VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANASANGAMA, BELAGAVI - 590018

Social Connect and Responsibility Report

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Submitted By

MANAV M NAMBIAR
4SN21CS051

Under the Mentorship of

PROF.HARISHMA K V

Assistant Professor

SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Accredited By NAAC)

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

VALACHIL, MANGALURU – 574143

2022-2023
 SRINIVAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Accredited By NAAC)
MANGALURU - 574143, KARNATAKA
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING
CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Social Connect & Responsibilities is carried out by Manav M Nambiar,
bearing USN 4SN21CS051, in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Computer Science and Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi during the year 2021-2025. It is certified that all corrections/ suggestions
indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the
departmental library. The Social Connect and Responsibility report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements prescribed for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering.

____________ ______________ _______________

Prof. Harishma K V Prof. Ravishankara K Dr.Shrinivasa Mayya D

Mentor Head of the department Principal

EXTERNAL VIVA
Name of Examiners Signature with Date

1. 1.

2. 2.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank my Co-ordinator Prof. Deepthi Dsouza for their invaluable guidance and
support. Their feedback and advice have helped me to stay on track and achieve my project
goals.

I would like to thank my mentor Prof. Harishma K V for guiding me.

I would like to thank head of the department Prof. Ravishankara K for his advises.

I am grateful to the participants who generously shared their time and experience with me also
I would like to express my appreciation to my friends and family, whose love and support have
been a constant source of motivation and encouragement.

And finally, a great sense of gratitude to the Principal Dr. Shrinivasa Mayya D.

Name: Manav M Nambiar

USN: 4SN21CS051
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No. Title Page No.

1 PLANTATION AND ADOPTION OF A TREE 1-5

1.1 Objective 1
1.2 Observations 1
1.3 Information Gathered 1-4
14 Photos 4-5
1.5 Learning Outcome 5
2 HERITAGE WALK AND CRAFTS CORNER 6-10
2.1 Objective 6
2.2 Observations 6
2.3 Information Gathered 6-8
2.4 Photos 9
2.5 Learning Outcome 10
3 ORGANIC FARMING AND WASTE 11-16
MANAGEMENT
3.1 Objective 11
3.2 Observations 11
3.3 Information Gathered 11-14
3.4 Photos 14-15
3.5 Learning Outcome 15
4 WATER CONSERVATION 16-20
4.1 Objective 16
4.2 Observations 16-17
4.3 Information Gathered 17-19
4.4 Photos 20
4.5 Learning Outcome 20
5 FOOD WALK 21-25
5.1 Objective 21
5.2 Observations 21
 5.3 Information Gathered 21-23
5.4 Photos 23-24
5.5 Learning Outcome 25
CONCLUSION 26

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Chapter 1
PLANTATION AND ADOPTION OF A TREE

1.1 Objective
Adaptations make it easier for plants to survive in their specific habitat, and
reproduce, passing those traits on to their offspring. All plants, no matter where they
grow, are adapted to certain conditions, which can include temperature, available
water, soil type, and interactions with animals and other organisms. Adaptations are
special traits that allow plants to meet their needs. They are inherited, and evolve over
time in response to particular conditions. Only the plants that are adapted to those
conditions can survive in that biome. While you explore the three houses, use the
chart below to record some notes about plant adaptations in each biome. Write down
the names of a few plants that have the adaptations listed, draw the adaptation, or
record your other observations.

1.2 Observation
Aside from these necessities, they preserve biodiversity, conserve water, preserve
soil, and control climate, among other things. Tree plantation is important because it
provides fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and other foods for the survival of life on Earth.

1.3 Information Gathered

Plantation is not only good for the environment and the earth, but it is also a way in
which we can help in making the world a better and cleaner place to live in, as trees
help to bring down the levels of pollution. That is why on 22-11-2022 Mr. Steven
Robert Tellis, Assistant Professor gave a talk on “Plantation and Adoption of a tree”.
He taught us about how to nature a plant and get benefit out of it. He has explained
about following topics: -
1.3.1 Various ways of home gardening:
Home Gardening, in simple terms, can be called as the process of growing plants and
taking care of them in your own home for various purposes. It is considered as a
gratifying hobby, as it reaps benefits both in the form of mental relaxation and

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provides you with homegrown organic fruits and vegetables.

Gardening can be considered both as an art and science. The practice of gardening as
a child starts with amusement of how a small seed develops into a plant of his/her
height and continues to learn the science behind its development. As an adult, home
gardening is the best substitute to your daily stressful work. Gardening provides a
much-needed distraction for elderly people and can have therapeutic benefits for
them too in the form of exercise and fresh air.
Types of Home Gardens:
Vegetable / Kitchen Gardening:
The most common type of garden that people search for is the vegetable or the
kitchen garden. Vegetable gardens are a lot of fun to maintain, and you will literally
be able to enjoy the fruits of your labour. With the prices of the vegetables rocketing
day by day, this is also a pocket-friendly measure to reduce your monthly expenses.
A vegetable garden can be grown in spaces ranging from a small balcony to a huge
backyard. The versatility of this type of garden is what makes it extremely user-
friendly.
Description and planning: Do extensive research on the types of vegetables or
fruits which grow well in your environment. Some vegetables need more space to
grow, while leafy greens can be grown in a small pot with very little care. Some of
the plants need extensive care, i.e., watering and fertilizers, while others can be left
to grow wild. Every vegetable has specific requirements; some of them need to be
planted in rows. Each has to be propagated differently, potatoes need to tubers, and
mint requires stem cuttings for transplantation. Hence first make a list of the fruits
and vegetables suitable for your space and climate and plan accordingly. Try to invest
in costly vegetables like broccoli to minimize your monthly budget.
Flower Gardening:
Flower gardens are another widespread type, usually preferred for their aesthetic
appeal. These are most suited for your front gardens as it can transform your place
by adding a riot of colour. However, if there is a space constraint, differently coloured
flowers in pots will make your balcony or indoor space livelier.
Description and planning: Planning a flower garden can be quite tricky and requires
extensive research. Make an effort to get to know which flower plants are suitable

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for your climate, and also groups to suit your schedule. Also, keep in mind the
spacing needed for each plant for it to flower adequately. However, do not go for the
exotic varieties in the beginning, as they require a defter hand.
Tire Gardens:
Recycle old used tires from your vehicles to create flower beds. This is a simple way
to recycle tires in an aesthetic yet straightforward way. Tires can be used to plant
herbs, small flowers, and also a few varieties of vegetables that do not root deeply.
These gardens are mostly ideal for the outdoors, or balconies. They might look a bit
messy indoors. Description and planning: Bring out the unused tires in your garage
and clean them. Fill them with fertile soil and plant flowers or vegetables according
to your taste and the climate. Water them regularly. If in your front porch, the tires
can be planted with varieties of ornamental flowers to give a dash of colour by using
up limited space.
Rooftop Gardens:
This type of garden is planned when you have done not have space in your home but
on the rooftop or the terrace for Gardening. The benefit of terrace gardening is that
your garden is exposed to sufficient sunlight and rain.
Description and planning: First, identify the portion of the terrace you are planning
to convert into a garden. Then choose the plants suitable for the outdoors, as they
may be exposed to harsh, as it maintains cool temperatures. If you have pets in your
house will definitely love these rooftop gardens.

1.3.2. Layout plan and choosing what to grow:

Consider the factors that will affect how your garden will grow sunlight, shade,
wind, drainage, access to water, foot traffic patterns and the balance between lawn,
shrubs, flowers and vegetables. A landscape analysis that considers these and other
factors is an important first step in garden planning. Before you know what, you
want, you need to figure out what you have. Start by drawing a map of your yard
with existing trees, shrubs, slopes, patios and whatever else is out there.
Or peruse gardening books Take a field trip to your local garden store and ask a lot
of questions, particularly about what plants are best suited to area. Choosing Plants:
There are several things to consider when picking out plants. Budget, ease of care,
compatibility with neighbouring plants, aesthetics and size all come into play in

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garden design. When choosing trees and shrubs, consider their height and width at
maturity. A sapling takes up a lot less room than a full note -grown tree. Not only do
trees need adequate space and resources, they can be damaging to houses and
sidewalks if planted too close. Large trees and shrubs can shade out other plants, so
carefully decide the size and location suitable to your plan.
1.3.3 Chemical Control:
Plant diseases are something that stops or prevents plants from growing naturally or
achieving their maximum growth potential. It is a type of impairment of the normal
state of the plant which modifies its vital functions or interrupts it. All of the plants,
irrespective of their species, habitat, etc can be affected by various plant diseases.
These diseases vary from season to season and depend on the presence of the type
of pathogen, the variety of plants, and the environmental conditions. Plant diseases
can be biotic or abiotic. Biotic diseases are caused by living organisms known as
pathogens whereas Abiotic diseases are caused by external factors and living
organisms.

1.4 Photos

Figure 1.1 Talk on Plantation Figure 1.2 Before Adoption

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Figure 1.3 After Adoption Figure 1.4 Adoption of White-Water

Apple

1.5 Learning Outcome

“Plant a tree today for a better tomorrow”. Tree plantation is the key to save the earth
from pollution. This is why many countries have now started to concentrate on
increasing the rate of tree plantation to make the earth a safer place to live for the
future generation. Every country should aim to increase afforestation rather than
deforestation. Tree planting is cost-effective, thus making it simpler to achieve the
goal of making the earth a safer place by making it free from pollution. We have done
nothing but take from nature for so long. It is high time we gave back to the earth and
there is no time like the present to do a good deed and make the earth a clean, green,
and beautiful place to live in once again. After all, the future generations must inherit
the earth in the same condition it was left to us, if not better. We owe it to them to
make the world a healthy, happy, and safe place to live in effects of climate change
can also be controlled by increasing the rate of tree plantation.

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Chapter-2
HERITAGE WALK AND CRAFTS CORNER
2.1 Objective
Heritage walk is a tool to explore the unexplored and neglected richness of the
country. plays an important role for the development of history and character of the
city through generating interests and involvement of the local community in the urban
conservation activity. The main aim of heritage walk is to provide directions and make
it easier for tourists to link themselves to interesting places and important nodes so that
tourists become aware of the great historical and cultural value of the old urban nucleus
and also of the importance the old fort ton along economic generation. A
comprehensive, integrated and clear construction of signposts and guidance system
should be adopted along the heritage walk.
Heritage walks can encourage people to support projects like conservation
and preservation of historical monuments to collect authentic information about them
and to publish it through various media. Residences of renowned citizens who have
passed away are also part of heritage.

2.2 Observation
India is a pictorial kaleidoscope of beautiful landscapes and rich cultural heritage
spread throughout its opulent historical and royal cities that has been contributed by
different people and races over the period of time. Culture and heritage play an
important role in building an economically sustainable and cohesive country and
need a special focus for promotion and preservation. This aims to preserve the rich
heritage of our country, so that it can be passed on the generations to come by
organizing heritage walk module.
The urban living makes the all the cities too familiar to notice anything
extraordinary about it. People pass by the beautiful heritage buildings every day in a
hurry to reach their offices or schools without noticing them. Heritage of a city
communicates the history of that place. Heritage walk is a tool to explore the
unexplored and neglected richness of the country. It plays an important role for the

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development of history and character of the city through generating interests and
involvement of the local community in the urban conservation activity.
Heritage walks, are best way to learn and recognize our culture, tradition,
philosophy, myths and associated rituals with them. The walk makes one look back
and reminds us of our rich culture and history, provoking us to thing about the
existence of every historical structure and place. It also helps in bringing focus of
authorities towards the degrading conditions of heritage place, promoting their care
and restoration.

2.3 Information Gathered

As the part of social connectivity and responsibility, on 13-12-2022 we the students
of 3CS-A department have visited Rani Abbakka Tulunadu Museum at Bantwal. We
were extremely lucky to interact with the genius behind this project Dr Thukkaram
Poojary. Since 1993 he has passionately travelled across the Tulunadu region to
collect over 4000 exhibits like, folklore material artefacts, tools, utensils, books,
manuscripts, instruments etc. Moreover, he has undertaken countless research
projects using these material objects and oral traditions to reconstruct the rich folk
history of this Tulunadu region. The centre continues to document the significance of
the daily lifestyle of the indigenous people of coastal Karnataka and attempts to bring
alive the rich cultural history and heritage of the Tulunadu region, which otherwise is
in danger of being forgotten by the next set of modern generations! And they have
fittingly named the museum after the almost forgotten 17th century brave Chouta
dynasty Queen of Ullal - Rani Abbakka II.
Italian traveller Pietro of that era was asked by the Shah of Iran to come to
India specially to meet this heroic woman, who had repeatedly fought against the
Portuguese Rulers of Mangalore. Pietro has described her personality and exploits in
detail, which was used to portray the life of Rani Abbakka through vivid depictions
on canvas at the painting gallery on the first floor. Her promise to fight for freedom
to her mother, her tumultuous marriage, her continuous civil development works, her
oversees trade relations, her simple coronation ritual, her persistent Guerrilla like
warfare battle wins against the mighty Portuguese army, all reflect her daring spirit
that was very rare among women rulers of that era. Rani Abbakka strived for the
freedom of not just her Ullal region, but also for the whole Karavalli region, yet she

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is not as well-known as Rani Laxmibai who fought for the freedom of Jhansi, more
than a century later.
Thukkaram’s family have single handily worked to spread awareness and
understanding of the intangible beauty of oral traditions, myths, folklore combined
with the study of the various tangible objects displayed in the museum like arts, crafts,
furniture, jewellery, books, spirit worship masks, instruments, tools, vessels, toddy
tapping items, pickle jars, pooja items etc. Every object has a great story to tell about
the past and the simple lifestyle of the locals which this museum attempts to
reconstruct today and to show their importance and connection to future generations.
Tulunadu region used to be a dense jungle land inhabited with snakes and tigers and
simple hard working local communities like Koragas, Billavas, Mogaveeras, or Bunt.
We saw different types of rice vermicelli making instruments which were an influence
from Arab traders. We saw a tiger chasing instrument that makes a loud shrill noise
to keep the tigers away from the cattle. Since this region was ruled by Jain dynasties,
nonviolence was practiced by most of the subjects, and hunting was mostly for food
and not as a sport.
Instead of just wandering among the exhibits and taking photographs, we got
a priceless knowledge tour of the museum along with the greatly admirable
enthusiasm of Dr Poojary. Even a whole day would not be enough to listen to his
amazing stories behind every exhibit that he has so painstakingly collected and
researched over his lifetime.
In a society that is unleashed with western influences, we are very grateful to
the passion of rare people like Poojary, who with his Tulunadu museum gives us a
kaleidoscopic view of Tulunadu and has ensured that our foundation life of
yesteryears would never be forgotten by next generations.

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2.4 Photos

Figure 2.1: Dr. Tukaram giving a Talk Figure 2.2: Old utensils

Figure 2.3: old farming tools Figure 2.4: Olden Days utensils

Figure 2.5: Picture Depicts Old items Figure 2.6: Group Photo

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2.5 Learning Outcome

Day by day importance of heritage walk is increasing and with modern
communication facility tourists are able to get all types of information related to
heritage and culture. These factors have led to an increasing demand for heritage walk.
This trend is motivating the rise of some more Travel Agency / Tour Operators and
individual escorts or guides who are specialized in providing heritage walk. But these
organization / individuals do not have regular heritage walk feature but if targeted
group (tourist) demand heritage walk, they came to forefront. In most of the cases
some Travel Agency / Tour Operators are contacting either INTACH or guides for
executing such type of walks. The study has indicated the need to promote the heritage
walk industry and work out strategies for streamlining the approaches so as to make it
a profitable and meaningful business.

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Chapter-3

ORGANIC FARMING AND WASTE

MANAGEMENT
3.1 Objective
1.To seek out the presence of chemical contaminants conventional vs big crops.
2. Promote a lot of usage of natural pesticides
3. Management pests, diseases and weeds
4. Cultivate the soil in right time in right manner.
5. To push sensible soil structure, texture and fertility
6. To grief, read summary of organic agriculture.
7. To check regarding the benefits and downsides of organic farming.
8. Increase genetic diversity.
9. Promote more usage of natural pesticides.
10. Ensure the right soil cultivation at the right time.
11. Keep and build good soil structure and fertility.

3.2 Observation
Organic farming can be defined as a system of management and agricultural
production that combines a high level of biodiversity with environmental practices
that preserve natural resources and has rigorous standards for animal welfare.
Furthermore, organic farming responds to consumer growing demand for natural
products and simultaneously allows to preserve the environment in the context of
sustainable rural development.
Organic standards are designed to allow the use of naturally-occurring
substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic substances. For instance,
naturally-occurring or naturally produced pesticides such as pyrethrin are also
permitted, meanwhile synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are generally prohibited.
Synthetic substances or materials that are allowed include, for example, copper
sulphate, elemental sulphur and Ivermectin.

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3.3 Information Gathered

On 22-11-2022 we had a talk on organic farming Mr. Steven Tellis. He taught us
about how to nature plants and get benefit out of it. We have organic farming in our
plant. We had applied following components in our Plants: -
1. Vegetable peels
2. Coconut husk
3. Banana peels
Vegetable peels: Peels are rich in fibre, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making
them one of the most nutritious parts of a plant. Some fruits and vegetables have tough
peels that can be difficult to clean, hard to digest, bitter-tasting, or simply inedible.
Using vegetable peels as fertilizer is a tried-and-tested method that we love. From
celery and broccoli to the humble potato, these foods are famed for their healthy
relationship to the human body. Experts have revealed that these pieces of organic
goodness are just as impactful in the garden, where you can use your offcuts and
leftover vegetables as a fertilizer – to boost your plant growth the natural way. There
are two main ways to use your vegetable peels as fertilizer – the first involves creating
a mixture using your peels and water. According to garden expert and the founder
Lindsey Hyland, this method comes with a host of benefits, including a 'high level of
nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus – all nutrients that plants need to thrive.'
Coconut Husk: Coconut husk ash proves to be a very efficient fertilizer for coconut
palms grown on an organic medium such as deep peat. In particular, it provides two
essential nutrients for coconut, K and Cl. In that respect, it can be used to replace KCl
in a proportion of two and a half to one. Coconut husk ash performed as well as
potassium chloride (KCl) in a proportion of 2–2.5 to 1.
Banana Peels: Banana peels can be placed directly onto pot plant soil, or around the
base of your garden as mulch. As they decompose, they will release nutrients into the
soil to feed plants. If using banana peels in your garden, place a single layer straight
on top of the soil, being sure not to let them touch the plant stem.
Organic farming system in India isn't new and is being followed from past. The term
organic farming was initial employed by lord Northbourne in the book of look at the
land. Organic agriculture in Asian nation started long back 1900 by Sir Albert Howard,

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a British Agronomist, in a native village of north Asian nation and Organic farming
initial coined by North Bourne in 1946.
Organic farming methods combine scientific knowledge of ecology and some
modern technology with traditional farming practices based on naturally occurring
biological processes. Organic farming methods are studied in the field of agroecology.
While conventional agriculture uses synthetic pesticides and water-soluble
synthetically purified fertilizers, organic farmers are restricted by regulations to using
natural pesticides and fertilizers. An example of a natural pesticide is pyrethrin, which
is found naturally in the Chrysanthemum flower.
While organic is fundamentally different from conventional because of the
use of carbon-based fertilizers compared with highly soluble synthetic based fertilizers
and biological pest control instead of synthetic pesticides, organic farming and large-
scale conventional farming are not entirely mutually exclusive. Many of the methods
developed for organic agriculture have been borrowed by more and more conventional
agriculture. For example, Integrated Pest Management is a multifaceted strategy that
uses various organic methods of pest control whenever possible, but in conventional
farming could include synthetic pesticides only as a last resort.
Key Features of Organic Farming
1) Protecting soil quality using organic material and encouraging biological activity
2) Indirect provision of crop nutrients using soil microorganisms
3) Nitrogen fixation in soils using legumes
4) Weed and pest control based on methods like crop rotation, biological diversity,
natural predators, organic manures and suitable chemical, thermal and biological
intervention
5) Rearing of livestock, taking care of housing, nutrition, health, rearing and breeding
6) Care for the larger environment and conservation of natural habitats and wildlife

Advantages of Organic Farming:

1. Economical: In organic farming, no expensive fertilisers, pesticides, or HYV
seeds are required for the plantation of crops. Therefore, there is no extra expense.

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2. Good return on Investment: With the usage of cheaper and local inputs, a farmer
can make a good return on investment.
3. High demand: There is a huge demand for organic products in India and across
the globe, which generates more income through export.
4. Nutritional: As compared to chemical and fertiliser-utilised products, organic
products are more nutritional, tasty, and good for health.
5. Environment-friendly: The farming of organic products is free of chemicals and
fertilisers, so it does not harm the environment. Environment-friendly.
6. Promotes sustainable development.
7. Healthy and tasty food.
8. Inexpensive process.
9. It uses organic inputs.
10. Generates income.
11. Generates income through exports.
12. Source of employment.
13. Organic farming is more labour intensive. Hence, it generates more employment.
Disadvantages of Organic Farming:
1. Incompetent: The major issue of organic farming is the lack of inadequate
infrastructure and marketing of the product.
2. Less production: The products obtained through organic farming are less in the
initial years as compared to that in chemical products. So, farmers find it difficult
to accommodate large-scale production.
3. Shorter shelf life: Organic products have more flaws and a shorter shelf life than
that of chemical products.
4. Limited production: Off-season crops are limited and have fewer options in
organic farming.

3.4 Photos

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Figure 3.1: Organic Farming

Figure 3.2: Before Organic Farming Figure 3.3: After Organic Farming

3.5 Learning Outcome

From the prior conversation, it tends to be construed that organic farming seems, by
all accounts, to be a practical, financial, and eco-accommodating, since there is no
danger of lingering poisonousness. It improves soil fruitfulness and yielded amount
creation. An expansion of fertilizer arranged from squanders that is FYM, neem-cake,
bio gas slurry, vermicompost and so forth keeps up organic manure in soil and now,
we know that it has some disadvantages but also has lots of advantages that cover up
or that have ability to ignore the downsides of organic farming.

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Chapter 4

WATER CONSERVATION
4.1 Objective
The aim of water conservation is to ensure that water resources are available to future
generations by protecting and improving the quantity and quality of water on Earth. The
objectives of water conservation are; assessment, pollution prevention, wastage
prevention, ecosystem protection, sustainable supply, policy development, and cost
reduction. Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to
sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to
meet the current and future human demand (thus avoiding water scarcity). Supply and
securing of clean and sufficient drinking water for the population; provision and securing
of access to sanitation; improvement and restoration of soil quality and thus, raising
productivity rates; reducing the impact of natural hazards especially during climate change.
The main objectives are: -
1.Ensuring the availability of water for future generations where the withdrawal
of freshwater from an ecosystem does not exceed its natural replacement rate.
2.Energy conservation as water pumping, delivery, and wastewater treatment facilities
consume a significant amount of energy. In some regions of the world, over 15% of the
total electricity consumption is devoted to water management.
3.Habitat conservation where minimizing human water usage helps to preserve freshwater
habitats for local wildlife and migrating waterfowl, but also water quality.

4.2 Observation
Conserving water reduces wear and tear on major resources such as water and wastewater
treatment plants and the distribution systems that deliver water to the public. Using less
water can also enable us to become more flexible during times when there is a water
shortage. Water conservation is important to ensure that future generations have access to
fresh clean water.
Better water conservation and management has economic benefits and helps protect the
environment. The more water you use, the more you pay for water and sewer service on a
municipal water and sewer system. Excessive water use can overload both individual septic

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systems and municipal sewer systems, thereby resulting in untreated sewage contamination
of fresh water supplies. Water conservation can extend the useful life of both community
and individual household sewer systems. Excessive withdrawals of ground water can lead
to salt water intrusion, a subtle environmental impact with long-lasting effects. These areas
are usually associated with large population centres or agriculture, where water use is high.
Agriculture is our most essential industry, but it is also our largest consumer of fresh water.
Water conservation and management will become bigger issues for agriculture and
metropolitan areas as they compete for limited fresh water resources in the future.

4.3 Information Gathered

Rainwater Conservation method in Pond: -
Water is one of the most essential for existence of living beings. Surface water and
groundwater are two major sources of water. Due to over population and higher usage
levels of water in urban areas, water supply agencies are unable to cope up demand from
surface sources like dams, reservoirs, rivers etc. This has led to digging of individual tube
wells by house owners. Even water supply agencies have resorted to groundwater sources
by digging tube wells in order to augment the water supply. Pond conservation often has
both a hands-on and a paper-based side. Scientists trained in field work tend to spend time
actually in ponds, directly helping rehabilitate ecosystems and flush out toxins. Others
work within conservation organizations to lobby for laws and environmental regulations
that would protect against damage going forward.
Fundraising and raising public awareness are also typically a major goal. True
resource conservation often requires a community approach. Scientists and activists can
take charge of monitoring and restoring habitats, but other players, particularly developers
and major corporations, must also agree to do no harm in the first place. Conservation
groups can play a key role in organizing pond restoration efforts, but cannot usually do it
all alone.
It is important to consider implementing water-conserving changes to industrial and
commercial application use. It was found that high-income countries use roughly 59% of
their water for industrial usage while low-income countries use 8% for industrial usage.
After the rain ends, the sensor should turn the program back on and resume to its normal
watering cycle.

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Water reuse
Water shortage has become an increasingly difficult problem to manage. More than 40%
of the world's population live in a region where the demand for water exceeds its supply.
The imbalance between supply and demand, along with persisting issues such as climate
change and population growth, has made water reuse a necessary method for conserving
water.]There are a variety of methods used in treatment of wastewater to ensure that it is
safe to use for irrigation of food crops and/or drinking water.
Seawater desalination requires more energy than the desalination of fresh water.
Despite this, many seawaters desalination plants have been built in response to water
shortages around the world. This makes it necessary to evaluate the impacts of seawater
desalination and to find ways to improve desalination technology. Current research
involves the use of experiments to determine the most effective and least energy intensive
methods of desalination.
Main Reasons to conserve water: -
1.Conserving water saves energy. Energy is important to filter, heat, and pump water to
your home, so lessening your water use likewise decreases your carbon traces.
2.Consuming less water keeps more in our environments and aids with keeping wetland
habitats best for creatures like otters, water voles, herons, and fish. This is particularly
significant during dry season periods.
Surface Runoff Rainwater Harvesting System: -
Rooftop and paved surface rainwater harvesting are not enough for whole year. So, it is
very necessary to introduce the artificial recharge methods of rainwater harvesting. In this
method the rainwater is accumulated in a small constricted area like pits, wells, trenches,
shafts etc. and infiltrated under the soil through them. This is the indirect method of
rainwater harvesting so there is no direct gain but in long-term this is the best method of
making water available sufficient under the ground. This method of rainwater harvesting
is also called recharging ground water aquifer.
For our water requirement we entirely depend upon rivers, lakes and ground water.
Rain is the ultimate source that feeds all these sources. Rain water harvesting means to
make optimum use of rainwater at the place where it falls i.e., conserve it and don’t allow
it to drain away and cause flood elsewhere. A water audit is an on-site survey and
assessment of water-using hardware, fixtures, equipment, landscaping, and management
practices to determine the efficiency of water use and to develop recommendations for

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Activity 4

improving water-use efficiency. In simple words, a water audit is a systematic review of a

site that identifies the quantities and characteristics of all the water uses.
There are different methods of recharging ground water aquifers. Some of them are:
i) Recharging of bore holes
ii) Recharging through wells
iii) Recharging through pits
iv) Recharging through trenches
v) Recharging through shafts
vi) Recharging making percolation tanks

Benefits -
• Promotes adequacy of underground water
• Mitigates the effect of drought
• Reduces soil erosion as surface run-off is reduced
• Decreases load on storm water disposal system
• Reduces flood
• Prevents ingress of sea water in subsurface aquifers in coastal areas.
• Improves ground water table, thus saving energy (to lift water)
• The cost of recharging subsurface aquifer is lower than surface reservoirs
• The subsurface aquifer also serves as storage and distribution system
• No land is wasted for storage purpose and no population displacement is involved
• Storing water underground is environment friendly
Disadvantages: -
• Supplies can be contaminated by bird/animal droppings on catchment surfaces and
guttering structures unless they are cleaned/flushed before use.
• Poorly constructed water jars/containers can suffer from algal growth and invasion by
insects, lizards and rodents. They can act as a breeding ground for disease vectors if they
are not properly maintained

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Activity 4

4.4 Photos

Figure 4.1: Water conservation system

4.5 Learning Outcome

It is few people who know that issue and how to what this problem can damage everybody
live on this earth. Some countries do some decision can help people to save the
environment. "To create a sustainable future, we need to reverse good pattern, seeking to
provide sufficient water for all the people while protecting the supplies and the environment
for the future generations". Moreover, the world specific water day to keep water
consumptions and “that on 22 March was be designed as "World Water Day"- the annual
day to raise awareness of water supply issue around the globe". In contract, save water issue
not responsible some people but should all people cooperate and share to make and save
every drop of water for generations, and we must learn people how to water consumption
begin in the home than outside the home.

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Activity 5

Chapter 5

FOOD WALK
5.1 Objective
1.To provide tourists with authentic, educational and quality experience by creating
opportunities for them to interact with locals in an unstructured, spontaneous manner. To
spread useful knowledge about food, spices, tea and traditional techniques of preparing
food; and for that purpose, to organize, participate, manage, supervise or otherwise help in
the promotion of educational, scientific, technical exhibitions, expositions, displays, fairs,
and the like, whether of permanent or temporary nature in India and elsewhere.
2.To develop tourism with dignity, respect and nurture local cultures so that they enrich
the tourism experience for visitors and build pride and confidence among local
communities.
3.To preserve and enhance local culture, art, handicrafts, monuments and other natural and
man-made tourist resources and protect them from over-commercialisation and over
exploitation.
4.To protect the outstanding of global food heritage.
5.2 Observation
Food preparation involves procuring food in its natural & native form and cooking it to
enhance its flavours. It is very important to prepare food in the right way as food can
become a feeding ground or, as some say, a playing ground for microbes to grow and spoil
it when handled incorrectly. Cooking at home provides a platform for establishing and
sharing family traditions.

5.3 Information Gathered

Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support. Food is usually
of plant, animal, minerals or fungal origin, and contains essential nutrients and minerals,
such as fibres, high vitamin, carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The
substances are ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to
provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth. Different species of animals have
different feeding behaviours that satisfy the needs of their unique metabolisms, often
evolved to fill a specific ecological niche within specific geographical contexts.

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Activity 5

5.3.1 Kozhukkatta

• Mostly prepared in Kerala and Tamil Nadu

• In Tamil Nadu, the dish is traditionally associated with the Hindu God Ganesha and is
prepared as an offering on the occasion of Vinayaka Chathurthi.
• It is prepared by Kerala Christians on the Saturday prior to Palm Sunday and the day is
hence called Kozhukatta Saturday.
• In Kerala, it is also eaten as an evening snack with tea or coffee.
Kozhukkattai is an important part of several natal customs of the Sri Lankan
Tamil community. In northern Sri Lanka, there is a custom involving dumpling whose
edges are pressed to resemble teeth being dropped gently on a baby's head while the
family wishes for the infant to develop healthy teeth. In eastern areas of Sri Lanka such
as Amparai district, a smaller version called pillai kozhukkattai is prepared by female
family members for an expectant mother about four months after conception. These
sweets are commonly exchanged at weddings as auspicious symbols of "plump" health
and fertility.
Ingredients-
1. Rice flour
2. Grated coconut
3. Grated jaggery
4. Cardamom powder (if needed)
Preparation of Kozhukkatta-
▪ Soak the rice in water for 2-3 hours. Grind to a smooth paste in a mixer.
▪ Dilute with water until it reaches the consistency of buttermilk (thin pouring consistency).
▪ Add salt and mix well.
▪ In a pan, pour in the water and rice mixture and a little oil. Stir well and heat the mixture
stirring continuously for about 5 mins until it forms a thick dough like ball.
▪ Cover and set aside.
▪ Heat the water in a saucepan, and add the powdered jaggery.
▪ When the jaggery has melted completely, add the desiccated coconut and stir for 4-5 mins,
until it forms a thick mixture which is sticky to the touch.
▪ Remove from the heat, add the powdered cardamom and mix well.
▪ Rub a little oil onto the palms of your hands, and form small balls of dough, kneading
them thoroughly.

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 Activity 5

▪ Make a cup like shape with the balls of dough. Start from the outside of the ball and work
inwards, gently pressing down the dough with both thumbs. This may sound difficult at
first, but it comes with practice! See pictures below.
▪ Place 1 tsp. of the filling into the cup, and close the parcel by pinching the rim of the cup
to form a peak, as shown in the pictures.
▪ Steam the parcels for 5mins. Enjoy warm or cooled.

5.3.2 Neer Dosa

Neer dosa, literally meaning water dosa in Tulu is a recipe prepared from rice batter. Neer
dosa is a delicacy from Tulu Nadu, Karnataka State and part of Mangalorean cuisine
Unlike other dosas neer dosa is known for its simple preparation method and lack
of fermentation. Usually neer dosa is served with coconut chutney, sambar, saagu and non-
vegetarian curries like chicken, mutton, fish and egg curry.
Ingredients
1. 1 cup rice – 200 grams
2. water as required for soaking rice
3. ¼ to ⅓ cup water to grind or blend
4. 1.5 to 2 cups water to be added later
5. salt as required
6. oil as required

Preparation
▪ Rinse the rice grains a few times. Soak them in enough water for 4 to 5 hours or overnight.

▪ Later drain the soaked rice and add them in a blender or a mixer-grinder.

▪ Add water for grinding or blending the rice. Do not add a lot of water as then you won't be
able to grind the rice finely.

▪ Grind to a smooth and fine batter and then transfer the batter to another bowl or pan.

▪ Add water again to get a thin, flowing, runny and watery consistency. I added 2 cups of
water.

▪ The addition of water depends on the quality and kind of rice. So, add water as needed.

▪ Then add salt as required and mix well.

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Activity 5

▪ Heat a cast iron pan or a non-stick pan on medium to medium-high heat. Drizzle ½
teaspoon of oil.

▪ Just spread the oil all over with a spoon or small piece of cotton kitchen napkin or with
half of an onion.

▪ Stir the batter in the bowl with the ladle. Then fill the ladle with the batter.

▪ Pour the batter moving outwards to inside like the way we do for rava dosa.

▪ Fill in the large gaps too with some of the batter.

▪ Cover with a lid and cook the dosa till the batter firms up. Don't brown it or flip it. The
edges will also separate when the dosa is cooked. You can drizzle a bit of oil on the top of
neer dosa if you prefer.

▪ Serve them hot with chutney or sambar.

5.4 Photos

Figure 5.1: Kozhukkatta Figure 5.2 Kozhukkatta ingredients

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Activity 5

Figure 5.3 Neer Dosa batter Figure 5.4 Neer Dosa

5.5 Learning Outcome

1. By Food walk we are able to understand Food labels.

2. We are able to state the components of Food labels.
3. Differentiate between the nutrients.
4. Apply the new knowledge into their healthy eating lifestyle.
5. We got the opportunity to taste our Traditional foods.

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Conclusion

CONCLUSION
Tree plantation is the key to save the earth from pollution. This is why many countries have
now started to concentrate on increasing the rate of tree plantation to make the earth a safer
place to live for the future generation. Day by day importance of heritage walk is increasing
and with modern communication facility tourists are able to get all types of information
related to heritage and culture. These factors have led to an increasing demand for heritage
walk. This trend is motivating the rise of some more Travel Agency / Tour Operators and
individual escorts or guides who are specialized in providing heritage walk.
Organic farming improves soil fruitfulness and yielded amount creation. It has
some disadvantages but also has lots of advantages that cover up or that have ability to
ignore the downsides of organic farming. Water conservation helps people to know that
issue and how this problem can damage everybody live on this earth. "To create a
sustainable future, we need to reverse good pattern, seeking to provide sufficient water for
all people while protecting supplies and the environment for future generations”. By food
walk we are able to understand food labels. We are able to state the components of food
labels. Differentiate between the nutrients. Apply the new knowledge into their healthy
eating lifestyle. We got the opportunity to taste our traditional foods.

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