Зміст

AGEISM........................................................................................................................1
GENDER.......................................................................................................................2
JOB................................................................................................................................4
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION......................................................................................6
SOCIAL MEDIA...........................................................................................................7

AGEISM
Age discrimination occurs when a person is treated less favourably, or not given the
same opportunities as others in a similar situation, because he or she is considered to
be too old or too young.

We can meet this discrimination in employment on the basis of age. It applies to

young and older workers alike. There’s discrimination in other areas of public life,
including education; getting or using services; or renting or buying a house. It is
unlawful to harass or bully another person because of his or her age.

Employees and potential employees

Stereotypes about young people and mature workers can greatly influence decisions
made during recruitment and in the workplace.

Examples of age discrimination could include:

 not employing certain people because they won’t ‘fit in’ with other employees
because of their age
 not employing younger workers because of assumptions that they will quickly
move on to another job
 advertising a position for someone aged ‘under 30’ to join a ‘dynamic, young
team’
 making choices around redundancy, or forcing someone to retire, because of
his or her age
 harassing or bullying a person because of his or her age.

AGEISM ON THE INTERNET

 The boomers (baby boomers) and zoomers (gen Z) are at war on the internet.
Their best keyboard warriors are flinging insults in the form of OK boomer
memes.

The OK boomer meme comes from the tension between the baby boomer
generation and generation z and millennials.

Baby boomers mock millennials for expecting ‘participation trophies’ for

achieving the bare minimum and condemn them for ‘destroying’ once-stable
industries like retail chains. They also like to make fun of the millennial penchant
for eating expensive avocado toast for brunch. Millennials criticise baby boomers
for ‘mortgaging the future’ and ‘hoarding wealth’. They think baby boomers had
far better job opportunities than they.

So, what does “OK boomer” mean? The term “OK boomer” has become a viral
meme on the internet, used to dismiss out-of-touch baby boomers—when a
younger person deems their opinion to be wrong or closed-minded. The Ok
boomer memes take an image and overlay text. We’ve found the best of them.

SOLUTIONS

1. putting in place policies and procedures to create a discrimination-free

environment.

2. Employers can also be held legally responsible for discrimination or harassment by

their employees.

3. Speak up. Don’t let yourself be pushed around because you’re older.

4. Engage in the world. People who stay active — mentally and physically — can
overcome ageism more easily. Follow the news. Live in the present, and look to the
future. Show your children and grandchildren that you’re aware of what’s going on
around you. Use email and social media if you feel comfortable — it can show your
grandchildren you can communicate like they do.

5. Be positive. Attitude has a lot to do with how people can overcome ageism. Relish
the experience and wisdom that come with age and put them to good use.

6. Be as independent as you can. “There’s a concept of learned helplessness, if you

assume that because you’re a certain age, you’re unable to do certain things, you
won’t be able to do them. You won’t lose those abilities if you continue to do for
yourself what you can.” Go shopping. Do your own banking. Eat out in restaurants.

7. Surround yourself with younger people. Younger people will help fight ageism.
“There’s also that energy that comes from being with people who are younger to
motivate you to push yourself.
8. Exercise. It’s another way to stay young.

GENDER
Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals
based on their gender. It arises from differences in socially constructed gender roles.
If sex discrimination takes place in any of the following situations it is illegal
and you may be able to take action about it:
 employment and training
 education
 when providing goods and services, for example, banking, entertainment
and transport
 housing
GENDER DICRIMINATION IN UKRAINE
The United Nations Population Fund in Ukraine in partnership with the
Embassy of Sweden in Ukraine and the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister for
European and Euro-Atlantic Integration of Ukraine, has launched a three-year project
to eliminate gender stereotypes and reduce gender-based violence in Ukraine
According to the International Gender Gap Index Report 2020, Ukraine ranks
59th out of 153 countries. Gender inequality prevailing in the labor market is one of
the most striking examples. Since 2014, the pay gap between men and women has
increased from 24% to 26%. The absolute majority of men believe that there is a
division into "female" and "male" occupations. In addition to that, more than 40% of
men in Ukraine believe that a woman should leave her paid work to spend more time
with her family. Only 3% of those who take paternity leave are men (fathers).
According to the recent United Nations Population Fund Ukraine study, 24% of
respondents experienced some forms of domestic violence, among them 81% are
women.
Last year, Ukraine took an important step to ensure equal rights and
opportunities for women and men. Joining the Biarritz Partnership, the Ukrainian
government undertook the obligation to ensure that both mothers and fathers have
equal opportunities to take parental leave, promote gender sensitive education, as
well as to ensure effective implementation of legislation on combating domestic
violence.

"Equality Springboard: Project on Social Norms Change and Gender

Stereotypes Elimination for Better Resilience and Prosperity of Women and Men in
Ukraine " aimed at boosting the process of social norms change and withdrawal from
gender stereotypes in education, at work, at home and in the community life and
create supportive environment and growing public demand for advancing equal rights
and opportunities for women and men in Ukraine.
The project includes the following components:
 working with youth to overcome gender stereotypes in education and in
choosing a future career. Providing assistance to teachers to improve
their skills and encouraging them to use modern approaches in the
learning process, which includes conducting training and development of
the online training course for educators on non-discriminatory approach
in their work.
 working with the corporate sector: development and implementation of
policies aimed at maintaining a work-home balance, ensuring equal
opportunities for men and women
 working with young families, especially men, to promote conscious
parenting and equal distribution of chores, including following activities:
 opening of 2 fathers’ clubs;
 advocacy and promotion of the “parental leave” among men.
 supporting GBV survivors:
 setting up crisis rooms for GBV survivors in 9 cities of Ukraine;
 conducting IT trainings for GBV survivors, as well as promoting their
further employment.
 JOB
When an employer, supervisor, or co-worker treats an employee unfairly because of
their age, skin color, race, religion, gender, or disability, they are committing an act
of discrimination.

Being discriminated against in the workplace can make for a miserable experience.
Employers need to understand that they have a legal obligation to treat all employees
fairly. If that legal requirement is not met, they can be held liable for their actions or
the actions of their other employees.

There are two types of discrimination. The first type, direct liability discrimination,
happens when an employer promotes an organization of discrimination from the top
down. It’s likely a number of individuals will suffer from this, and it can be easier to
prove because of that. The second type, vicarious liability discrimination, is more
difficult to prove because there’s often a lack of concrete evidence. This is because it
tends to happen when an employee discriminates against another employee.

Discrimination can be direct, indirect, intentional, or unintentional. THERE ARE A

NUMBER OF SIGNS YOU MAY BE DEALING WITH DISCRIMINATION.

 Inadequate Discipline. If an employer is discriminating against an employee,

they may discipline them unfairly or criticize their work too harshly.

 Fixed Roles. When a company acts discriminatorily there may be fixed roles

in the workplace. For example, if managerial positions are only held by men
while the women remain in secretarial roles, even though there are those that
qualify and have applied for a higher position, this could be a sign of
discrimination.

 Lacking Diversity. If a company consistently hires people of the same race,

gender, age, or sexual orientation while other individuals are applying,
intentional discrimination could be happening.

 Demeaning Communication. The way a supervisor speaks to employees can

play a big factor in discrimination. If an employee is consistently belittled or
offensive jokes are made, the supervisor should be held accountable for their
actions.

 Negatively Inconsistent Workload. When an employer discriminates against

one of their employees, they may take away key responsibilities from their job
description or give them tasks that are impossible to compete. This is typically
done to have the employee fired.

THE EFFECTS OF DISCRIMINATION IN THE WORKPLACE

Employees who are being discriminated against may have to deal with one or more of
the following effects:

 Termination

 Denial of retirement options

 Denied disability or maternity leave

 Loss of shifts

 Denial of company benefits

 Favoritism when issuing promotions

 Denial of employee compensation or benefits

 Exclusion of candidates from the hiring process

 Inappropriate jokes or comments that cause stress.

LAW IN UKRAINE

A person who believes that he / she has been discriminated against has the right to
file a complaint to state bodies, local self-government bodies and their officials, the
Verkhovna Rada Commissioner for Human Rights and / or to a court in accordance
with the law.

A person has the right to compensation for material damage and moral damage
caused to him/her as a result of discrimination and other acts of violence.

RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
Race discrimination involves treating someone (an applicant or employee)
unfavorably because he/she is of a certain race or because of personal characteristics
associated with race (such as hair texture, skin color, or certain facial features). Color
discrimination involves treating someone unfavorably because of skin color
complexion.

Race/color discrimination also can involve treating someone unfavorably because the
person is married to (or associated with) a person of a certain race or color.

People can experience racial discrimination in a variety of different ways. In its most
overt form, racial discrimination can occur as a result of stereotyping, prejudice and
bias. Racial discrimination also occurs in large measure through subtle forms of
differential treatment.

Prejudice and overt bias

Racial discrimination may occur because of overt prejudice, hostility or negative
feelings held by someone about a racialized person or group. Unfortunately, people
are still treated unequally, such as by being refused a job or apartment, simply
because of overt bias towards them based on race and related grounds.

Stereotyping

In addition, people may experience racial discrimination because of stereotyping.

Stereotyping typically involves attributing the same characteristics to all members of
a group, regardless of individual differences. It is often based on misconceptions,
incomplete information and/or false generalizations. In most cases, stereotypes
assume negative characteristics about a group.

SOCIAL MEDIA
Negative effects of social networks on our relationships

There is no doubt that social media is a great way to keep in touch with friends
and family. It can give us inspiration for decorating, cooking, and can help us explore
new interests and learn new skills. But what does it do for our relationship? Besides
posting a cute couple’s selfie now and again, misusing social media can cause some
problems in our relationship.
1. It can distract you from spending quality time with your partner.
Though internet addiction and Facebook addiction are not considered mental
health disorders, researchers recognize both as dependence issues, which can
interfere with quality of life. The more we become hooked on the dopamine rush of
social media, the less engaged or excited we will feel for the quieter, simpler
moments of life. But those are often the moments when our loved one reveals
something personal and intimate.
2. Using Social Media for Surveillance
When couples are active on Facebook it can sometimes create conflict in the
relationship. Conflict in relationships can sometimes stem from insecurity or
uncertainty in a relationship. Social networking sites make it easy for a partner to be
aware of inconsistencies in the relationship. When we feel insecure or uncertain in a
relationship social networking sites make it easy to check up on our significant
others. Many people seek out social media sites to use for surveillance on their
partner. It is common for people in romantic relationships to keep up with what is
going on in their partners’ lives. While the healthiest way to acquire this information
is to ask the other partner directly, sometimes partners will use more passive
strategies to gain the information. Social networking sites are a commonly used
platform to spy on a person’s significant other either by their partner or by their
friends. Using social networking sites for surveillance is a method that a partner can
use to become more aware of what their significant other is doing both online and
offline. There are a variety of ways to post information on social networking sites,
such as posting statuses, photographs, commenting on other’s posts/pictures, etc. And
social networking sites allow people find out everything they’re interested in.
3. Social Media and Jealousy
Jealousy in relationships occur both online and offline. Since social networking
sites make it easy for someone to check up on what things their significant other is
doing, this can create jealousy and uncertainty in a relationship. If a significant other
is “liking” or commenting on someone else’s pictures then that may make their
partner jealous and create tension in the relationship. The research on jealousy and
social media in 2009 found that the more time a person spent on Facebook, the more
jealousy they experienced. Gender can also have an effect on jealousy in a
relationship. Women tend to be more jealous of emotional infidelity than men and
men tend to be more jealous of sexual infidelity than women.
Solutions
1. There is no doubt that social media is contributing to relationship problems.
So, start spending tech-free time with your partner to undo the problems
associated with multitasking and phone-snubbing. Banish bad behaviors and
start spending quality time.
2. Next time you and your partner are together and both focused on your phones,
bring awareness to that. Practice valuing real-time connection over internet
connection. This can help increase emotional intimacy.
3. Even though social media is too intertwined in our lives to avoid it altogether,
we can take measures not to let it harm your relationship. We should try to find
a way to minimize our screen time and use that time to bond with our partner
and enrich our relationship.