Mathematics

Third Quarter–Module 3
Parallel Lines Cut by a
Transversal

Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Third Quarter – Module 19: Relationships Between Angles and Lines
First Edition, 2020
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 7
Mathematics
Third Quarter –Module 3
Parallel Lines Cut by a
Transversal

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 Lesson
Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal
1

What’s New

Activity 1: Identify Me!

Let’s Find Out: The Names of the Angles
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Identify the angles formed in the figure.
b. Write the answers on your answer sheet.
Number 1 is done for you.

1. Which of the angles are interior angles? Answer: ∠ 3, ∠ 4, ∠ 5, ∠ 6

2. What do you call ∠ 1, ∠ 2, ∠ 7, and ∠ 8? _________
3. What pair of angles is ∠ 3 and ∠ 5? _____________
4. Name all pairs of interior angles on the same side of the
transversal. ________________
5. Can you name what pair of angles is ∠ 1 and ∠ 7? ___________
 What Is It

From the given figure above, ⃡MN and ⃡RS are parallel lines. ⃡XY cuts ⃡MN
and ⃡RS at distinct points. ⃡XY is what we call a transversal line.

The table below shows the descriptions and examples of transversal

lines, angles, and pairs of angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal
line.

Angles Formed by Parallel Lines Cut by a Transversal

Two lines cut by a Kinds of Description Example

transversal angles
formed
1. Interior Angles formed ∠ 5, ∠ 6, ∠ 3,

Angles between the two and ∠ 4

parallel lines cut by a

transversal

2. Exterior Angles formed outside ∠ 8, ∠ 7, ∠ 1,

the two parallel lines and ∠ 2
Angles
cut by a transversal

Do you know that interior angles and exterior angles can be paired?
Such pairs are called alternate interior angles, alternate exterior angles,
corresponding angles, interior angles on the same side of the transversal, and
exterior angles on the same side of the transversal. These pairs of angles are
related to each other; such relations will be discussed in the next lesson.
 Two lines cut by a Pairs of angles Description Example
transversal formed
1.Alternate Two interior angles ∠ 6 and ∠ 3
Interior which are not
Angles adjacent and on the
opposite side of the
transversal

2. Alternate Two exterior angles ∠ 7 and ∠ 1

Exterior Angles which are not
adjacent and on the
opposite side of the
transversal
3. Corresponding Pair of interior and ∠ 8 and ∠ 3
Angles exterior angles
which are not
adjacent and on the
same side of the
transversal
4. Interior Angles Pair of consecutive ∠ 5 and ∠ 3
on the same side interior angles on
of the transversal the same side of the
transversal

5. Exterior Pair of consecutive ∠ 8 and ∠ 1

Angles on the exterior angles on
same side of the the same side of the
transversal transversal

Therefore, if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, the angles formed are:
a. 4 interior angles
b. 4 exterior angles
c. 2 pairs of alternate interior angles.
d. 2 pairs of alternate exterior angles
e. 4 pairs of corresponding angles
f. 2 pairs of interior angles on the same side of the transversal
g. 2 pairs of exterior angles on the same side of the transversal
Corresponding Angles and their Relationships

Definition Corresponding Angles

Corresponding Angles ∠ 1 and ∠ 6 corresponding angles
- a pair of an interior angle and Suppose m∠ 1 = 120o, then m∠ 6 = 120o.
exterior angle which are not
adjacent and on the same side of We say ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 6.
the transversal.

∠ 2 and ∠ 5 corresponding angles

Suppose m∠ 2 = 60o, then m∠ 5 = 60o.
We say ∠ 2 ≅ ∠ 5.

Therefore, if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal:

a. there are four pair of corresponding angles formed; and
b. corresponding angles are congruent.

Alternate Interior Angles and Their Relationships

⃡ parallel to line XY
In the figure, MN ⃡

cut by a transversal line PR.

Discussion
1. ∠6 ≅ ∠1 because they are corresponding angles.
2. ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 3 because they are vertical angles.
3. Since ∠ 6 ≅ ∠ 1and ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 3
by substituting ∠1 with ∠ 3,
so ∠ 6 ≅ ∠ 3.
4. ∠ 6 and ∠ 3 are called alternate interior angles.
5. Therefore, alternate interior angles are congruent.
Alternate Exterior Angles and Their Relationships

In the figure, ⃡MN parallel to line ⃡XY

cut by a transversal line PR.

Discussion
1. ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 6 because they are corresponding angles.
2. ∠ 6 ≅ ∠ 7 because they are vertical angles.
3. Since ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 6 and ∠ 6 ≅ ∠ 7 by substituting ∠6 with∠ 1, so ∠ 1 ≅ ∠ 7.
4. ∠ 1 and ∠ 7 are called alternate exterior angles.
5.Therefore, alternate exterior angles are congruent.

Therefore, if two or more parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then

alternate interior angles and alternate exterior angles are congruent.

Interior Angles on the Same Side of the Transversal and their

Relationship
From the figure above, ⃡LM and ⃡KN are parallel
⃡ .
lines cut by a transversal RS
We will now identify the relation between two
interior angles on the same side of the transversal.

Discussion
1. ∠6 and ∠2 are supplementary because they are linear pairs.
2. ∠6 ≅ ∠3 because they are alternate interior angles.
3. Since ∠ 6 and ∠2 are supplementary and ∠ 6 ≅ ∠ 3 by substituting ∠6
with ∠ 3, so∠ 3 and ∠2 are supplementary.
4. ∠3 and ∠2are interior angles on the same side of the transversal.
5. Therefore, interior angles on the same side of the transversal are
supplementary.
Exterior Angles on the Same Side of the Transversal and their
Relationship
From the figure above, ⃡LM and ⃡KN are parallel
lines cut by a transversal ⃡RS.

We will now identify the relation between two

exterior angles on the same side of the
transversal.

Discussion
1. ∠1 and ∠5 are supplementary because they are linear pairs.
2. ∠5 ≅ ∠4 because they are alternate exterior angles.
3. Since ∠1 and ∠5 are supplementary and ∠5 ≅ ∠4 by substituting ∠5
with ∠ 4, so ∠1 and ∠4 are supplementary.
4. ∠1 and ∠4 are exterior angles on the same side of the transversal.
5. Therefore, exterior angles on the same side of the transversal are
supplementary.
Therefore, if two parallel lines are cut by a transversal then, a pair of
interior angles and a pair of exterior angles on the same side of the
transversal are supplementary.
 What’s More

Activity 2: Pair Me!

Let’s Find Out: The Angles Formed if Two Parallel Lines are Cut by a
Transversal Line
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Using figure 1, copy and complete table below.
b. Use the number in naming the angles.
c. Write the answers on your answer sheet.
Number 1 is done for you.

Figure 1. ⃡MR parallel to ⃡NS cut by transversal ⃡KL

Kinds of Angles Formed by

Answers (in any order)
Parallel Lines Cut by Transversal
1. Alternate Interior angles A. ∠6 and ∠3 B. ∠2 and ∠7
2. Alternate Exterior Angles A. B.
3. Corresponding Angles A. B.
C. D.
4.Interior Angles A. B.
C. D.
5.Exterior angles A. B.
C. D.
6. Interior angles on the same side of A. B.
the transversal.
7.Exterior angles on the same side of A. B.
the transversal
 Lesson Basic Geometric Constructions Using a
2 Compass and a Straightedge

Definition of Terms:
Instrument Description
Compass A compass is an instrument used to draw circles and arcs. It
consists of two arms for a sharp point and a pencil.

Straightedge A straightedge is an instrument with an edge free from curves. It

is simply straight and is used for sketching straight lines, or
checking the straightness of lines.

What’s New

Activity 3: Divide Me!

Let’s Find Out: Equal Parts
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Perform the indicated task in each figure.
b. Write the answer on your answer sheet. Number 1 is done for
you.

Figure Task
1. Rope Draw a rope in a form of a line and divide
it into two equal parts.

Pie Draw a pie in a form of a circle and divide

2. it into 4 equal parts horizontally or
vertically.
(Your turn!)
Pizza Draw a pizza in a form of a triangle and
3. divide it into two equal parts vertically.
(Your turn!)
 What Is It

Construction in geometry means to draw geometric figures accurately

using a compass and a straightedge with no numbers involved. A ruler can be
used as a straightedge, but you ignore the markings. This is purely the form of
geometric construction.

Bisecting Line Segment Using a Compass and Straightedge

Steps Illustrations
1. Adjust the width of the compass to Bisecting ̅̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 .
more than half the length of the given
line segment. Using the measured
width, from point C, label it as arc 1.

C D
2. Make another arc below the given line.
The radius of this arc is the same as the
radius of arc 1. Label it as arc 2.

C D

3. Using the same compass width as that

of arcs 1 and 2, make another arc from
endpoint D. This arc should pass
through arc 1. Label it as arc 3. Label
the intersection of arcs 1 and 3 as point C D
O.

4. Without changing the width of the

compass, make another arc below the
given line segment. It should pass
through arc 2. Label this as arc 4. Label C
D
the intersection of arcs 2 and 4 as point
P.

5. Using a straightedge, connect point O

and point P. Line OP now bisects ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 .

C D
 ̅̅̅̅ .
Erasing all unnecessary arcs, we now have line OP that bisects 𝐶𝐷

C D

Line Segment Bisector

A bisector is a line or a segment that divides a figure into two equal parts.
Illustration of Line Segment Bisector
Figure Description
H ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑇 is bisected by ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐸.
̅̅̅̅̅ which is 8
Given the measure of 𝑀𝑇
M A T cm,
MT = 4 cm and AT = 4 cm
By definition, a line segment
E bisector divides the line segment
Given: Let MT = 8 cm into two equal parts.
̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐸 bisects ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑇 Therefore, ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐴 =𝐴𝑇̅̅̅̅.

Bisecting an Angle Using a Compass and Straightedge

Let us bisect ∠PEN using a compass and a straightedge.

Steps Illustration
1. Make an arc from the vertex that passes
through ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐸 .

2. Without changing the width of the compass,

make another arc that passes through ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑁 .

3. Set the point of the compass at the

intersection of arc 1 and ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐸 . Draw an arc at
the middle of the angle.
 Steps Illustration
4. Repeat the process to the other side of the
angle without changing the width of the
compass.

5. Using a straightedge, draw a line that passes

through the intersection of two arcs and the
vertex of the angle.

Angle Bisector
Figure Description
̅̅̅ is an
If m ∠ PES = m ∠ SEN, then ES
angle bisector of ∠ PEN.

Constructing Perpendicular Lines Using a Compass and Straightedge

⃡ and which passes through point Y.

Let us construct a line perpendicular to 𝑊𝑋
Steps Illustration
1. Place the point of the compass at point Y. Adjust the
width of the compass to make an arc that passes
through ⃡𝑊𝑋. Label the intersection of the arc and the
line as point A.

2. Using the same compass width, make an arc at the

other side of the line segment. Label the intersection
by the arc and the line as point Q.

3. Place the point of the compass at point A. Adjust the

width of the compass until it becomes more than half
⃡ .
the distance of AQ. Draw an arc below 𝑊𝑋

4. Without changing the width of the compass, place the

point of the compass at point Q. Make another arc
below line WX. It should pass through the previously
drawn arc. Label the intersections of 2 arcs as point
B.
 Steps Illustration
5. Using a straightedge, draw a line that passes through
point Y and the intersection of the two arcs. This line
is perpendicular to ⃡𝑊𝑋.

⃡ is perpendicular to 𝑊𝑋
Erase all unnecessary arcs. 𝑌𝐵 ⃡ .

Constructing Parallel Lines Using a Compass and Straightedge

In constructing parallel lines,

let us consider the figure.
Here are the steps in constructing a line
⃡
parallel to 𝑊𝑋 that passes through a given point Y.

Steps Illustration
1. Construct a straight line that passes through
line WX and point Y using a straightedge. Mark
the intersection as point A.
2. Using a compass, draw an arc from point A that
passes through line WX and YA. Label it as arc
1.

3. Draw another arc from point Y. The radius of

this arc is the same as the radius of arc 1.
Label it as arc 2.

4. Adjust the compass such that its width is the

distance between the intersections of arc 1 and
line YA and arc 1 and line WX.

5. Using the measured width, make an arc from the

intersection of arc 2 and line YA. This arc should
pass through arc 2. Label the intersection of the new
arc and arc 2 as point Q.
 Steps Illustration
6. Using a straightedge, draw a straight line that
passes through point Y and point Q. This is now
the line YQ. Line YQ is parallel to line WX.

Erase all unnecessary arcs and lines, we now

constructed a line YQ that is parallel to line WX.

What’s More

Activity 4: Construct Me!

Let’s Find Out: Line Segment Bisector, Angle Bisector, Perpendicular Lines,
Parallel Lines
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet, compass, straightedge and ball pen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Read each task carefully.
b. Perform what is asked using your compass and a straightedge.
c. Write the answers on your answer sheet. Number 1 is done for you.

To-Do Task Answer

1. ̅̅̅̅ .
Bisect line segment 𝐸𝐻

2. Bisect line segment ̅̅̅̅

𝐺𝐻.

3. Bisect the given angle.

 To-Do Task Answer
4. Construct perpendicular lines through the
given point.

5. Construct parallel lines through the given

point.

What I Have Learned

Activity 5: Complete Me!

Let’s Find Out: The Missing Terms
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Complete the following sentences by choosing your answer from the
words inside the box.
b. Write the answers on your answer sheet.
Number 1 is done for you.

parallel lines bisector accurately linear pair

transversal supplementary perpendicular
congruent Adjacent exterior

1. Two angles form a linear pair if and only if they are adjacent angles, and
their uncommon sides are opposite rays.
2. Lines that lie on the same plane and do not intersect are called _____.
3. Two lines are _____ if and only if they intersect to form four right angles.
4. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, a pair of interior angles which
are not adjacent and on the opposite side of the transversal are _____.
5. _____ angles are two angles which have a common vertex and a common
side and their sum is 1800.
 Assessment

Directions: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of the answers on
your answer sheet.
1. Refer to the given figure, which of the following angles are adjacent?
A.∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐷 and ∠ 𝐸𝐵𝐶 C. ∠ 𝐷𝐵𝐸 and ∠ 𝐸𝐵𝐶
B. ∠ 𝐴𝐵𝐸 and ∠ 𝐷𝐵𝐸 D.∠ 𝐶𝐵𝐷 and ∠ 𝐸𝐵𝐷
2. Which of the following statements is always true?
A. If two angles are adjacent, then they are linear pair.
B. If two angles formed a linear pair, then they are complementary.
A. If two angles form a linear pair, then their sum measures 900.
B. If two angles formed a linear pair, then one of the two angles is an acute
and the other is an obtuse.
3. Which figure below represents parallel lines?

1 2 3 4

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
Electric Wire Post Kite Road Lines/Markings Cross Road Sign
4. Which statement is true when we use a compass and
straightedge to create an angle bisector of ∠ABC in the
figure?
A. 2 (m∠ABD) = m∠DBC C. 2 (m∠DBC) ≠ m∠ABC

B. 2 (m∠DBC) = m∠ABC D. 2(m∠ABC) = m∠ABD

5. Which of the following statements is always true?
A. If two lines intersect, then they are perpendicular.
B. If two lines intersect, then they formed four right angles.
C. If two lines are perpendicular, then they will never meet even if extended
infinitely.
D. If two lines intersect and formed four right angles, then they are
perpendicular.
6. Which pair of segments are parallel?
𝐴. ̅̅̅̅
𝐺𝐻 , ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐹 ̅̅̅̅, ̅̅̅̅
C. 𝐻𝐷 𝐴𝐸
 ̅̅̅̅, 𝐺𝐸
𝐵. 𝐶𝐷 ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ , 𝐶𝐺
D. 𝐵𝐹 ̅̅̅̅
7. Which is a transversal line in the figure below?

⃡
A. AB ⃡
C. MN
⃡
B. BA ⃡
D. XY
8. What pair of nonadjacent interior angles are on the opposite side of a
transversal?
A. alternate exterior angles C. complementary angles
B. alternate interior Angles D. corresponding Angles
9. What is the sum of two exterior angles on the same side of the transversal?

A. 450 B. 900 C. 1800 D. 3600

10. If two angles form a linear pair and the measure of one angle is 300, what is
the measure of the other angle?
A. 600 B. 900 C. 1500 D. 1800

Additional Activity

Activity 6: This is Me!

Let’s Find Out: Applications of the Transversal Line
Let’s Use These Materials: Answer sheet and ballpen
Let’s Do It This Way:
a. Identify the angles formed in the figure.
b. Write the answers on your answer sheet.
Number 1 is done for you.
 Given Answer
1. Interior Angles 1. ∠3, ∠4, ∠5, ∠6,
2. Exterior angles 2.
3. Alternate Interior Angles 3.
4. Alternate Exterior Angles 4.
5. Corresponding Angles 5.

Answer Key

Assessment
What I Know Additional Activity
1. C Activity 6
1. D
2. C Given Answer
2. C
3. B
1. Interior Angles 1. ∠3, ∠4, ∠5, ∠6,
3. BC
4.
4. DD 2. Exterior angles 2. ∠1, ∠2, ∠7, ∠8
5.
6. AD
5. 3. Alternate Interior Angles 3. ∠5 & ∠3, ∠4 &∠6
6. C
7. A 4. Alternate Exterior Angles 4. ∠8 & ∠2, ∠1 &∠7
8. BC
7.
8. CB 5. Corresponding Angles 5. ∠1 & ∠5, ∠2 & ∠6
9.
9. C
10. C ∠4 & ∠8, ∠3 & ∠7
10. C