Easy

Physics
Answering !
Technique
FORCE &
MOTION I
Skill: Decision Making
DREAM B IG
A IM HIGH
NEVER GIVE UP
alinaimanarif
 SPM FORMAT 2021
SUBJECT PHYSICS: 4531
PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPER 3
ITEM
(4531/1) (4531/2) (4531/3)
TYPE OF Written Test Experiment Test
INSTRUMENT
NO. OF 40 SECTION A: 1 PRACTICAL tasks
QUESTION structure: 8
(45699999)

(answer ALL questions)

(60 marks)

SECTION B:
2 questions
(choose 1)
(20 marks)

SECTION C:
1 question
(20 marks)

TOTAL MARKS 40 100 15

DURATION 1 Hour 15 Minutes 2 Hours 30 Minutes 45 Minutes
CONSTRUCT
Recall Recall Recall
Understand Understand Understand
Apply Apply Apply
Analyse Analyse Scientific Process Skills
Evaluate Manipulation Process Skills
Invent by applying

The key to
success is to
start before
you are ready
Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 2
 SPM FORMAT 2021
SUBJECT PHYSICS: 4531
Q1 Knowledge, understanding & application. [4 m]
Q2 Knowledge, understanding & application. [5 m]
Q3 Knowledge, understanding & application. [6 m]
Q4 Knowledge, understanding & application. [9 m]
SECTION A: Q5 Knowledge, understanding, application & conceptualize [9 m]
(Structure) Q6 Knowledge, understanding, application & conceptualize [9 m]
Q7 Knowledge, understanding, application & problem solving [9 m]
Q8 Knowledge, understanding, application & problem solving [9 m]

Knowledge [1 m]
Understanding [4 m]
SECTION B : Q 9 & Q 10
Application (quantitative) [5 m]
(Essay) Decision making [10 m]

CLOSED QUESTION: choose 1

Knowledge [1 m]
SECTION C : Q 11
understanding
conceptualize
[4 m]
[5 m]
(Essay) problem solving [10 m]

OPEN QUESTION: compulsory

1
SEDIA
AWA L
TUMPUAN
ULANGKAJI
Skill 1 – Understanding

LEARNING SKILL Skill 2 – Calculation

Skill 3 – Comparison
IN PHYSICS Skill 4 – Modification
Skill 5 – Decisions Making

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 3
| SKILL – DECISIONS MAKING
1.
EXAMPLE
Diagram 1 shows four tankers, P, Q, R and S, with different specifications. You are required to
determine the most suitable tanker to deliver oil safely. Study the specifications of all the four tankers
from the following aspects;
SPM 2007 • The type of brakes.
• The number of tyres.
• The number and size of tanks.
• The distance between the trailer and the tractor

Explain the suitability of the aspects. Justify your choice.

[10 marks]

Tanker

P Type of brake :
Air

Tanker

Q Type of brake :
Air

Tanker
Type of brake :

R
ABS
(Antilock Brake System)

Tanker
Type of brake :

S
ABS
(Antilock Brake System)

Diagram 1

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 4
answer:
Characteristics
The type of brakes
Explanation
• Lorry does not stop immediately //
• ABS/air brake Increase the time for lorry to stop //
Lorry does not skid
• More friction with ABS //
Prevent wheel lock/wheel does not lock //
Prevent lorry spinning on wet surface

The number of tyres • Can support heavy load

• Many tyres • Less damage to the road
• More than one • Low pressure coz surface area is high

The number and size of

tanks • Does not shake easily
• many small tanks • To increase stability

The distance between the

trailer and the tractor • To prevent collisions between the trailer & the
• Further distance tractor
• To reduce force // velocity

The best choice:

R
- ABS/air brake
- Many tyres//More than one
- 5 small tanks//many small tanks
- Further distance

“DON’T WATCH
THE CLOCK;
DO WHAT
IT DOES.
KEEP GOING.”
SAM LEVENSON

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 5
 Let's try
2. Diagram 2 shows a pile hammer used in driving a pile into the ground at a construction site.

SBP
2011

Diagram 2

Table 2 shows four arrangements of piling systems P, Q, R and S that being used to insert a pile
into the ground.

Study the specification of the four arrangements of piling system based on the following aspects:
(i) mass of the pile driver used to push the pile into the ground.
(ii) Height of the pile driver
(iii) Pile material
(iv) Shape at the base of the pile

Explain the suitability of each aspect and then determine the most suitable arrangement to be used
to insert the pile effectively.
Give reasons for your choice.

Arrangement of piling system

Arrangement of piling system
P Q

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 6
 Arrangement of piling system Arrangement of piling system

R S
Table 2
[10 marks]

answer:
Characteristic
Big mass of the load
High position of load
Steel pile
Sharp base of the pole
Reason
Produce bigger force
during impact
produce high velocity when strike the
pole
stronger // stiffer
produce high pressure // easy to
push the pole into the ground

Q
Big mass of the load
High position of load
Steel pile
Sharp base of the pole

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 7
 3.
Let's try
Encik Adli will be taking part in a four-wheel drive expedition to Taman Negara.
In the expedition, he will have to drive through a hilly and unpaved area, and to cross streams.
SBP Table 3 shows the characteristic of vehicles that can be used in the expedition.
2007
Engine Capacity Type of Diameter of
Vehicles Mass / kg
(cc) / cm3 engine tyre / mm
P 3 000 2 000 Diesel 800
Q 1 000 1 500 Petrol 400
R 2 000 2 500 Diesel 600
S 1 800 2 000 Petrol 500
T 1 500 2 500 Petrol 500

Table 3

You are asked to investigate the characteristics of the four wheel drive that can be used in the
expedition.
Based on the table as shown in Table 3, explain the suitability of each characteristics of the vehicles
in the table above and determine the most suitable vehicle to participate in the expedition.

[10 marks]

answer:Characteristic
high (mass)
high (engine capacity)
diesel engine
greater (diameter of tyre)
Reason
increase stability //
not turn over easily
increase power // greater thrust force
decrease the cost
reduce pressure exerted to the ground
// tyre not sink

P
high (mass)
high (engine capacity)
diesel engine
greater (diameter of tyre)

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 8
 Let's try
4. In a radio-controlled car racing competition, 4 mini-cars branded A, B, C and D took part.
The information of the 4 cars is given in the table above.
MODULE Details of the above information are given as below;
PAHANG
2016 Reaction time - Duration between the moment the radio-controlled is switched on and the moment
the car starts moving.

Resistance - Average value of opposing forces includes the friction between wheels and track, and
air resistance.

Reaction Engine thrust Resistance

Vehicles Mass / kg
time / s force / N force / N
A 0.3 1.5 10.0 4.0
B 0.5 1.8 12.5 2.4
C 0.2 0.9 6.5 2.2
D 0.6 2.5 16.0 6.5

Table 4

Explain the suitability of the properties in the above table in constructing a radio-controlled car racing
purpose. Hence, determine which brand of car will win the 50-metre race.

[10 marks]

answer: Characteristic
time reaction must be
short
has a small of mass
thrust force is high
friction force is low
Reason
fast to detect the signal to start its
move
to decrease the inertia //
easier to start move and to stop its
moving
has more power during its moving //
increase the acceleration
decrease the loss of force

A
has short of time reaction
small of mass
high of thrust force
low friction of force

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 9
 Let's try
5. You are asked to investigate the characteristics of each backhoe in Table 5 and
choose a backhoe that can do heavy works, an example of a backhoe is shown in Diagram 3.
Explain the suitability of the characteristics each backhoe. Determine the most suitable backhoe.
Give reason for your choice

Type of Size of Fluid used in Centre of

Mass Base area
Backhoe tyre hydraulic system gravity
P Large Liquid Large Large Low
Q Large Liquid Small Large Low
M Large Gas Large Small High
N Medium Liquid Large Medium Low
S Large Liquid Large Medium High

Table 5

Diagram 3
[10 marks]

answer:Characteristics
The size of tyre must be
big
Fluid used in the hydraulic
system is liquid
The mass must be big
The base area must be big
The center of gravity must
be low
Reason
To prevent the backhoe from sinking
into soft ground
Liquid has very low compressibility
The backhoe will be more stable
Ensure that the backhoe will not
collide
Stable from falling

P
tyre is big
fluid used in hydraulic system is liquid
has large mass
the base area is large
has low center of gravity

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 10
 FULL FORMAT
1. (a)
SECTION B:
Diagram 1.1 shows a loaded lorry and a car are moving at the same velocity.
Diagram 1.2 shows a boy suddenly come across through the road.

Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

(i) What is meant by velocity?

Rate of change in the displacement
[1 mark ]

(ii) Explain why it is more difficult for the lorry to stop?

• The lorry have bigger mass than the car.
• The lorry possess higher inertia
• It is always harder to stop a massive object (bigger mass, bigger inertia)

[3 marks]

(iii) What is the concept in physics involve in your answer (a)(ii)?

Inertia
[1 mark]

(b) Diagram 1.3 shows a boy (50 kg) was jumps down from a stage.
He lands on a cement ground at a velocity of 6 ms-1.

(i) The time taken to stop his motion is 1.0 s.

Find the impulsive force on his knees?

F = mv – mu
t

= 50 (0) – 50 (6)
1

= - 300 N
[2 marks]

Diagram 1.3

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 11
 (ii) Give the example so that the boy can reduce the impulsive force on his knees. Explain.
• He must bend his knees upon landing
• to lengthen the time of impact
• a longer time of impact will result in a smaller impulsive force
[3 marks]

(c) Diagram 1.4 shows an air bag being inflated during collision which stops the car abruptly.
The purpose of the airbag is to protect the driver and passenger from injury when the car is involved in
a crush.

Table 1.5 shows the characteristics of different

materials. You are required to select the best
material use to make the car airbag.

Explain the suitability of each characteristic and

determine the most suitable material for making
the car airbag.

Diagram 1.4

Tensile strength Density

Type Material Cost (RM)
(MPa) (g cm-3)
P Nylon 75 1.14 1200
Q Rubber 15 1.50 1000
R Polyester 37 1.39 2500
S Nylon 70 1.62 2000

Table 1.5

Characteristics
Material product from nylon
Tensile strength must be high
Density of the material must be small
Low cost
Explanation
Strong // light // not easy tear //
not easily heated up
Material must be strong so that it
will not break easily // not easy tear
Lightly // reduce the mass
Affordable

P
nylon
tensile strength must be high
small density
low cost

[10 marks]

TOTAL 20 marks

EVERY DAY MAY NOT BE GOOD

BUT THERE IS SOMETHING GOOD IN EVERY DAY

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 12
 TRIAL MARA 2019

2. Diagram 2.1 shows a cricket player hits a ball at high velocity.

Diagram 2.1

(a) What is meant by velocity?

Rate of change in the displacement
[1 mark ]

(b) Explain why the cricket player must swing his bat when hitting the ball.
• moving hand backward when swing the ball
(high gravitational potential energy)
• velocity increase (high kinetic energy)
• Change of momentum increases
• Time impact decrease, impulsive force increase
[4 marks]

(c) A cricket player hits a stationary ball of mass 0.15 kg. The ball moves forward with a velocity
60 m s-1 and the time of impact between the player’s bat and the ball is 5 ms.

(i) Calculate the impulse of the ball.

Ft = mv - mu
= 0.15(60) - 0.15(0)
= 9 Ns @ 9 kg ms-1
[2 marks]

(ii) Calculate the impulsive force of the cricket ball in SI unit.

F = mv – mu
t

= 9 / 5 x 10-3

= 1 800 N @ 1 800 kg ms-2

[3 marks]

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 13
(d) Diagram 2.2 shows a goalkeeper for field hockey game. You are assigned to study the characteristics
of a goalie equipment that will increase the safety of the goalkeeper during a tournament.

Diagram 2.2

Table 2 shows the characteristics of the goalkeeper’s equipment.

Set of The Thickness

Stick Density of Head Left Hand
Equip of the Leg
Material Protector Protector
ments Guard

K Carbon fibre High Hard Plastic Thin

L Wood High Hard Foam Thicker
M Carbon fibre Low Hard Foam Thicker
N Wood Low Hard Plastic Thin

Table 2

Choose the most suitable equipment to be used by the goalkeeper and provide the reasons for your
choice.

Characteristics Explanation
Carbon fibre Strong // lighter // not easy to break //
low mass
Low density lighter // low mass // easy to carry or
handle // portable
Left Hand Protector: Hard form easy to stop the ball // absorb
impulsive force // lengthen the impact
Thickness of the Leg Guard: Thicker increase the time impact // reduce
impulsive force

M
Carbon fibre
Low density
Left Hand Protector: Hard form
Thickness of the Leg Guard:
Thicker

[10 marks]

TOTAL 20 marks

Be the BEST VERSION of yourself

Easy_Physics!@alinaimanarif 14