Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur

B.E. (EE) Part II 4th Semester ltinal Examination, April2015

Subject: ELECTRICAL MACHINES - II (EE-402)

Full Marks:70 Time: 3 hours

Answer any six questions taking three_.lfio4q %qh half
Two marks are reserved for neatness in each half
Graph papers will be supplied, if needed.

First half
1. (a) A 400 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz, 3-phase delta corurected cage rotor induction motor has the
following data: 11 :0.72 Q, r'z :0.6 (), xl: x'z: 1.57 O, X*:24 A and r. :200 O (symbols
having their usual significance).
Derive in brief expressions for slip at pJak torque and peak power following an exact model for
tlre maclrine for a constant supply voltage. Assuming a full load slip of 3o/o, evaluate the rated

torque, rated stator current and the corresponding magnetizing current. Draw the phasor diagram
showing the voltage, back eml magnetizing current and stator current.
(b) Miat will happen if appropriate 3-phase supply is fed to the rotor windings of a 3-phase
slip ring induction machine keeping the stator terminals shorted? Answer with a brief and clear
explanation. @!lL+Z:ll\

2. The following termir-ral test data relate to a l0 hp, 400V, 3-phase, 50H2, 4-pole delta-connected
squirrel cage induction motor:
No-load test: 400V, 6A, 500W
Blocked rotor test: 100V, l5A, 900W
The stator (liot) dc resistance measured between any two stator terminals under hot condition is
1.6O. Draw the circle diagram and evaluate the following: (i) input current, (ii) p.f. (iii) slip and

(iv) efficiency at rated load. Also find,(v) the maximum torque and (vi) the slip for maxirnum
torque. Separate marks are reserved for neat drawing of the circle diagram, the details and
clarity of working out the steps. (6+5=11)

3. (a) The following test results were obtained from a 3-phase, 20 h.p., 400 V, 50 Hz 6-pole
induction motor. No load: 400 V, 10 A, power factor 0.8; blocked-rotor: 200V, 50 A, power
factor: 0.415. Derive the equivalent circuit parameters.

w'*3
 (b) With appropriate diagram validate that induction generators operate at leading pf. How can
this generator be utilized to supply power to lagging loads?
(c) If the machine in part (a) above is to be run as an.isolated induction generator, with the
stator frequency being 50 Hz, what should be the value of the capacitor that is to be connected at
no load but to develop rated tenninal voltage? Also mention whether the corresponding speed
should lrave any lower or upper constraint. (6+2+3:ll)

4. (a) The winding particulars of the stator of a 30 hp,415 V,4-pole, 3-phase, delta-connected
squirrel cage induction machine are given below:
(i) Total no. of slots :48
(ii) winding arrangement : double layer
(iii) no. of tums per coil :4
(iv) coil pitch: short pitched by one full slot pitch
Calcnlate the amplitude of the space fundamental component of the resultant armature mntf at
full load. The efFrciency and operating pf may be taken as 89%" and 0.88 respectively. Show the

calculation steps with brief clarification for the caiculations. Draw the waveform of the resultant
armature rumf for one pole pair.

(b) What is breadth factor of a distributed armature winding of an ac machine? Derive an

expression for breadth factor. Also find the limits of the value of breadth-factor. (413+4:11)

5. (a) Starting from basic principles of electromechanical energy conversion, show with
appropriate derivations that the toique developed in a d.c. machine is given by,

T: Iq qp I", where symbols have their usual significance.

(b) Graphically draw the ampere cdnductor distribution in the slots and hence derive the

waveform of the air-gap mmf of a 12 slot, 2-pole, double-layer wound dc machine. Indicate tire
assumptions and basic prinoiples on which it is based.

(c) In a 3-phase machine, the effect of short-pitching and over-pitching an armature coil are
same.- Is the statement true or false? Justify with proper logic. (6+4+1=11)

Second Half
6. Justif,i the validitv of the following statements with proper reasonins:
(i) A three phase induction motor operates at a low power factor under no-load condition.
(ii) The air gap between the stator and the rotor in a three ph4se induction motor should be as
small as practicable.
(iii) Tappings are generally provided on the high voltage side of a transformer.
(iv) For the same amount of iron and copper, an auto transformer of a higher MVA rating can be
designed than a two winding transformer.

f*r
(1 2"L 3 U
(v) At lower values of frequency, maxirnum torque for a three phase induction motor is reduced
in a constant V/f control. (2+3+2+2+2:lL)

7a) Sketch the torque-speed characteristics ofathree phase squirrel cage induction motor and
explain how this will change under the following conditions:
(i) Rotor resistance is doubled, keeping stator voltage and frequency unchanged.
(ii)Applied voltage is halved, frequency and rotor resistance remaining unchanged.
(iii) Both the applied voltage and frequency are halved, rotor resistance remaining unchanged.
b) Explain how a single-phase load between line to neutral can be supplied in a star/star/delta
connected three winding transformer having separate magnetic circuits.
c) A 6600/3000/400V, star/star/delta three-winding transformer has per unit resistance drops of
0.006, 0.007, 0.008 and per unit reactance drops of 0.03, 0.028, 0.034 for its primary, secondary
and tertiary windings, respectively, on a l500kVA rated-voltage base. The magnetising current
drawn is 5A. Find the voltage regulations (primary-secondary, primary-tertiary, secondary-tertiary,
tertiary-secondary) for a three phase balanced load of 1500kVA at a power factor of 0.8 (lagging)
on secondary and 600kVA at a power factor of 0.6 (leading) on tertiary, Q+2+6:11)

8a) Describe three methods of conversion from three to six phases with suitable circuits and
phasor diagrams.
b) Explain the basic prx?oses of a tertiary winding in a three-winding transformer.
c) What are tap-changers? Why it is required? Explain the operation of a center-tapped reactor
type on-load tap changer with necessary diagram.
d) What are the advantages and disadyantages of using an auto tfansformer?
e) What is a NEMA Class-D type of tlree phase induction motor? (3+2+2+2+2=ll)

9a) A 440Y, 60H2,3 phase, 6 pole squirlel cage induction motor developes a maximum torque of
2.5 times the full load torque at a speed of 1020 rpm when fedfrom the rated voltage and frequency
source. If the motor is now fed from a 400V, 50Hz source, determine
(i) magnitude of maximum torque in terms of full load torque,
(ii) speed in rpm at which the maximum torque occurs.
b) Develop the single-phase equivalent circuit of a three winding transformer including the
exciting current. Hence explain how the parameters ;urd tlie voltage regulations of a three-
winding transformer can be determined. (5+6:11)

10a) The Hopkinson test on two identical DC shunt machines gave the following results for full
Ioad:
Line voltage :250Y
Line current (excluding field currents) = 50A
Motor armature current: 380A
Field currents are 54. and 4.2A
Calculate the efficiency of each machine. (A.ssume hot armature resistance of each machine :
0.02o).
b) Explain Swinburne's test to determine no-load losses of a DC shunt machine. What are the
advantages and limitations of this test? '
c) With the help of a neat circuit diagram explain the principle of operation of a gtounding
transformer. (5+3+3=11)

P,2- I "S s
 1& - 4-t4

Shibpur
Indian Institute of Engineering Science snd Technology'
Examination' 2016
Dual Degree B. Tech - M Tech (EE) 4'h Semester Final
Subject: Electrical Mlchines- II (EE 401)
Fult Marks: 70

(i) answeranv six FULLquesriom taking tkee fron each half

(ii) Two mark;ar€ res€ryed for neatness in each half
(ii,) Gmpb pape6 willbe supplied, ilasked for

First HaU

LThefollowingtestdatarelatetoa3'2hp,400V,3-phase'50H2'4-poledeltaconnected
squinel cage induction motor:
Noload t€st: 400V, 1.2 A, 385 W
Blocked rotor test: 105 v, 8 A, 510W
under hot condition is 0 24C)'
The (hot) resistance measured between any two stator terminals
Draw the circle diaglam and evaluate the following:
(i) input line current' (ii) p't' (iii) slip and
for maximum torque'
{iv\ the efficiencv at rated toad, (v) the maximum torque and (vi) the slip
;;;;;;;;;;;. ;;;.wJ foineat ,lrawing ofthe circle diagram aod claritv orworking out'
[6+5=1r]
p 400 V' 50 Hz' 6-pole
? I al The followinq test resuits $ere obtaine'l from e 3-phase' 20 h '
power factor
;il:,i;;;;;;;. n"" 1""d,'+oov, ton, po*"' ru"tor 0 8tshort-circuit: 200v' 50 A'
having ionstant tor+re of 1?5 N m Estimat€-tho possible
6.+i!.-ifr" -oa, a.*us a load
o".""no*" i"a*tan * the supply vo-ltage before the motor stalls Assume that the copper losses
ire equaiiy divided berween lhe slalor and the rotor'
lbllftheabovemachineistoberunasanisolatedinductiongeneratol,withthestator
SO Ur, what shotlld be the value of th€ capacitol
connecled to the terminals at
i..**o-t"t,U
t no ioad but devrloping raled lerminal \oltdge?
(c) Why is it told that inaluction generators operate at leading pfl
[6+3+2=lr]

l.(a)The wirding particulars ofthe staror ofa 15 hp,415 V,4-pole' 3-phase' delta-cornected
squirrel cage induction machine are given helo$:
(i) Total no. ofslots = 36
(ii) rviDding: dou'cle layer with no of tums per coil
: 4

(iv) coil pitch: tulI Pitch

armature mmf
Calculale the amplitude of the space fundam€ntal component ofthe resultant
and operating pfmaybe tal(en as 88o/o and 0 8? respeclively' Show
frii fo"a. fn"
"t "fft"i"ncy
the calculation steps wilh briefclarification for the calculations'
Derive
lb) What are pitch factor and breadth factor ofth€ amature winding of an ao machine?
erpressions.,also tind the limits ofrhe value olbreadth-factor'

Page 1of3
 De ve an expression for the same'
(c) What is meant by a sinusoidal curent sheet?
[5+5+l=111

4,(a)A550v,3-phase,50Hz,6-poleinductionmotorilevelops30hp(inc]uding2.hpmecha.
lo'sc' are 2kw and p't is 0'88'
.,irir"t"., "i, #L ot 9so 'prn' tt't to"tspondrng stalor
'C^f",,f"i"1fi iv) the line current and (v)
if," ,ffp, tii) the input power, (iri) ihe ove-rall eflrcrency' t
ir" nu*t"i'"f *-pl"i.
cyclesihe rotor emfmakes in a rotation
(b) Thl) machile spcclfied ln 3(a) abovc was seen to
exhibit a peculiar low speed ruDning at
to* rrd' ils rated speed of xhout 1460
around 210 RPM wh,le it s as rccelelat'ng from standstill
possible to solvelhis proble[ by
ipfti.-C"" ,"" ia*,if, at Ieast one ofthe'possible causes? ls it
Xffi;,il*#I;i;;.iit, .r'"'g"a *i'iai"s pitch? lf ves' specirv the prtch of rhe new
"
winding arrangement?
(c) what is slot skewing? Clarify in briefwhy it is done.
[5+4+2=lrl
energy conversion' show with
5. (a) Sta(ing from basic principles of electromechanical AC machine is
;r;;;;;;; ;";;"i,;r; *,nt *,' io'qu" a'*ioped in a cvlintlrical rotor 3-phase
given by,
T",= - (d2) (P/2)'?'<PP M"sin6a
where, syrnbols have their usual significance
mmfofa l2 'lot' 2-pole double-lerer
tbl Ulaphicatly derive the w3veform ofrhe 'ir'pao
lr,trnddcmachrne,lndicatelheassumPtlonscnc-brsicprincipte.onwhichitisbased, [6rs=11]

Second Half

6. Justify the validity olthe following statements with reasons:

in a three-phase iniluction motor is independent
of
a) The lnaximum electromagnetic torque
rotor circuit resistance.
the space for
b) The slots ofa double-cage il1duction
motor have a narrow constiction betw€en
piacing top and bottom rotor bars
motors are not Senerally staded direct-on-lire'
c) Larger rated squinel cage induction
induction
in the oquivalent circuit modelling ofan
dl The magnetising branch may be ignored
motor under blocked rotor condlhon'
operating ranse of
pole remains almost constant over the no'mol
e) The resultant air-gap flux per
a three-phcse induction motor
l2+z+2+3+Z=l l1
induclion molors lo oblaiD diflerenl speeds'
7 al f\Dlaur the ca<.ade conneclion oIslrf_rins morors
;,;;;'.'#';.;,;; ;ilie ipeeo" rtra " irr'ue plssrble given two 'lip+ing inducrion
a indtrcllon motor.wilh lhc
h) Find a sllitable duto-ffans[ormer mtio lor 'tarting 'quirrcLcagc dl"
t.,li road"currenr' rhe motor hdc rhe rollowins
:,il;i;ff:ffiil;.""a z'i
'i,n* 'r'" full load curent'
sho circuit currenF 5 times the
Full load slip = 4%;

Page 2 of 3
 Also ftEd the ratio of staring torque to fulI load torque.
If the motor is to be started direct-on-line what will be the ratio of starting torque to full-
load torque?

c) What is aD ioduction generator aod how it operates? Give two aPplications ofa squinel cage
induction motoi in g€ne.ating mode.
I4+4+3=lU
8.a) A thrce-phase, 6 pole, 50 Hz, induction motor at mted voltage and ftequency has a maxi'
mum torque;f 240% and starting torque of 170% of tull load torque. Caloulate (i) speed of the
motor at maxirnum torque (ii) speed of the motot on full load operation.
b) A thrce-phase, star-connected double cage induction motor is connerted to 44!V-mains The
impedance; of the rotor of the inner and outer cages at stand still conditio[ arc (0 02 +
j0 5) ohm

-a 1O.OS +jO.Z; ot-, tespectively. Find the ratio of the torque developed by outer cage to the
torque deveioped by innor cage (i) at startittg (ii) when running with a slip of4% (Neglect stator
impedance).
15+6=111

9. a) Caloulate the rclative values of stafiing curIeots and stafii[g torques of a three-phase
squinel cage induction motor when it is stafled by (i) ditecFonline starter (ii) star delta starter
(iii) auto-harsformer \Yith 60% tappillg.
b) A th&€-phase itrductioo urotor runs at a slip ftequency of2 Hz when supplied from a tkee-
plase, 400 V, 50 Hz source. Find the slip frequency at which the motor will rutr when fed from a
ikee-phase,300 V, 30 Hz suppl, if it has to dcvelop the sarne torque. The slip at maximum
torque for 50 Hz operaiion is 0. i. Neglect siaior impedance anii assume a lincai torque-slip
cha&cteristic botween zero torque and maximum torque in the operatitrg zone.
Is+6=1ll
lO. a) Explain the operating principle ofa pole-changing motor using consequent pole
tochniquis. Discuss how three different torque-speed chaEcteristics are obtained by pole-
chadging and by suitable connections amongst the tkee phases.
b) Explain how speed of a slip ring induction motor catr be changed by chaflging the rotor circuit
resistance. What arc the limitations ofthis m€thod?

c) Explain in details how the speed ofa ttree-phase induction motor can bo co[trolled by V/f
method. Sketch the torque-speed characteristic for V/f method. Also sketch the torque-speed
characteristic of the motor for variable frequency and constarlt voltage opemtion.
I5+3+3=1rl

Page 3 of 3
 I 0 ,LY\^ 2r '4' 1+

TNDTAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SHIBPUR

B.TECH-M. TECH DUAL DEGREE IEEJ 4th SEMESTER FINAL EXAMTNATTON, 2017

' ELECTRTCAT MACHTNES - Ir [EE_401)

FULL MARKS:70 TIME: 3 Hrs
(i) Use separale alswer scripts for each half
(ii) Aaswer any SD( questions taking THREE ftom each half
(iii) Two marlcs are reserved for neatoess in each half

First HaH

1 . The following test data relate to a 7 .5 hp, 22Oy ,3-phase, 60Er..4-pole delta connected squirrel cage

induction motor:

No-load test: 220Y , 5.7 A,3 80 W

Blocked rotor test 55 V ,20 A, 1 160W
The (hot) resistance measured between anlz two stator terminals uader hot condition is 0.175 f).
Draw the circle diagram and evaluate the foliowing: (i) input line currenl (ii) p.f., (iii) slip and
(iv) the efficiency at rated load, (v) the maximum torque and (vi) the slip for maximum torque.
Separate marks are reserved for neat drawing of the circle diagram and clarity of working out-

(6+2+O

2. (a) For the data sPecified in question 1 above evaluate the equivalent circuit parameters and find (i)
input line curren! (ii) p.f., (iii) slip and (iv) the efficiency at rated load, (v) the maximum torque
and (vi) the slip for maximum torque, following the exact equivalent circuit approach. (Here,
consider the rated speed as l/.5O rpm)

o) if the machine ln 1 above is to be run as an isolated induction generator,

with the stator frequency being 60 Hz, what shouid be the value of the capacitor connected
to the
termiaals at no ioad but developing rated terminal voitage?
@fi)
3. (a) The winding particulars of the sLator of a 10 hp, 4lsY,4-pole,3-phase, delta-connected
squirrel
cage induction machine are giveu below:
(i) Total no. of slots : 36
(ii) winding : double layer with no. of turns per coil : 4
(iv) coil pitch: short pitched by one slot
Calculate the amplitude of the space fundamental component of the resultant armature
mmf at
full load' The efficiency ald operating pf may be taken as 86Yo and 0.85 respectively. Show the
calculation steps with brief clarification for the calculations.
(b) What is breadth factor of the armature winding of an ac machile? Derive
expression forthe same.
Also find the limiting values of breadth-factor for a 600electrical phase spread.

'--!L- *1r3
P^r6-t
 (c) Derive expression for pitch factor of coil in a distrjbuted winding. In a 3-phase machine. the effect
of short-pitchrng and over-pitching an aflnature coil are same.- Is the statement true or false?
Justify with proper logic. (4+2+Z+ZIL)

4. (a) In case, the machine specified in 3(a) above. was wound for 2-poles and had 18 stator slots with
unchanged electncal ratings/specificatron, draw the actual slot current distribution and the
mmf
waveform at an instant when R-phase passes through its 300 elect-ical instant (assuming RyB
sequence and taking R-phase as reference). You may assume current to be unrformiy distibuted
in
each slot at each tnstant. Thereafter, superpose the modified current and mmf distribution for a
large number of slots per phase belt.
(b) What may be the possible slot numbers of the rotor (write 2 alternatives) for the machirre specified
in question 3(a) above if it is desired that harmonic synchronous torques are to be prevented? State
and derive the relation between stator and rotor slot numbers, as applicable to a SeIM, rn support of
your answer.
(c) why is slot skewing done in Ms? @+z+2+2+t)

5. (a) Starting from basic principles of electromechanical energy conversion, show with appropnate
derivations that the torque developed in a d.c. machhe is given by,

T: k, ep.Ir, where symbols have their usual significance.

ft) Graphically derive the waveform of the air-gap mmf of a 12 slo! 2-pole, double-layer wound dc
machine and superpose the idealised mmf waveshape on the same. Clearly and in appropriate
details, state the assumptions and basic principles on which your answer is based. (6+l+2)

Second flalf
5. Justifu the validity of the followiag statements with proper reasonirg:

a) SIip in a three-phase induction motor is drectly proportional to torque when operating near
synchronous speed.
b) A three-phase rnduction motor takes more mapetising curent as compared to a fransformer.

c) Power factor of a three-phase hduction motor is low at no-load-

d) At lower values of frequency maximum torque is reduced in V/f control of a three-phase
. induction motor.
e) With a star-delta starter, a three-phase squirrel cage induchon motor behaves as if it were started
by an auto transformer starter with 58% tapping. (2+2+2+2+3:11)

1 . a) Explain the cascade connection of slip-ring induction motors to obtain different speeds. Find the
expression of the speeds that wjll be possible given two slip-ring ilduction motors-

?"-- 2 t3
-4-----+--
 b) A 50 kw, 400v, three-phase, 4=pole, 50 FIz siip-ring induction motor develops a maximum
torque of 240%o of full-load torque at a slip af 20%o when working under rated voltage and
frequency and with slip rings short-circuited. Determine (i) fuIl-load slip, (ii) rotor copper
loss at
ful]-load, (iii) full-load torque and starting torque (in N-m). Negject stator impedance and
rotational losses. (5+6:11)
8'a) A three-phase, 4-pole, 400 V, 50 Hz double cage rnduction motor has per phase standstill
leakage
impedances of (2.0 + j2.0) ohm and (0.5 +110.0) ohm fortop cage and bonom
cage respectively.
Find the ratio of the torque produced by top cage and bottom cage (i) at starting (ii)
when running
with a slip of 5Yo. Q.leglect stator impedance).
b) With the help of torque-speed characteristic, explain how the speed of a three-phase induction
motor can be conkolled by varying the supply frequency, keeprng the input voltage
to the motor
constant' Hence show that starting torque is inversely proportional to cube of the
supply
frequency while maximum torque is inversely proportional to square of the supply
frequency.
what are the short comings of this method of speed contror?

c) What is NEMA Class-D type induction motor? What are its applications? (5+4+2:11)
9' a) A three-phase squirrel cage induction motor develops a maximum torque equai to 200% of full
load torque' The per phase rotor resistance and per phase standstill reactance
referred to the stator
are 0'2 ohm and 2.0 ohm respectively. Neglecting stator impedance, determine
the ratio of the
motor starting torque to its full-load torque, if the motor is started by (i) direct-on-line
starter, (ii)
star-delta starter, (iii) auto-transformer starter with 7 o% tapping.
b) With the help of an equivalent circuit and torque-speed characteristic, explain how the
desirable
features of high starting torque and low operating slip in a three-phase induction
motor are
achieved using a double cage rotor.
c) Explain the operating principle of a pole-changing motor using consequent poie techaique.

(5+3+3:11)
10 a) A 15 kw, three-phase,400 V,4-pole, 50H:., squirrel cage induction motor develops afull-load
torque at 1485 r.p.m at rated voltage and frequency. If the motor is fed from 2s Hz source, with
its voltage adjusted to give same air-gap flux as at 50 Hz, calculate (i) magnitude of 25
Hz
voitage source, (ii) speed of the motor so as to produce same full-load torque as that
at 50llz.
b) What are the various methods of starting of a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor?
Explain
the star-delta method of starting and compare the starting lile current and starting torque with that
of a direct-on-line starting.
c) What are the limitations of speed control of three-phase ilduction motor using stator voltage
control? (5+4+2:11)

3 3
 zLla[rB

Indian Institute ofEngineering Science and Technology, Shibpur

Dual Degree B.Tech-M.Tech (EE) 4tn Semester Final Examination, 2018

SUbJECI: ELECTRICAL MACHINES - II (EE'401)

Full Marks: 70 Time: 3 hours

(i) Ans\rer any six questions taking three from each half
(iD Two marks are riserved for neatness and orgarized ansvi€a_script in each ha'lf
(ii0 Graph papers will be supplied, ifneeded.
Qv) 115e
'sapa-n te- c"',s.'re-..rif t jo' e,-.'l- -9'J+
First half

1.(a)A400V,3-phase,50Hz,3-phasedeltaconnectedcagerotorinductionmotorhasthe
following data: rr4-72 {l' r'2 ={.6 o, xl : x'2 = 1'57 tt, \tt:24 c) and r. =200 o (symbols
having their usual significance).
Derive in brief expressions for slip at peak torque and peak power following an exact model for
the machine for a constant supply voltage. Assuming a fult load stip of 3%, evaluate the Iated
torque, rated stator current and the conesponding magnetizing current. Draw the phasor diagram
showing the voltage, back emf, magnetizing curent and stator current'
(b)Whatwillhappenifappropriate3.phasesupplyisfedtotherotorwindingsofa3-phase
slip ring induction machine keeping &e stator terminals shorted? Answel in brief with clear
explanation. @+3+2+2)

2. The following test data relate to a 4 hp, 400v, 3-phase, 50H2, 4-pole star connected squirrel
cage induction motor:
No-load test: 400 V' 3.2 A, 330 W
Blocked rotor test: 105 V, 8 A' 510 W
The (hot) resistance measured between any two stator terminals under hot condition is 0.5 C).

Draw the circle diagram and evaluate the following: (i) input line cu ent, (ii) p.t, (iii) slip and
(iv) the efficiency at rated loa4 (v) the maximum torque aI]d (vi) the slip for maximum torque.
Separate marks are reserved for neat drawinq ofthe circle diagram and clar f workin out
(6+s)

3. (a) The following test results were obtained from a 3-phase, 20 h p', 400 V, 50 Hz, 6-pole
induction motor. No load:400 V, l0 A, power factor 0.8; blocked-rotor: 200 V, 50 A, power
factor-O.4i5. Derive the equivalent circuit parameters and dlaw the per phase equivalent circuit.

-,
 (b) If the machine in part (a) above is to be run as an isolated induction generator, with the
stator fiequency being 50 Hz, what should be the value ofthe capacitor that is to be at no load but

to develop rated terminal voltage?

(c) What is skewing of rotor or stator of an induction motor? Why is it done? Write down the
expression for the skew factor for the nG harmonic. (6+2+3)

4. (a) The winding particulars of the stator of a 30 hp, 415 V, 4-poie. 3-phase, delta-connected
squirrel cage induction machine are given below:
(i) Total no. of slots:48 (ii) winding arrangement: double layer (iii) no. oftums percoil =4
(iv) coil pitch: short pitched by one full slot pitch (v) skewing: NIL
Calculate the amplitude of the space firndamental component ofthe resultant armatl)re mmf at
full load. The efficiency and operating pf may be taken as 89olo and 0.88 respectively. Show the

calculation steps with brief clarification for the calculations. Draw the waveform of the resultant
armatwe mmffor one pole pair for any chosen time-phase or instant ofthe supply.
(b) What is breadth factor of a distributed armature winding of an ac machine? Derive an

expression for breadth factor. Also findthe limits ofthe value of breadth-factor. (tL+4)

5. (a) Starting from basic principles of electromechanical energl conversion, show with
appropriate derivations that the torque developed in a DC machine is given by,

T= k 9p I", where symbols have their usual significance.

(b) Graphically draw the ampere conductor distribution in the slots and hence derive the

waveform ofthe air-gap mmfofa 12 slot, 2-pole, double-layer wound DC machine. Indicate the

assumptions and basic principles on which it is based.

(c) In a 3-phase machine, the effect of short-pitching and over-pitching of an armature coil are

same.- Is the statement true or false? Answer with proper logic. (5+4+2)

Second half
6. Justi! the validity of the following statements with proper reasoning:
a) Under normal operating speeds, rotor core loss is usually neglected in athree-phase induction
motor.
b) Per-unit leakage reactances are higher in induction motor than in transformer.
c) Power factor ofa three-phase induction motor is low at no-load.
d) Relative speed between stator field and rotor field is zero in a three-phase induction motor.
e) At lower values offrequency maximum torque is reduced in V/fcontrol ofa thee-phase induction
motor.
(2+2+2+2+3=ll)
2 3
 *ilqlts

7.a) Explain the operating principle ofa pole-changing motor using consequent poie techniques.
Discuss how three different torque-speed characteristics are obtained by pole-changing and
by suitable
connections amongst the three phases.
b) A three-phase,420 v, 6 pole, 50 Hz, 100 kw srip-ring induction motor with its rotor winding
short-circuited has a full-load slip of 0.04 and slip at ma.timum torque is 0.2 when the motor
is operated
at rated voltage and frequency. Neglecting stator resistance and rotational losses determine (i)
maximum
torque (in N-m) and (ii) slip at maximum torque when the rotor resistance is doubled by adding
extemal
series resistance with the rotor circuit. (5+6=11)

8.a) A three-phase,400 v, double cage induction motor has a standstilr per phase reakage impedance
of (0.3 - j0.4) ohm for the outer cage and (0.1 + j 1.5) ohm for the inner cage_ Find the ratio
of outer to
inner cage torques at (i) starting (ii) at a slip of 5%. (Neglect stator impedance)
b) Derive the condition of maximum torque developed in a tkee-phase induction motor
and hence
prove that to increase the starting torque additional extemal resistance must be
added in series with the
rotor circuit.
c) What is NEMA Class-D type induction motor? What are its applications? (S+4+2=tt)

9. a) It is desired to operate a three-phase induction motor from a 440 V distribution circuit which is
designed to supply not more thar 1200 A. Ifa three-phase squirrel cage induction motor has a fullJoad
efficiencv of0.85, full-load power factor of 0.8 and starting current at rated voltage is 5 times
the full-
load current, what is the maximum permissibre kw rating ofthe motor, (i) if it is
started direct-onJine,
(ii) if it is started using an auto-tralsformer with 80% tapping (iii) if it is started using
a star-delta starter?
b) A three-phase, 50 Hz, 400 V, 6 pole slip-ring induction motor has a marimum torque o f 25ayo of
full-load torque. slip at ma.rimum torque is 0. r g. per phase rotor resistance is 1 .0 ohm
at 50 Hz.
Determine the minimum supply voltage required so that the motor can still supply its fulr-road
torque.
Assume thal the magnetic circuit is unsaJurated.
c) Explain in details how the speed ofa three-phase induction motor can be controlled by v/f
method. sketch the torque-speed characteristic for v/f method. Also sketch the torque-speed
characteristic for variable fiequency and constart volt-operation. (4+l+3=11;

10 a) What are the various methods of starting of a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor?
Explain
the auto-transformer method of starting and compare the staxting line curent and
starting torque with that
of a direct-on-line starting.
b) A three-phase, 440Y,60 Hq 6 pole squirrel cage induction motor develops a maximum torque
of 2.5
times full-load torque at a speed of 1020 r.p.m when fed ftom rated vollage and frequency
source. Ifthe
motor is now operated fiom 400 v, 50 Hz source, compute (i) magnitude of maximum
torque in terms of
fuil-load torque, (ii) speed at which maximum torque occurs.
[Neglect stator resistance]
(5+6:11)

3 7

x
 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SHIBPUR

Dual Degree (B.Tech - M.Tech) 4th Semester (EE) Final Examination, 20i9
. ELECTRICAL MACHINES - II @E.401)
Time: 3 hours Full Marks: 70
Use separat€ answe.-scdpt for each hall
Answer SIX questions, taking THREE from each half
Two marks are reserved for neatness in each half
Use $aph papers ifnecessary.

FIRST HALF
l- (a) The winding particulars of the stator of a l5 hp, 415 v, 4-pole, 3-phase, delta-connected
squirrel cage induction machine are given below:
(i) Total no. ofslots:36
(ii) winding anangement : double layer
(iii) no. of tums per coil = 4
(iv) coil pitch: short pitched by one full slot
Calculate the amplitude of the space fundamental component of the resultant armature mmf at full
load. The efficiency and operating pf may be taken as gg% and 0.g7 respectively. Show the
calculation steps with brief clarification for the calculations. Draw the waveform of the resultant
armature mmf for one pole pair.

(b) what are pitch factor and distribution factor of the armature winding of an ac machine?
Derive expressions for any one of them. What are the numerical limits of the distribution factor
for an usual double layer distributed winding? $+Z+}l}1Hi.)
2. (a) what are some of the detrimental effects of space harmonics in mmf waveforms of 3-phase

AC machines? ofthese, pick out one effect each due to harmonic induction torques and harmonic
synchronous torques.
(b) what is slot skewing of 3-phase AC machines? Derive, in brief, an expression for
slot skew
factor for the nth space harmonic component.
(c) If the machine with data as in el.(a) above has a 40 number of rotor slots, is there any
possibility of undesirable running at low speeds? Justifu. Also find out the possible
speed at which
the rotor may run.
@2+3 + +l+2:11

3. The following terminal test data relate to a 10 hp, 400v, 3-phase, 50H2,4-pole delta-connected

squirrel cage induction motor:

Noload test: 400V, 6.{, 500W
Blocked rotor test: 100V, 15A, 900W

Page I of4
 The stator (hot) dc resistance measured between any two stator terminals under hot
condition is 0.5 ohms. Draw the circle diagram and evaluate the following: (i) input cunent, (ii)
p.t (iii) slip and (iv) efficiency at rated load. Also find (v) the maximum output power and (vi)
the slip for maximum power. Separate marks are reserved for neat drawing of the circle diagram,

the details and clarity ofworking out the steps. (6+3+2:1 1)

a. (a) A 50 hp, 420 V, 3-phase, 10-pole, 50 Hz, delta connected induction motor has the following
equivalent circuit data:

11 =0.19Q, I'2 =0.29 A, X1 = 1', = 1.12 O, xm:16.8 Q and rs =143 f2.

Following an exact equivalent circuit-based model and assuming constant input voltage evaluate
under rated conditions (for a rated slip of 2.6%), (i) the input current, (ii) the power factor, (iii) the
torque and (iv) the efficiency. Show and justi! intermediate steps. Draw the complete phasor
diagram to proportionate scale showing the input voltage, current, back emf, the noload current
and the stator referred component ofrotor current.
(b) If the above machine is to be run as an isolated induction generator, with the stator
frequency being 50 Hz, what should be the value of the capacitor connected to the terminals at no

load but developing rated terminal voltage? Show the calculations andjustify them.
(c) Why is it told that induction generators operate at leading p (4+3+3+l=1 1)

5. (a) Starting from basic principles of electromechanical energy conversion, show with all
relevant and appropriate derivations that the magnitude of torque developed in a polyphase
AC machine is given by,

T- k .7, Iu sin 6, where symbols have their usual significance and symbols with ^ sign represent

peak values.

(b) Graphically derive the waveform of the air-gap mmf of a 12 slot, 2-pole, double-layer
wound dc machine. Mention basic principles (and assumptions) on which it is based.
(c) In a 3-phase machine, a short-pitched winding may appear over-pitched depending on the
phase sequence ofthe supply. Is the statement true or false? Justifo. (6+212+l=ll)

SECOND HALF

6. Justify the validity ofthe following statements with proper reasoning:

(a) The magnetising branch may be ignored in the equivalent circuit modelling ofan induction
motor under blocked rotor condition.
(b) The resultant air-gap flux per pole remains almost constant over the normal operating
range ofa three-phase induction motor.
(c) Power factor of a three-phase induction motor is low at no-load.
Page 2 of4
 (d) With a star-delta starter, a tkee-phase squirrel cage induction motor behaves as if it were
started by an auto transformer starter with 58% tapping.
(e) At lower values of ftequency maximum torque is reduced in V/f control of a three-phase
induction motor. (2+2+2+Z+3=ll)

7. (a) What are the various methods of speed control of a three phase induction motor? Explain
the operating principle ofa pole-changing motor using consequent pole techniques.
(b) A 400V, 50 Hz, 4-pole, 1400 rpm, star-connected squinel cage induction motor has the

following parameters referred to the stator: 12 = 1.0 ohm; xl= x2' = 1 .5 ohm
The motor is controlled fiom a three-phase voltage source inverter with constant V/f
control. Find the line-line stator voltage (in r.m.s) and frequency (in Hz) to obtain the
maximum torque at starting. fNeglect stator resistance and core and ratational lossesl

(2+3)+6:1 l)
8. (a) A three-phase, 400 V, double cage induction motor has a standstill per phase leakage
impedance of(0.35 +j0.45) ohm for the outer cage and (0.15 +j2.0) ohm for the inner

cage. Find the ratio ofouter to inner cage torques at (i) starting (ii) at a slip of 4%. (Neglect
stator impedance)

, (b) Derive the condition of maximum torque developed in a three-phase induction motor.
Hence show that maximum torque is independent ofthe rotor circuit resistance.
(c) Explain auto-transformer method ofstarting ofa three-phase squirrel cage induction
motor- (5+3+3=1 l )

9. (a) A three-phase squirrel cage induction motor when sta-rted by means ofa star-delta starter
takes 200% of full-load cunent(line) and develops 44% of full-load torque at starting.

Calculate the starting torque and starting current (line) in terms offull-load, if an auto-
transformer with 75o% tapping were used.
(b) Explain the cascade connection ofslip-ring induction motors to obtain different speeds.
Hence show that the mechanical power output ofthe two machines is approximately in

the ratio ofthe number ofpoles on the machines.

(c) If stator impedance ofa three-phase induction motor is neglected, then show that:
T2
r**i* Y**
Hence show that for small value ofslip occuning in the stable operating region,

Xs
smI

lSymbols have their xisual meaningsl (4+4+3=l 1)

Page 3 of4
l0' (a) Explain how the desirable features
of high starting torque and low operating srip
are
attained in a doubre cage three-phase induction
motor. Draw its speed-torque characteristic
and equivalent circuit.

(b) A three-phase, 4-pole, 50 H2,400 V delta

connected induction motor develops a
ma"yimum torque of 240 Nm at a speed of
1200 rpm. The rotor resistance is 0.2 ohm/phase
Calculate the additional rotor resistance required
to give a starting torque of 7 S%o of
maximum torque when the supply voltage is reduced
to 90% ofthe rated v alue.lNeglect
stator resistance and core and rotational lossesl.
(c) what is an induction generator and how
it operates? Give hvo apprications ofa squirrer
cage induction motor in generating mode. (4+4+(2+1) :lI)

Page 4 of4