IEEE PES ISGT ASIA 2012 1569526719

Research on Idle Load Grid-Connection Control

for Indirect Matrix Converter Excited Doubly-
Fed Wind Generator
Junrui Wang and Yanru Zhong

 these topologies is the direct two-stage power converter or

Abstract-- Indirect matrix converter has a real DC link, but
does not contain large DC link energy storage capacitors
compared with conventional PWM converters. Combined with
the advantages of indirect matrix converter, AC-excited
generation technique and vector control scheme, the system of the
doubly-fed wind power generation excited by indirect matrix
converter is established. The indirect matrix converter realizes
rectifier and inverter control with dual space voltage vector
modulation. Based on the mathematical models of the doubly-fed
induction generator (DFIG) system before the grid-connection, it
will make DFIG stator voltage changes with the grid voltage
simultaneously by application the control strategy of the grid
voltage orientation. The simulation and experimental results
show that the indirect matrix converter excited doubly-fed wind
power generation system impact current is little, the control
strategy is feasible.
Index Terms-- indirect matrix converter; doubly-fed wind
power generation; grid voltage orientation; idle load grid-
connection.
indirect matrix converter, show in Figure 1. Recently, DFIG
wind power generation grid-connection control has become the
hot spot of the international community. The paper [4]
proposes grid-connection control based on stator flux oriented
vector control technology. The paper [5] proposes idle load
cutting-in grid control based on stator flux oriented vector
control technology. The paper [6] proposes idle load grid-
connection control based on direct power control. Limited
research has been done on grid-connection control based on
indirect matrix converter. This paper proposes idle load grid-
connection control based on indirect matrix converter as the
excitation source. The rotor currents are controlled using vector
control strategies using a dq reference frame aligned with the
grid voltage. The control strategy was studied by simulation
and experiment. Simulation and experimental results validated
the correctness and validity of the control strategies.

I. INTRODUCTION

W ind energy is a kind of renewable resource that has good

developing potential and wind power generation
technology has been gained attention in recent years[1] .
Variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) generation is the
main developing direction of wind power generation
technology at present. It employs a doubly-fed induction Fig. 1. Indirect matrix converter

generator using two back-to-back voltage source PWM

converters in the rotor circuit.
II. CONTROL OF THE INDIRECT MATRIX CONVERTER
On the other hand, there is an increasing interest on direct
frequency power converters[2,3]. These topologies offer an all The input stage of the indirect matrix converter provides a
silicon solution for ac-ac convertion, with sinusoidal input and positive DC voltage by switching the input line voltage. The
output currents without passive components in the DC link output stage generates the PWM voltage required by the
existing in the back-to-back converter based systems. One of load[7,8].
A. PWM Method for the Input Stage Converter
This work was supported by Shaanxi provincial project of special foundation Supposing the expression of input voltage is:
of key disciplines.
Junrui Wang is with the School of Automation and Information Engineering,
Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048 China; the School of Electrical
and Information Engineering, North University for Ethnics, Yingchuan 750021
China (e-mail: jr09110111@163.com).
Yanru Zhong is with the School of Automation and Information Engineering,
Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048 China(e-mail:
Zhongyr@xaut.edu.cn).

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
 u a  V m co s  a  V m cos(  i t )

 2  (1) sec 2
 u b  V m co s  b  V m co s( i t  )
 3 sec 3
sec1

 2
 u c  V m cos  c  V m cos(  i t  3 )
sec 4 sec 6
In equation (1): ωi is the input angular frequency, Vm is the
amplitude of input voltage. We can divide three phase input sec 5

voltage into six sectors so that there is a positive DC voltage in

Fig. 3. Voltage space vector and reference output voltage vector
DC side and we can get a biggest output voltage and a smaller
switch loss. These sectors are depicted in Figure 2. The
3Vm
reference current vector is chosen in phase with the voltage in In actual system, the average DC voltage is .
order to have a close-to-unity power factor operation at the 2 cos in
converter input. So that the time durations of U1, U2 and U0 while 0 < θ <
π/3 are:
 2 
T1  3 m sin( 3   )Ts cos i n

 2
 T2  m sin( )Ts cos  in (8)
 3
 T0  Ts  T1  T2

Fig. 2. Sector definition for the input stage converter 
In the equation, θ is phase angle of voltage space vector
For example, in the first sector u a is positive and maximal, U, m is modulation factor of the inverting part, T s is the
then phase a is always conducted in rectifier circuit. Phase b switch period.
and phase c are modulated.
So the mean value of DC voltage in one period is:
udc  d ab uab  d acuac (2)
d ab  d ac  1 (3)
In the equation, dab, dac is duty ratio of uab and u ac in one
period.
dab, dac can be expressed as,
Ts
cos  b
d ab   (4)
cos  a Fig. 4. PWM sequence for the proposed converter
cos  c (5)
d ac   The time sequence of the inverter side switching is shown in
cos  a Figure 4. The various time intervals in the figure can be derived
Substituting (1), (4) and (5) in (2), one obtains as:
3Vm (6) T1,ab  d abT1 , T2,ab  d abT2 , T0,ab  d abT0 ;
u dc 
2 cos  a
T1,ac  d acT1 , T2,ac  d acT2 , T0,ac  d acT0 (9)
Utilizing the same approach, one can obtain the
From Figure 4, the switching pattern could be arranged in
corresponding duty ratio and switching state for all other
order to minimize the commutation losses in the input stage, by
circuit conditions. The average value of DC voltage
commutating the input converter when the zero vectors are
during each of these switching cycles is
applied to the output stage.
3Vm
udc  (7)
2 cos in III. CONTROL OF VSCF WIND POWER GENERATION
Where, cosθin= max (|cosθa|, |cosθb|, |cosθc|). The stator of DFIG is directly connected to grid and its rotor
is excited by the indirect matrix converter. Energy flows
B. PWM Method for the Output Stage Converter bidirectional in indirect matrix converter. The block diagram of
The output stage is a voltage source inverter and a DFIG wind power generation excited by the indirect matrix
standard space vector modulation is used. The voltage converter is shown in Fig.5. The frequency of the rotor exciting
space vectors in the inverting stage and the reference current can be controlled as the wind speed is changed so that
output vector are shown in Figure 3. the frequency of output power can be fixed at grid frequency.

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The condition of VSCF wind power generation flexible If grid voltage orientation is adopted, then
cutting-in grid is that the frequency, phase, and magnitude of usd  1 Lm irq  U s
stator voltage are nearly equivalent to that of grid voltage. The  (14)
mathematic model of DFIG in synchronous rotating dq  usq  1 Lm ird  0
coordinates are[9-11]: From (14) we get
usd  Rs isd  p sd  1 sq  ird  0
u  R i  p    
 sq s sq sq 1 sd  Us (15)

 
(10) irq    L
u
 rd  R i
r rd  p rd  s rq  1 m
urq  Rr irq  p rq  s rd Neglecting stator resistance Rs, and vector control of grid

voltage orientation is adopted, we get
 sd  Ls isd  Lm ird '
 urd  ( Rr  Lr p)ird  s Lr irq  urd  urd
 sq  Ls isq  Lm irq  '
(16)
 (11) urq  ( Rr  Lr p)irq  s Lr ird  urq  urq
 rd  Lm isd  Lr ird
Equation (16) can be used as the basis for the rotor current
 rq  Lm isq  Lr irq
 inner-loop controller of DFIG before idle load grid-connection.
Idle load grid-connection diagram based on grid voltage
orientation is shown in Fig.6.
Before idle-load cutting-in grid is  0 , its correlative terms
can be eliminated, so the algorithm is relatively simple.

 
 
 
 

Fig. 5. Block diagram of DFIG wind power generation

Where Ls  Lm  Lls , Lr  Lm  Llr . Lls , Llr , Lm are 


respectively stator, rotor leakage inductance and mutual
inductance; us and is are the stator voltages and currents; ur 
and ir are the rotor voltages and currents, respectively; Rs and
Rr are the stator and rotor resistances; 1 and s are the
synchronous angular frequency and the slip angular frequency;
The subscripts s and r denote stator and rotor quantities; The Fig.6. Control block diagram of DFIG idle load grid-connection
subscripts d and q denote direct and quadrature components
referred to the synchronous rotating frame.
Before idle lode grid-connection, the stator is open. There IV. SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
are constraint relations: isd  isq  0 . Substituting the To verify the correctness and availability of the scheme, the
simulation and experiment are implemented individually. The
constraint relations in the stator and rotor flux-linkage
parameters are: rated power of DFIG P=4kW, frequency
equations, we can get
f=50Hz, the stator resistance Rs=1.172Ω, the rotor resistance
 sd  Lm ird Rr=0.427Ω. The stator leakage inductance Lls=0.006H, the
  L i
 sq m rq rotor leakage inductance Llr=0.008H, magnetizing inductance
 (12)
  rd  Lr ird Lm=0.161H. The control system is controlled by
 rq  Lr irq TMS320F2812 DSP and CPLD controller, where the
characteristic of wind turbine is imitated by asynchronous
Substituting (12) into (10) we get
motor to implement the experiments for grid-connection of
 usd  Lm pird  1 Lm irq DFIG excited by indirect matrix converter. Fig.7 is the block
 u  L pi   L i
 sq m rq 1 m rd diagram of control system.
 (13)
u
 rd  R i
r rd  L r rd  s Lr irq
pi
urq  Rr irq  Lr pirq  s Lr ird

3
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100

80

60

40

20
0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12
Fig. 9.DC-link voltage of indirect matrix converter
Simulations of the proposed control strategy for a indirect
Fig. 7. Block diagram of wind power generation system
matrix converter excitation DFIG generation system were
performed using Matlab/Simulink. In Fig.8(a), the simulation
0.05 results show that the rotor current component ird and irq quickly
track the given value. Fig.8(b) give the grid voltage and stator
voltage before grid-connection and the error, the grid voltage
0 and stator voltage fit very well, and the error is almost zero.
Fig.9 presents the intermediate DC-link voltage of indirect
matrix converter. Due to the lack of capacitors, the DC-link
-0.05 voltage is not constant.
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

-2

-4

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3

Fig. 10. DC-link voltage of indirect matrix converter
(a)

200

-200
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Fig. 11. DC-link current of indirect matrix converter
200

100

-100
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
Fig. 12. Waveforms of the stator voltage and grid voltage
(b) before grid-connection
Fig. 8. The simulation curves of grid-connection

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(a)n=1200r/min

Fig. 16. Waveforms of the stator voltage and rotor current

after cutting-off grid-connection
Fig.10~14 show the experimental waveforms of the control
strategies. Fig.10 and Fig.11 gives the waveforms of DC-link
voltage and current of indirect matrix converter. The DC- link
voltage is not constant as well as current. Fig.12 gives the
waveforms of grid and stator voltage before grid-connection,
their frequency, amplitude and phase fit very well. Fig.12
shows the waveforms of stator voltage and stator current at the
(b)n=1500r/min moment of grid-connection, Fig.13 shows the waveforms of
stator current and rotor current at the moment of grid-
connection at different speed. From stator current and rotor
current at different speed, no dash current is produced, so it is
soft grid-connection. Fig.14 shows the waveforms of stator
voltage and rotor current after grid-connection.
Fig.15 gives the waveforms of stator voltage and current
when the stator cutting-off. It can be seen that it is flexible
cutting-off. Fig.16 gives the stator voltage and rotor current
when cutting-off.

(c)n=1700r/min
Fig. 13. Waveforms of the stator current and rotor current at the moment of V. CONCLUSION
grid-connection at different speed The idle load grid-connection control strategy of DFIG
excited by indirect matrix converter based on grid voltage
orientation has been studied in this paper, indirect matrix
converter as excitation power supply. Stator voltage can be
rapidly controlled to meet the condition of the grid-connection
and no dash current is produced at this moment. The simulation
and experimental results show that the idle load grid-
connection control strategy of the indirect matrix converter
excited doubly-fed wind power generation system is feasible.

Fig. 14. Waveforms of the stator voltage and rotor current
after grid-connection
Fig. 15. Waveforms of the stator voltage and stator current
after cutting-off grid-connection
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