ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE REVIEWER 1ST EXAM

(AUGUST, 23, 2023)

Environment - it is a place where different things are such as a wet or hot environment. It can be living
(biotic) or non-living (abiotic) community, which includes three essential forces: physical, chemical, and
natural.

Science defines the systematized body of knowledge that builds and organizes a lot of information in a
different form of testable experiments and predictions about everything in the universe.

Environmental Science is an interdisciplinary academic field in science that integrates all the physical,
biological, and information to the study of the environment, and the solution to environmental
problems.

Ecology is a branch of biology concerning interactions among organisms, and their biophysical
environment includes both biotic and abiotic components.

Chemistry. The study of matter, its properties, how and why substances combine or separate to form
other elements, and how elements interact with energy.

Biodiversity is a group of different individual life that inhibit the planet Earth. That varies on their genetic
component and adaptation to the environment. In the terrestrial biodiversity is composed of animals on
land usually greater near the equator, which is an indicator of the warming of the climate.

Habitat is considered an environment is naturally occurring to a specific organism to survive. A species

habitat is those places where the species can find food, shelter, protection, and mates for reproduction.
Both physical and biological features characterize it.

Sustainability. The ability of a system to exist continually at a cost, in a universe that evolves in the state
of entropy toward the thermodynamic equilibrium of the planet. In the 21st century, it generally refers
to the capacity for the biosphere and human civilization to coexist.

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that could somehow be systematized, defend, recommend, and identify
what right and wrong behaviour is.

For the environmental Ethics is a discipline in philosophy that studies or focus on the moral relationship
among human beings to the value and moral status of the environment, which includes plants and
animals.

The ecosystem is a community comprised of living organisms in conjunction Orin relationship with the
non-living components of their specific environment that interact with each other.

Photosynthesis. It is the process of all plants that transform into the release of energy ATP. During this
process, the light energy of the sun is captured. There is a conversion of water, some mineral and
carbon dioxide, and a certain amount of oxygen needed by animals to survive.

A species is a basic unit of classifying and identifying the taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit
of biodiversity.
Food Chain. A linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms and ending at apex
predator species, detritivores, or decomposer species.

Food Web. The natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what
in an ecological community. Another name for the food web is the consumer-resource system.

The word “science” is simply an anglicised version of the Latin “Scientia," which means knowledge.

Environment. It is defined as the circumstances surrounding an organism or group of organisms or the

complex social or cultural conditions affecting each organism in the given biotic and abiotic community.
However, human being inhabits the naturalworld, as well as the, built the environment or the
technological, social, and culturalworld, all constitute essential parts of our environment.

Environmental Science it is the systematic study of our environment and our proper place in it. A highly
interdisciplinary, integrating natural sciences, social sciences,and humanities in a broad, holistic study of
the world around us. It is the foundation is ecology and is more concerned on human impact on the
environment.

Environmentalism encompasses environmental health and protection and depicted as an ideology,

philosophy, and social movement, including all aspects covering the changing environment of the Earth.
It began after the industrial revolution when there was an increase of smoke pollution and chemical
discharge which led to the formation of modern environmental laws.

 Britain’s Alkali Acts (1863)

 Were passed to combat air pollution
 Coal Smoke Abatement Society (1898)
 Was established in response to coal combustion leading to heavy smoke in industrial cities.
After World War II, the industrialization expansion was stupendous that led to economic
development and brought nature degradation. With each passing day, the people became
environmentally conscious.
 International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (1948)
 Was created to protect and preserve nature in its original form
 London Smog Episode (Great Smog of London) (1952)

 The Clean Air Act 1956 Environmental Movement
  Was formed following the London Smog Episode (Great Smog of London) 1952. It initially
aimed to limit air pollution by controlling the emission of air pollutants.
 World Wildlife Fund (WWF) (1960-1970)
 Was created to protect animals and places from human developmental activities.
 Green Revolution in Agriculture (1966)
 Was initiated to understand the negative impacts of uncontrolled and unregulated use of
pesticides and fertilizers on the environment. It was intended on improving agriculture using
environmental-friendly techniques.
 NEPA (National Environmental Policy Act (1969)
 Which aimed to ensure environmental health by negotiation policies and acts
 US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency (1970)
 To monitor human activities that are negatively impacting the environment of the Earth
 Greenpeace (1971)
 A campaign of committed individuals who tried to stop the American Nuclear Weapon test
 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972)

 Environmental Justice Movement (1980)
 An international movement that aims to encourage social, economic, and environmental
justice by identifying the connection between health and environmental issues began in
response to the unjust treatment of low-income communities that were exposed to
environmental pollution.
 Montreal protocol (1987)
 Kyoto protocol (1997)
 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2000
 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001
 World Summit on Sustainable Development (2002)