NCM105
Diet Therapy
 Concerned with recovery from illness and
prevention of disease.
 Specially designed and prescribed for medical or
general nutritional reasons.
Digestion
 Defined as the process of breaking down foods
into substances like carbohydrates, proteins,
fats, and vitamins that aid the body in its
different functions.
Nutrition
 The study of food and how the body makes use
of it.
 Deals with the process of receiving and utilizing
it for the growth and renewal of the body and
for the maintenance of the different body
functions.
Nutrients
 Are chemical substances found in food.
Food
 A vital need which a person cannot live without.
MICRONUTRIENTS
 Requires in small quantity and so called micro
nutrients
 Examples: vitamins and minerals
 The quantity of nutrients required depends
upon age, sex, weight, physical activity, and
health status of the body.
Vitamins
 “accessory food factors”
 Came from the Latin word vita meaning life and the
suffix amine, which is a nitrogen compound.
 Are a group of unrelated organic compounds found
in food that are needed in small quantities.
 Vitamins do not give energy to the body
 Vitamins are needed for growth, preventing
diseases, and regulating body functions.
SEDILLO, EMMA MAE W.
 2 groups of vitamins
 Water soluble – dissolves in water, so
they are not stored in the body. This
means you have to take them daily.
 Fat soluble – vitamins are dissolved only
in fat.
Minerals
 Minerals are inorganic nutrients (nutrients that
lack carbon and cause many chemical reaction
in your body.)
 About 14 minerals are used in your body
 Minerals send nerve impulses, build cells,
regulate chemical reactions in cells, and carry
oxygen to body cells.
MACRONUTRIENTS
 Our body needs these nutrients in larger
amounts in order to function properly as macro
means large.
 Measured in the form of calories or kcals.
 3 types of macronutrients: carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats.
Carbohydrates
 Are organic compound (saccharides—starches
and sugar) composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen.
 Serves as a major source of energy for the body.
 Divided into three groups:
 Monosaccharides
 or simple sugars are the
simplest form of carbohydrates.
 Glucose, fructose, and galactose
 Disaccharides
 Or double-sugars are made up
of 2 monosaccharides.
 Sucrose, lactose, maltose
 Polysaccharides
 Composed of many molecules
of simple sugars
 Starch, dextrins, cellulose
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 NCM105

Fats or Lipids  The unit of energy commonly used in human

nutrition is the kilogram calories (kcal) or
 Are organic compounds composed of carbon,
simply calorie. It is the unit of measurement for
hydrogen, and oxygen.
the energy that the body gets from food.
 Some fat deposits are not used and are
considered structural fat. They hold the body
1,000 small calories = 1 kilocalories or calorie
organs and nerves in position, and protect them
against shock and injury.
1. Fuel factor of carbohydrates = 4 kcal per gram
 Fats are important sources of calories
2. Fuel factor of fat = 9 kcal per gram
Protein 3. Fuel factor of protein = 4 kcal per gram

 From the Greek word protos meaning primary, The Joule

ranking first, or occupying the first position.
 Is the measure of energy in the metric system
 First substance recognized as a vital part of a
living tissue. 1 kcal = 4.184 joule (kilojoules)
 Contains nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and
COMPONENTS OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE
oxygen.
 One molecule of protein is made of smaller unit
(building blocks) called amino acids.
Basal Metabolism
 Our body only needs 20 amino acids to produce
thousands of protein cells.  Also known as the required energy expenditure
(REE), is the measure of energy needed by the
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body at rest for all its internal chemical activities
Metabolism which is approximately 1 kcal per kilogram of
body weight per hour of an adult.
 The chemical reaction involved in maintaining
the living state of cells and organisms. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
 From the Greek word metabolismos meaning to
 Is the rate of basal metabolism in a given
change or alter
person at a given time and situation.
 Divided into 2 categories:
 Constitutes one-half of the calories
 Catabolism – the breakdown of
requirements of an individual.
molecules to obtain energy
 Factors that affect the BMR
 Anabolism – the synthesis of all
 Surface area
compounds needed by the cells.
 Sex
Energy  Age

 The force or power that enables the body to do

its own work.
 Pertains to the chemical energy locked in
foodstuffs brought by metabolism

The Calorie

 Calories are not eaten. They are by-products of

carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that are
oxidized in the body.
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