21ST CENTURY

LITERATURE FROM THE

PHILIPPINES AND THE
WORLD
LITERATURE
 Definition
 Literature
 Etymology : literatura (Latin; meaning

handwriting)
 generally any body of written works and

produced in any country, language or age

 for a specific purpose such as
information, education or
entertainment to the reader,
 which can be fictional or non-fictional

in nature.
UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
LITERATURE
1. TIMELINESS
 It can be applied to different contexts and
situations.
 This can illuminate and enlighten different realities.
 It is transformative because it transcends
temporality and contexts

Literature knows no expiration and

has the immortality and capability to
cross time boundaries.
UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
LITERATURE
2. ETERNITY
 Pertains to the appeal of the moral values of
the literary masterpieces towards its audience.

 This lasting impression of literature to the

lives of the people, who once in their lives
read, watched and witness the wonders
brought about by these masterpieces.
UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
LITERATURE
3. UNIVERSALITY
 Pertains to the global applicability in which a
work transcends across culture, gender,
religion, age, time, and generation.

 Literature may be written and made in

different localities, they were appreciated by
anyone anywhere in the world.
UNIVERSAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
LITERATURE
4. PERMANENCE
 Literature is a permanent expression in words
of some thought or feelings or idea about life
and the world.

 Once it was told, it will never be forgotten.

 It is like a mark which endures time and

generation that remains in the hearts and
minds of every spectator or reader.
WHY WE STUDY?
IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE
Literature improves your command
of language
It teaches you about the life,

cultures and experiences of people

in other parts of the world.
It gives you information about

other parts of the world which you

may never be able to visit in your
lifetime.
WHY WE STUDY?
IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE
It entertains you and provides
useful occupation in your free time.
It makes you a wiser and more

experienced person by forcing you

to judge, sympathize with, or
criticize the characters you read
about.
WHY WE STUDY?
IMPORTANCE OF LITERATURE
It helps you compare your own
experiences with the experiences of
other people.
It gives information which may be
useful in other subjects, for
example, in Geography, Science,
History, Social Studies, and so on.
KINDS OF LITERATURE
 Generally, Literature is divided into two (2)
kinds, namely, Fictional and Non-Fictional
Literature.
 Fictional Literature is imaginary composed
writing or work of art that is meant to provide
information, education and entertainment to the
reader.
 In other words, fictional literature is based on
the writer’s imagination rather than reality.
KINDS OF LITERATURE
 Non – fictional Literature is factual writing or
written work that is gives facts that can be
proved as it provides real places, events,
characters, times or reality rather than
imaginary things.
LITERARY COMPOSITIONS THAT HAVE
INFLUENCED THE WORLD
 1. The Bible or the Sacred writings: This has
become the basis of Christianity originating from
Palestine and Greece
 2. Koran: The Muslim bible originating from

Arabia
 3. The Iliad and the Odyssey: These have been
the source of Myths and Legends of Greece.
They were written by Homer.
 4. The Mahab-harata: The Longest epic of the
world. It contains the history of religion in India.
LITERARY COMPOSITIONS THAT HAVE
INFLUENCED THE WORLD
 5. Canterbury Tales: it depicts the religion and
customs of English in early days. This
originated from England and written by Chaucer.
 6. Uncle Tom's Cabin: written by Harriet
Beecher Stowe of US. This depicted the sad fate
of slaves. This became the basis of democracy.
 7. The Divine Comedy: (Dante of Italy).
This shows the religion and customs of
early Italians.
 8. El' Cid Compeador: This shows the cultural
characteristics of Spaniards and their
national theory.
LITERARY COMPOSITIONS THAT HAVE
INFLUENCED THE WORLD
 9. The Song of Roland: This includes the Doce
Pares and Roncesvalles of France. It tells
about the Golden Age of Christianity in France.
 10. The Book of the Dead: This includes the
cult of Osiris and the Mythology and theology of
Egypt.
 11. The Book of the Days: This was written by
Confucius of China. This became the basis of
Christian Religion.
 12. One thousand and One Night of the
Arabian Nights: from Arabia and Persia(Iran).
It shows the ways of government of industries
and of society of Arabia's and Persians