Experiment Number:

Date: August 14, 2023

Name:

Registration number:

Acid-Base Titration of Hydrochloric Acid with Sodium Hydroxide

Objective:
To determine the concentration of a hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution by titrating it with a sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) solution of known concentration.

Introduction:
Acid-base titration is a common method used to determine the concentration of an acid or base
solution. The reaction between HCl and NaOH is a classic example of a neutralization reaction.

HCl + NaOH —--> NaCl + H2O

Materials and Equipment:

Unknown normality Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), 0.1 N Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), Phenolphthalein
indicator, Burette, Conical flask, Pipette etc.

Procedure:
1. Using a pipette, transfer 10.00 mL of the NaOH solution into an conical flask, add some
water, (say 30 ml).
2. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the flask, results pink color solution.
3. Fill the burette with the unknown HCl solution.
4. Add HCl solution drop by drop to the NaOH solution while swirling the flask.
5. The solution will change from pink to colorless as the endpoint (neutralization reaction
completed) is reached.
6. Note the initial and final volumes of HCl solution from the burette.

Data and Observations:

Experiment # Volume of NaOH initial Reading on Final Reading on Volume of HCl
In ml Burette, R1 Burette, R2 (R2-R1) (ml)
1 10 0 xx xx-0
 2 10 xx xxx xxx-xx
3 10 xxx xxxx xxxx-xxx
Average -- -- -- Sum/3

Calculations and Results:

The equivalence Formula:

N1 * V1 = N2 * V2

[suggested reading about this formula]

Where N1 = Normality of Known solution (NaOH) = 0.1 N

V1 = Volume of the known solution (NaOH taken from pippet) = 10 ml

N2 = Normality of unknown solution (HCl) = ?? N (to calculate)

V2 = Volume of the unknown solution (HCl) = average value of table (say 10.3 ml)

N2 = N1 * V1 / V2

= 0.1 * 10 / 10.3 N

= 0.097 N

Now let us calculates concentration in grams/100ml

1 mol of HCl = 36.5 gm

Equivalent weight = Molecular weight /(no. of replaceable H+/OH- OR Valency)

Equivalent weight of HCl = 36.5/1

Amount of HCl in 1L = Normality * Equivalent weight

0.097 eq. mol of HCl in 1 L = 0.097 * (36.5 /1) gm in 1L

= 3.54 gm in 1 L

= 0.354 gm in 100 ml (you got 100 ml)

Discussion: (if any)
The concentration of the HCl solution was determined to be approximately 0.097 mol/L through the
titration with NaOH. This result is within an acceptable range of the expected concentration. [write
more]

Conclusion:
The objective of the experiment was successfully achieved by accurately determining the
concentration of the HCl solution. The calculated concentration was 0.0898 mol/L, indicating that
the experiment was carried out effectively.

References:
Any book you used ?

The student remarks on experiment:

Sources of Error: 1. regular water instead of distilled water.

Identify any potential sources of error that could have influenced the results or affected the accuracy
of the experiment. How could it be improved?

Safety: Mention any safety precautions taken during the experiment, including proper handling of
chemicals and protective equipment used. If not, what facility is needed in your laboratory.

Did your laboratory includes eye wash facility, emergency exit, fire extinguisher, well-ventilated
windows, safety googles, lab coat, waste managements.

Remarks: Please mention any remarks if you have and not mentioned above.