NURSING MANAGEMENTS

Monitor vital signs for changes

APLASTIC
Assess manifestations of activity
intolerance. Ask the client to rate
perceived exertion on a 0-10 scale.
Assess the specific cause of fatigue.

ANEMIA
Assess the client’s ability to perform
activities of daily living (ADLs) and the
demands of daily living.
Assess the risk of falling and enforce
applicable strategies.
Assess emotional response to limitations
in physical activity.
Record intake and output
Monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC
counts, and reticulocyte counts.
Allow verbalization of feelings regarding ssociated with: infections, medications,
limitations. Members: radiation, or toxins
Aid in a gradual increase of activities to Goyala, Janella Hannes B.
tolerance as the client’s strength Lawagan, Angiela Rose C. on-cancerous
progresses. Marcos III, Marino Andrei D.
Orpilla, Allysa Megan D.
Avoid IM injections due to altered clotting
Wag-e, Dawnmurph Dharlene P.
ability maciated: weight loss due to decreased
appetite
Educate patient to:
1. Not take aspirin due to the effect on
platelet aggregation (clotting acrocytic: enlarged red blood cells
ability).
2. Plan to take rest periods during
activities because of fatigue. nfection: increased risk of infection due
to decreased white blood cells
3. Only use an electric razor to decrease
risk of bleeding owing to decreased
cute: can develop suddenly
platelet count.
4. Call your physician, nurse practitioner,
or physician assistant for signs of
bleeding or bruising.

WHAT IS
APLASTIC ANEMIA?
It is an autoimmune disorder
that decreased production
of red blood cells, white
blood cells, and platelets.
NORMAL VALUES:
RBCs: 4.5-5.0
million/mm3
WBCs: 4,500-
11,000 cells/mL
Platelets: 150,000-
400,000 mcL
CAUSES:
May be unknown or idiopathic
The immune system is attacking and
getting rid of bone marrow which is
necessary for creating new blood
cells.
Chemotheraphy, radiation, and some
medications such as anticonvulsants
Certain medical conditions: lupus
Inherited conditions: Fanconi anemia,
Dyskeratosis congenita
MANIFESTATIONS
✔ Symptoms vary from person to
person, depending on which type
of blood cells are affected and the
cause of the disorder.
✔ In the early stages of MDS, you
may
have only mild symptoms or no
symptoms at all.
Fatigue due to hypoxemia
Weakness owing to tissue hypoxia
Shortness of breath as oxygen
carrying capability is diminished
Pallor due of lack of oxygen
reaching superficial tissues
Arrhythmias, murmurs, or heart
failure as the cardiovascular
system has difficulty with
decreased oxygen supply
Infections due to low WBC
production, causing decreased
ability to fight infection
Fever because of infection
Bruising (ecchymosis), and tiny
subcutaneous (SC) hemorrhages
(petechiae) due to decrease in
platelets, altering clotting ability
Bleeding from mucous
membranes (GI tract, mouth, nose,
vagina)
MEDICAL
MANAGEMENTS
A stem cell transplant
to rebuild the bone
marrow with stem
cells from a donor
might be the only
successful treatment
option for people
with severe aplastic
anemia.
Immunosuppressants
are for people who
can't undergo a bone
marrow transplant or
for those whose
aplastic anemia is due
to an autoimmune
disorder, treatment can
involve drugs that alter
or suppress the
immune system
(immunosuppressants).
Prognosis
The bone marrow dysfunction may be
slow-onset or sudden. The lifespan of
the RBC is longer than the platelets and
WBC, so the anemia may show up later
than the effects of losing the other cells.
Some exposures to toxic agents or
medications are severe and potentially
fatal in susceptible individuals.
Patients with severe aplastic anemia
typically need hospital care. In some
individuals with severe aplastic anemia,
the disease will be fatal