implementing systems for generating
electricity from renewable resources, like solar, wind, or hydropower. As opposed to fossil fuel-
based electricity generation, these systems have less of a detrimental effect on the environment
and can lower greenhouse gas. Hence, with all the mentioned above, engineers play a big and
great role which is why the value and principle must be completely instill within them.
After finishing the talk and responding to some of the audience's questions, the speaker
was presented with a Certificate of Appreciation issued by the students of the Association of
Food Engineering Students (AFES), ending the final and last talk of the project. With that, the

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audience, especially the engineering students had learned new things, gained knowledge, and
acquired a great wisdom that they can treasure.
Following the presentations by all the guest speakers as well as the final production
number, the Association of Food Engineering Students (AFES) adviser gave her closing
remarks and expressed her gratitude to everyone who helped make this program a success as
well as to the entire audience that took part in watching this program. The Association of Food
Engineering Students (AFES) webinar titled Project C 2: Conversation Conservations "A Stride
to Conserve and Preserve Our Environment Through Sustainable Education" came to an end
with that, leaving Batangas State University Gymnasium stuffed with applauds from those who
had learned something great and something big.

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