1 

THE HISTORY OF FOOD MODIFICATION 1

From Smoked Mastodon to Salt Pork 2
Food Additives: Advances and Challenges 3
Food Legislation in the United States 5
Harvey Washington Wiley (1844–1930) 8
Paul Karrer (1889–1971) 12
Advances and Issues in Food Laws and Legislation 12
2 FOOD ADDITIVES 17 Food Chemistry by DAVID E. NEWTON
Preservation 18
Nicolas (François) Appert (ca. 1750–1841) 26
Nutritional Enhancement 34
Walter Norman Haworth (1883–1950) 36
Enhancement of Marketability 37
Regulation of Food Additives 45
Safety of Food Additives 48
3 SYNTHETIC FOODS 52
The Ultimate Synthetic Food: Soda Pop 53
Soda Pop and Nutrition 55
Caloric Sweeteners 58 Artificial Sweeteners 61
Ira Remsen (1846–1927) 64
Cyclamates and Alitame 73
The Monsanto Company 74
Artificial Fats 78
The Center for Science in the Public Interest 84
4 GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS 88 Food Chemistry by DAVID E. NEWTON
History of Biotechnology 89
Recombinant DNA Research 90
Techniques of Gene Insertion 99
Genetically Modified Products 102
Ingo Potrykus (1933– ) 106
Controversy about GM Foods 113
Risks to Human Health 116
Environmental Effects 120
Regulatory Issues 124
5 FOOD-BORNE ILLNESSES AND IRRADIATION
OF FOODS 128
Food-Borne Diseases and Their Prevention 129
Thomas Willis (1621–1675) 130
Trends in Food-Borne Illnesses in the United States 134
Prevention of Food-Borne Illnesses 141
Regulating Food Safety 143
Surveys of Domestic Food Safety 147
Issues of Imported Food Safety 152
One Solution: Irradiated Food? 158
Samuel Cate Prescott (1872–1962) 160
Methods of Food Irradiation 163
The Irradiation Controversy 168
Public Opinion on Irradiated Foods 170
6 ORGANIC AND NATURAL FOODS 172 Food Chemistry by DAVID E. NEWTON
Growing Interest in Natural and Organic Foods 175
Lady Eve Balfour (1898–1990) 176
Sir Albert Howard (1873–1947) 179 The Costs of Organic Foods 182
Organic Foods: The Consumer Rationale 185
Criticisms of Organic Foods and Farming Techniques 192
CONCLUSION 194
Glossary 197
Further Reading 202
Index 205
 
 
File Size: 2.35 MB. Pages: 225. Please read Disclaimer.