MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

LESSONS
(own searching of notes because i hate ma'am)

Lesson 1: Introduction to Media and Information Literacy

Communication: pertains to a purposeful exchange of information and messages between
people or groups of people by speaking, writing, gestures, and signs.
Messages: refer to any form of communication (information, feelings, and ideas) passed
or transmitted using a channel. Turow (2007) described them(messages) as a collection
of symbols that appear purposefully organized (meaningful) to those sending or receiving
them.
Media: are the methods or tools in which information can be exchanged and
communication can be facilitated.
Communication : a systematic process of using symbols in exchanging thoughts and ideas.
Interpersonal Communication: refers to the communication between two persons,
whether they are verbal or non-verbal.
Mediated Interpersonal Communication: refers to the process where technology stands
in between the parties communicating and becomes the channel by which the message is
sent or received.
Mass Communication: refers to communication systems used to create, produce, and
disseminate media texts to mass audiences.
Traditional forms of mass communication consist of newspaper, radio, television, and
film, it is also 6 understood that in mass communication, there is no immediate feedback
between the source and the receiver.
Organizational Communication: refers to communication useds in the business
environments
Media and Information Literacy: refers to the essential competencies (knowledge, skills,
attitudes) that allow citizens to engage with media and other information providers
effectively, and develop critical thinking and life-long learning skills for socializing and
becoming active citizens.

Lesson 2: Differences and Similarities Among and Between Media Literacy,

Information Literacy and Digital/ Technology Literacy
1. LITERACY: The ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and
compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts. Literacy
involves a continuum of learning, wherein individuals are able to achieve their goals,
develop their knowledge and potential, and participate fully in their community and wider
society.
2. MEDIA: The physical objects used to communicate with, or the mass communication
through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, film, etc. It also refers to
any physical object used to communicate messages.
3. MEDIA LITERACY: The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in a
variety of forms. It aims to empower citizens by providing them with the competencies
(knowledge and skills) necessary to engage with traditional media and new technologies.
4. INFORMATION: A broad term that covers processed data, knowledge derived from
study, experience, instruction, signals or symbols.
5. INFORMATION LITERACY: The ability to recognize when information is needed, and
to locate, evaluate, and effectively communicate information in its various formats.
6. TECHNOLOGY LITERACY: The ability of an individual, either working independently or
with others, to responsibly, appropriately, and effectively use technological tools. Using
these tools an individual can access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate
information.
7. MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY: The essential skills and competencies that
allow individuals to engage with media and other information providers effectively, as well
as develop critical thinking and life-long learning skills to socialize and become active
citizens.
Lesson 3: Responsible Use of Media
1. COPYRIGHT - a legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic,
musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work.
2. PLAGIARISM - an act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and
thoughts of another author without authorization; the representation of that
author's work as one's own, as by not crediting the original author
. 3. CYBER BULLYING - bullying that takes place online, or using electronic
technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets over communication tools
including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites.
4. COMPUTER ADDICTION - the excessive use of computers to the extent that
it interferes with daily life.
5. DIGITAL DIVIDE - an economic inequality between groups in terms of access
to, use of, or knowledge of ICT.

Here are the 10 Core netiques by Virginia Shea (2017)

Rule 1: Remember the human. Media users have feelings and emotion as you are.
Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life
Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace
Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth
Rule 5: Make yourself look good online
Rule 6: Share expert knowledge
Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control
Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy
Rule 9: Don't abuse your power
Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes
Lesson 4: Communication Models and Theories
Linear Model of Communication
-Linear model of communication is a simple one way communication model. The
message flows in a straight line from sender to the receiver. There is no concept
of feedback. The only task that a receiver does here is to receive the message.
Different models that follow linear model of communication are:
•Lasswell’s Model
•Aristotle’s Model
•Shannon Weaver Model
•Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model
Transactional Model of Communication
-In transactional model, senders and receivers both are known as communicators
and both play equally important role in communication. Transactional model relates
communication with social reality, cultural up-bringing and relational context
(relationships). Non-verbal feedback like gestures, body language, is also
considered as feedback in this model. Different models that follow transactional
model of communication are:
•Barnlund’s Transactional Model
•Helical Model
•Becker’s Mosaic Model
Interactive Model of Communication
-Interactive model or convergence model is similar to transactional model as they
are both two way communication model. But, interactive model is mostly used for
new media like internet. Here, people can respond to any mass communications like
videos, news, etc. People can exchange their views and ideas. Different models
that follow interactive model of communication are:
•Schramm’s Interactive Model

Lesson 5: Evolution of Media

There are four imporatant ages in the evolution of media: the Prehistoric Age
(also called the pre-industrial age), the Industrial Age, The electronic Age, and
the New Media Age.

(ba't picture nalang?- kasi tamad ako :)), ba't tagilid?- kasi para magkasya at tipid uwu)
Lesson 6: The Roles and Functions of Media in a democratic Society
Roles – According to Websters, roles are socially expected behavior patterns
usually determined by an individual’s status in a particular status; a function or
part performed especially in a particular process.
These are few of the roles and functions of media and information in a
democratic society
1. Channel - provides opportunities for people to communicate, share ideas,
speculate, tell stories and give information.
2. Watchdog - exposes corrupt practices of the government and the private
sector. Creating a space wherein governance is challenged or scrutinized by the
governed. It also guarantees free and fair elections
3. Resource center - acts as a gateway of information for the society’s
consumption. Also, it becomes a keeper of memories of the community, preserver
of heritage and source of academic knowledge.
4. Advocate - through its diverse sources or formats, it bridges the gap of digital
divide, and suggests social change as advocate to society.

Lesson 7: Types of Media

The term news Media refers to the groups that communicate information and
news to people. As noted, the majority of the people obtain information from the
news media. The increasing reliance on this media has encouraged media outlets to
respond to such demands of the time by making the news available through
television and the Internet. As this develops, three main types of news media
emerged: print media, broadcast media, and the Internet.

PRINT MEDIA
These print media include Newspapers, magazines, journals, newsletters, and
other printed material serve as the oldest media forms. . The influence of print
media is therefore significant. Regular readers of print media tend to be more
likely to be politically active. The print media is responsible for more reporting
than other news sources. Many news reports on television are merely follow-up
stories about news that first appeared in newspapers

BROADCAST MEDIA
Broadcast Media are news reports broadcast via radio and television. Television
news is considered as vital in every country. Most people largely rely in getting
their news from television broadcasts than from any other source.

THE INTERNET
Relying on online sources of news instead of traditional print and broadcast media,
the use Internet gains popularity among individuals. It easily captures the needs
of the times. Although Americans surf the sites of more traditional media
outlets, such as NBC and CNN, but later turn to unique online news sources such
as weblogs for easy access to information. Websites can provide text, audio, and
video information, all of the ways traditional media are transmitted. The web also
permits for a more interactive approach by allowing people to personally tailor the
news they receive via personalized web portals, newsgroups, podcasts, and RSS
feeds.
Lesson 8: Media and Information Sources
Information Literacy: includes the ability to identify, find, evaluate, and use
information effectively. Thus, students are trained to evaluate the quality,
credibility, and validity of websites.

THREE TYPES OF RESOURCES

There are three types of resources or sources of information: primary,
secondary, and tertiary.

PRIMARY SOURCES: original materials on which other research is based,

including: original written works – poems, diaries, court records, interviews,
surveys, and original research/fieldwork, and research published in
scholarly/academic journals.

SECONDARY SOURCES: those that describe or analyze primary sources,

including: reference materials – dictionaries, encyclopedias, textbooks, and books
and articles that interpret, review, or synthesize original research/fieldwork.

TERTIARY SOURCES: Those used to organize and locate secondary and primary
sources. Indexes – provide citations that fully identify a work with information
such as author, titles of a book, article, and/or journal, publisher and publication
date, volume and issue number and page numbers.

OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION

a. Abstracts – summarize the primary or secondary sources.
b. Databases – are online indexes that usually include abstracts for each primary
or secondary resource, and may also include a digital copy of the resource

Lesson 9: Media and Information Languages

GENRES, CODES, AND CONVENTIONS

Genre comes from the French word which means type or class. It can be
recognized by its common set of distinguishing features, such as codes and
conventions. Horror, comedy, action-comedy, sci-fi, action, inspirational or family
are some of the genre in film, which are also applicable to TV shows.

Media codes and conventions are like building blocks of all the media around us.
Media codes generally have an agreed meaning or connotation to their audience.
Codes are the system of signs which create meaning. There are three types of
media codes: symbolic codes, technical codes, and written codes. On the other
hand, conventions are generally the accepted ways of doing something.
(idk if these are included but just in case ig)