Here is a timeline of major architectural and art movements along with their distinct architectural

features:

1. Ancient Egyptian Architecture (c. 3150 BCE - 30 BCE):

Distinct Features: Massive stone structures, pylons, obelisks, hieroglyphic carvings, hypostyle halls,
axial symmetry.

2. Ancient Greek Architecture (c. 800 BCE - 600 CE):

Distinct Features: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, columns, pediments, entablatures, friezes,
symmetrical proportions, emphasis on harmony and balance.

3. Romanesque Architecture (c. 800 - 1200 CE):

Distinct Features: Thick walls, rounded arches, barrel vaults, heavy columns, small windows,
decorative arcading, large towers.

4. Gothic Architecture (12th - 16th century):

Distinct Features: Pointed arches, rib vaults, flying buttresses, stained glass windows, verticality,
intricate tracery, ornate decoration, large rose windows.

5. Renaissance Architecture (14th - 17th century):

Distinct Features: Symmetry, proportion, classical elements, domes, arches, pilasters, pediments, use
of mathematical principles, emphasis on harmony and balance.

6. Baroque Architecture (17th - 18th century):

Distinct Features: Dramatic and dynamic forms, use of light and shade (chiaroscuro), elaborate
ornamentation, large domes, curved lines, grandiose facades.

7. Rococo Architecture (18th century):

Distinct Features: Ornate decoration, asymmetry, curving forms, delicate motifs, pastel colors, playful
and frivolous elements, emphasis on detail and craftsmanship.

8. Neoclassical Architecture (late 18th - early 19th century):

Distinct Features: Symmetry, balance, classical orders, pediments, columns, clean lines, restrained
ornamentation, inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman architecture.
9. Art Nouveau (late 19th - early 20th century):

Distinct Features: Organic and curvilinear forms, floral motifs, sinuous lines, decorative ironwork,
stained glass, use of new materials like glass and wrought iron.

10. Modernism (early 20th century):

Distinct Features: Simplified forms, clean lines, use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete,
functionalism, absence of ornamentation, integration of buildings with their surroundings.

11. International Style (1920s - 1970s):

Distinct Features: Minimalist aesthetics, asymmetrical compositions, use of steel and glass, white or
neutral colors, open floor plans, emphasis on function and efficiency.

12. Postmodernism (1970s - 1990s):

Distinct Features: Eclectic mix of architectural styles, historical references, playful and decorative
elements, use of bright colors, irony, and symbolism.

13. Contemporary Architecture (1990s - present):

Distinct Features: Varied and diverse styles, sustainable design practices, innovative use of materials
and technology, emphasis on flexibility and adaptability, incorporation of cultural and contextual
elements.

It's important to note that these movements overlap in different regions and their influences may be
seen in later architectural styles. Additionally, there are numerous other movements and regional
styles that have emerged throughout history, contributing to the rich tapestry of architectural design.

Indian architecture has a rich and diverse history that spans thousands of years. It has evolved and
been influenced by various dynasties, cultures, and religions that have shaped the architectural
landscape of the country. Here is a broad timeline of Indian architecture along with some of its
salient design features:

1. Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE): The architecture of this ancient civilization is
characterized by well-planned cities, advanced drainage systems, and the use of baked brick as a
primary building material. Examples include the Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro and the iconic city of
Harappa.
2. Maurya Empire (322-185 BCE): During this period, monumental stone architecture emerged, with
the construction of Ashoka's pillars, stupas, and cave temples. The Sanchi Stupa is a notable example
of Mauryan architecture.

3. Gupta Empire (320-550 CE): Gupta architecture is marked by the development of temple
architecture, with stone as the main construction material. The temples of Sanchi and Tigawa are
prominent examples.

4. Chola Dynasty (850-1250 CE): Known for their magnificent Dravidian-style temples, Chola
architecture features grand entrance gateways (gopurams), tall pyramid-shaped towers (vimanas),
and intricately carved stone sculptures. The Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur is a prime example.

5. Mughal Empire (1526-1857 CE): Mughal architecture represents a fusion of Indian, Persian, and
Islamic styles. Key features include bulbous domes, minarets, arches, and intricate geometric
patterns. The Taj Mahal in Agra and the Red Fort in Delhi are iconic examples of Mughal architecture.

6. British Colonial Era (1858-1947 CE): British colonial architecture in India is characterized by the use
of Western architectural styles, such as neoclassical and Gothic revival, combined with Indian
elements. Examples include the Victoria Memorial in Kolkata and the Gateway of India in Mumbai.

7. Post-Independence (1947-present): Modern Indian architecture reflects a blend of traditional

elements with contemporary designs. Notable architects like Charles Correa and B.V. Doshi have
contributed to the development of this style. The Lotus Temple in Delhi and the Indian Institute of
Management in Ahmedabad are renowned examples.

It is important to note that this timeline and the associated architectural styles are a simplified
overview, as the regional variations and complexities within Indian architecture are vast and diverse.