10 accompany Sixth Edition ADVANCED MECHANICS OF ARTHUR P. BORESI Emeritus Professor In Civil and Architectural Engineering The University of Wyoming and Laramie And Emeritus Professor In Theoretical and Applied Mechanics University of llinois, Urbana-Champaign RICHARD J. SCHMIDT Professor Civil and Architectural Engineering The University of Wyoming To order books or for custome service call 1-800-CALL-WILEY (225-5945). ‘Copynaht © 2005 by fohn Wiley & Sons, ne Excerpis from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit bass for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other ‘reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 oF 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of te copyright ‘owner is unlawful. Requests fr permission or further Information should be addressed ta the Permissions Deparinent, Join Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012 ISBN 0-471.27179.9 United States of America John Wiley & Sons, Inc. MATERIALSaaa per a —— STRAW AT FRACTURE PER CENT ELONGATION BLLoy STEEL | S7ucruRnz Sree Fe. 1-3 FA 265 Ps “fA 280 MPa 265 MP5 2.1855 MPa V7OMP: 2.26 | 2e% L0Ug7U2 NAL Equnvarium: 3 M,20 T+ Sje7/a ca) comparianiry: B+ Imave ce) Weone’s Laws T2463 ©) sum CC) 17) ¢ THEW CA) wre (8) Te Taf pr/A v= Tom 7 =f phn Tmaxt TE ow sumence = Ts TE prawn e@ (el) —_ 4.23] assume: 1. Plane Sections woRMmMe To 7WE AXIS OF THE ROD REMAIW PLWE CWOER APPLicNTICN of THE Lon, 2. SHEAR STRAWE VARY LiWEARLY prem THE aus, D. Heowels Law APPLIES es eee r é -fs rw Senn = sus (4) ¢ (€) wre Ce) ie. o(*) = orET. MER Rea eed Pheer «8 “oOo a pe getdate oo enced ieee Ge wim | grenoe PFA asain ET ee) SBE eeceavenay Bei Oo wee © Benth ocd sete | SBE ee omer od 82 Ene[126 Ta, Figu a algun tl; gore etntdéJnaP | @ an nae ae Fcc Agere b ree thy fre- eae TGC ea fre hoky hiogran of pratt, PrBth be By Eg (1.2) and Figs. and b, ESAs Nea: 2 Ble Ble Fob 8° 2, Ba © Perera By Epo. (a)aud), Re Fa EsAgla Le (PB) Age) pes, Els * Babs Selaring Zhi Zu Alownvm, peed fa ben fcd Sj} Ey Agla+Eqhals | Heatee by Ep ltl, — the abe vin rh, ital bar 4 Boa Rh Ge PF [Esasta 5 As” he Bale Aals Figere b Semibely, by &94.(@) andl, Pa = Leathals _ (PRY(Etels) Es Aba EyAs la ee a 4 Ee AglactEatals Hene, Ahy ise 0 Athy aburminum barn 48 = (eee = a, Ech Agen + Exfal. ) Cont.)1.26 cont. (B) When the Rept ural 4 Draplaced ty re naght by on amewit § toe pocel a a displaces % thy Might by en amecuit Sa CFig- ¢)- steel Alomines By Eg-(l.2) an Fiz-c, pee A 52 oe © f— L—+—-L, 4 Eaha 5 i fs s-42£h ay re By Eye @ end), Geel 5:6 fle = FS TES = SEahe EAs E,AgLatExAals Hance, hag ER-GI), the atiece sin thy diel bar ab GeH- S Ea heals As EAalat Eafals aud thy abieen vin 2b alarm Gor AL ie ee ieee ts = Fos SEaEs Oa Ae * “Epica lalP27 J (a) Condiley he dia . (fp. 0). Oy spadlbatn fol Magram Go cable Zh =T-W=0 We ip, g decabrcicn ipranily AawD7/# 7 ef ot Tehlpe @® so the marae dare oi the cable 14 ng = ALPE ® For Ate ate cable, by 0), Figure @ Gry, = jy Te = 1B re = L(1920)(2-81 *r L21325.7 m © Srmitacby fou bec’ , Crag * 5 = SP ute = LQ770(481) ~ Leztnem @ Crseguaily, Aly abreminam calle he fon « shaw Oe pryetl Ho Legh Laat ind Pat Aha shengaliny § 4. (eee BH-L3)) me © Ccont’Y[aT eaE] rar cgay We pln Por al | Length dx cuk frm ee tema $ Aength dk, thy henguilion dd ix, dy -(@), OS = Eden e (MEBs e| were Ace th, ereag-arctinal arte of fr t Hh cable on AXPS is hy wright of thy | Vhs at datinee x from thy lower nk. — Datke pratern Ee x=0 Hx=b patie bie ttl toga fhe cable at a-g Mee pee E where We Alay x the wotieght of ty cable « Epectinel) aud (2) shew Haat thy Donpalne af thn cable dank Hh Hi weight 14 apreal 45 Hoy elongilion hue. te a brah epeenl ts half 1 weight apliehat Wa and. Fin o eal cobke with T=Ba, L = 1325.7, and EG @) yo 42 £(13289) (79248) fj 730109) = 2.354m Fr dn abemionum Cableusth T= LT, = 2097-6 mM, ancl Aa 4(av9ze) (ar 78-8) feraxpo') = 0.830 m (©) By Gp: (6), te Lenrion ot Hy Hop. of tes cohte Cig.0) due to the weight AL pg: We tenturn (hte tp of toe cable Bass ta a. bead P gph at Ccont-)1.27 cont.} a PR So, Hey ete a4 PraLpy. Tua = HCP HAL) = Palpg (A) Fin nay rp, For a steel cable: P= Sbb-8 AY Fa an Alemirum tally: 77 = 383.0 AN The ateef coke con Lever a cage [476 Limes = £0, L = 1000 m au D= 0.075 m, EM) 128) by Ep. (iu), with S=Td%2 ond P=d/2, we obtian at T= 30mPa, 30ura = Ae (@ awk by ERS), with W/L = 0.005 rad/m, sons din ly) fasume Aral My mayimumr aheor atic aud they Marprinum tng ovict oc : ; “Thon, by eps. ts La 4 = Gonotttd > .005)¢77«0')md* Ie 32 om dzalss¢ m. for d« vlssem, £40) gals Wy amaltul 1ard araraaid T; Habit. Mie marine angle of -Aarcal otoure“hefrr thig am myecinumr Ahean, dlosel .124 Ja) By Fig. 4, th ana HK of the Cunt acim of beam 24 A=(6.5)(200 +300) = 3250 mm* AY = (6.5)(300( 13) +(6-5)(2ad(303.25) = 686725 nH? or ysis mm @) rk 200 mm —a] (b) Dy Fig. b, the dapper reaclirnd A ek B ane dileiminel) by the Tt equations . i z= 4+6-21-l1(3) =0 300mm G EM,=3B UND ~lNEI-S+0 y The agtattinn of Epa) £4 | osmmm A=WkN, B= 8&n CG) Figure 4. With Fig.&) and E900, hy cheer aul moment eagrend may he haun CFig-c). & QIAN 1oAN/m Po cot)a Moment Diagram Figure ¢1.30 By Fig.a, thy moment of th ovet-arclinal dee wih ape san a 5.2. G: [ult =(.s)[(s8.7-y)( 38-12%) 7 HF qooy(es)(9h95) [}-—20»m — n (= 3-25 (1862.7-y7) + 119535 fh] (a) By the tRear diagram of thy " Seem (Fig. 6), the mayrmum z hear oteure af secliny A and 300mm 4a Va darn. Je 213mm | The arse amoment of inelin. of || [Tinm | Thy cree doctin of. th, T-- Beem | dt La = 32-74¢x10" mm, Bp | Abert the heriges le cnivlel F yea 8, by Epa (Daud @), the eas ui, thy woth ti kN Figure b va _@ a 3.25 (1862.7-47) + N9535T . Tesy © (32.9491) (6-5) [emer] 0) Cont -[730 cont] By Ey), Ta 1y- TOL MPA fn ¥=0 © TeIRATE MPa gr yee (A) Balun thy horiggnted coctocdel aie 2 (F.C), Q=G-DAN3-y)(QUE EH) = 3.2s(2H3* ¥7) @) Fou of 24 Ep €)yiclle Q=1us 105 mm? and stheufae, = VR. (2)(14S 105) 14h. 0b MPa V Th (2.94910 46.5) ad pent prencoraly Leg Cel]. Fir ¥,=21-3, G20 and @=0. Heng, Abie meyemum, hear ditta ib Tag = 14.106 MPR ab: declérn fh on the cotgrdal apeg 2. The muni i haea i Cyn =0 04 Aor Belem of te we mig z % 23 am a 6s mm Figure c KAS1 311 hy thie - abiam Cure 44 dR in Figg. By Fig a, Abe imal Srenyth ai oi, 2 665 MPE Aires wach atclanguler: boy uncdin thy divas. abracn Cuwe Depredinte 00)l0.05)= 5 mym/m? fuagg anh we adnate tab haw ae upperenttle he fronsa umber thy trese - rain crore, we fend 700 600 NS 500 & 8 Stress (MPa) 8 8 8 8 oe 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Strain Figure a that the modulas of Ioiaghnue it Up = (1124-5) = 147.5 MN-m/m3, By mromerceal integra linn, 3 Ups tHe MAm/mnHt etening the atraight ine plik of ty alee Hire ieee Chas, We ace Aud th, abype of the AL EF = 480 = 200 ora. ~ 500k Aso, bey Fig.a, a and Op, = 315 MPa. 500 ‘eo pt | ; ge 315N, nese ___ | = 300 i é ' = 3 1 3 & 200 : 1 1 100 i \ t ' 00018 | oO 0.000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 Strain Figure a hy nea umd the stress train Cornet thy yd At apprepimalily (a Fig-4) Area = + (315)(o.001t) +15)( 0-004~0.014)+-4-(39S~315)(0.00¥-0- 0018) wr, Modvlus of Resilience = 1-104 MA- m/m31.33 Whe area of Hee Heat apsecmen tt Aa = (30/4 = 31.16 mm™ Hhe ateree af a Leak P= 75.4 AN 4 oT =F. ayo mre @ he aticern of the specimen. 1 6 = enplen ose = 0.0033 (b) PH hough : By Eps. (a) ane? (b), phoebe sai cE a = 74.73 GPa Le radial atiain ain thy Aor at a. Lookof 764 4N AA E, = L21- 0. 0.0011 (0) a 20 By Ege. (b) andic), thy Prete Ailey < ps- 5 0.33 Since thy Look and olen egal arr propoitinel Ag & P= rt ata -F.2 S ins = Z40MPA I> SrA, = 70 = Tl) /e= 78.54 mm™ Ca) Avice th, neduckirn of arse of thy apecimen oz 58%, Ahe area af frackine +2, wth Fp @), Ag = O49) A = 35.34 mm™ O) Therefrre, The thir fracbiin ales 2, with P=43.24N ot prechin(enTalle P1.3!), O, = H2% = 1220 mPa The engineering praching ates G = BS) = 550 mPa Th, rateo Oe eG =( E52) (0002) = 45%. Ths ardult yaa ty ba eypactill, aorcee thy Grea at practiy 14 45%, ofthe eniguial creo“ With oy = 50 mPa, Gy =~ 30MPa, Og, = 20MPa, Tey = SMPa, Ope =-30 MPA, Ty, =0,and L=m=n=i/y-, Ee. @. 10) gael Py Aen tis 1 Oey 7 045-30) = 14. ¥3y PE Tpy= My +My + Mig = fe( 5-30 +0) = ~My se MPA ot 2 — S774 Mpa Tpae Aiea t My + lz, = ys (304 0420) = ARen, &y Ep -@-n), Goyad Gey Hm’ Gye West 2mn Gar 21n Gy + lm = ¥ [50-304 20 + 2(0) +2(-30) 4.2(5)] = —3-333 MPa Theufne, bye Ep), Fs= Vege? Ope = 0 BO +e nay E57 74) O35) Ops = 20.950 MPA. 2.2 By Figure P2.2, He arctan cut of ff by bene BR Xe shaun ais Fig. b. By y prilibium of fover, —| t Le ZF, = -T(Saine)—% (Seoep)-%S(coay)z) Tt] |e \surface = Grea S Zfy = —TS ana) + %S lame) <0 Te Theufne, Figure a T= - 2% cote Ccompresin) Th[23] @) By Ep. Q.2i), With Aly gunon abines. Componsea 2 T= = 20, L,=-Ge+-30, I,=0 @ By Efe. @ anh G20), TX 207 30TH 0, (0 -30)(T+10) 20. Hence, T= 0, (= 30, T=-I. Ordering thy Alten, ut bape O;= 30MPa, G=0, 05 = —10MPA (6) wth o-=G,, Ege. (2-18) piel (20-30)k + (o)m + wiSn=0 => L=s5N (bd —3om =0 => m=0 © 10134 + @)m —30n =0 @) Where htm += | @) The aotition of Ep4.(b), © ankle) 14 = tV/2, m0, n=+ V2 Note tat Epa G) aateify Ep.Q) i call, . 3) tT (a By Ep.0.19) ond thy 9: Tikes. Compontrila, the wy. EB. pone princepel Sue art th, rocks of , (-100-7) ° -380 0 (z0-1) 0 =O ~80 oO (20-0) (20-0)(a-60)(0-+ 140) =O Howe, ge LOnPa, of =20 MPa, G=—!voMPA (a) Cont.)2.4 Cont. (b) By Ep+(2.22) anda), Tate = (~ GE) HG-Gt GG)» 67200 or Toot = 86-41 MPa () (By Eq a-3% and @), Tmax = &(G-G)= omPa E) By E#4-(b) an, Conan = 1b Cock (d) By Mohr's cineke om thy x-z polane (Fig: 4), fo which 20,= 90° Croints P and P’); tater, on planet fr urhick Ah, didhin otter ae (Efe % S48), alates de proniped sites Te Figure a. Figure b2.5 O) a wmih pectin anti direction of the vector a r—————CSC Jefomie tte © Hence, bg Ep.) ave A-10) and the govern tlreae Comgernanti,, rth tized arectsr on thy plant ermal Zo thy wed B+ 224% Mes ‘ 2M em Tey tee = Lf poralco) +40] = Pe oy = Ag+ MEGy + Tay = to 4260) +10) * igs () ae sl emGs +My = zl 40 tallo) +201 = 32 ve By Egt.dlank &.9), ab, ctite wiiler Ip = =65.32T +61. pone 432.668 (b) Wh hy ponte ited Cormponeiil, anh Eps. @-2), the Ate ius Ge T, = 904604202160, I,= 5500, I; =0 () By bpe.(c) and G20), Lory 5500 +0 =0 T(T*~ (bor + $500) =O @) | of: EF (d) aw or = 110 mPa, G, = SOMPa, G5 =0 (C) Me rm opium Rear artes 2 =LG--6 MPa Tn = EGG) = 55 Contd2.5 Cont. A) Wh, octopedrel hear titer vs quien by Voit = F(G-4) HG- GS He )] = 18402 Coot = 4447 MPa | 2b (A) Given r=ft i ) 2) OF By Epa-@) and G21), thy dtrted cnvarinls fT ag T, = 4rere= le 4) (6 0 Teltdeelt[s sl= 77 ® -|f b4= alt be Igo (b) The 45° notation af Byte (Ky) do therm ain Fig. 4 The dircelion concnee arr y a x Gene ain Tbe a Reon, us? Ag Efe-(€) and Q.15), wel TALL a, se . : ZZ Tex Ce) HGF) + CoN) Figure a \ FAGBINI+21NGIQ — Teg Te a tale RM) = 6 MPa x Vr li/z| 0 SaorneSaly Y |W i/rz} 0 Tyy =4mMm,0G,>¢MPa Lz peje) cont.)[2Beont] py) vie Ag Eft.) and G17), wih Tak a, Oxy = 1 MPA, Oey = FE MPA, Tyz = ~ VE Mpa. (0) By Bps.(Q-21) andl the obrees Compronete palatine 18 ants (X,Y, 2), detrmmnad an peat b, T= %xt Nyt, =beurg =e T= 77 MPa, Ls =lbo Thee vnmvrarionte are the dems oh Ahyae D2litine Fs ayer (X,Y, 2), Epo.b). 24 pt Fer body A, Tg =G, ry *%ge = Cay = One Tyg =O lief for holy A, by 6-423), 4 Leee = 2G os Fr holy A Copa @ Fir Boky B, Uny= Up) CaxGiy= Ge = Tae = Tye =D. Then, Ag Ff -G23), Tote 26 To” ae Ft body B: Set $Y &) 5 ppcdliy bys @ and b), we olan. = fs Io 02.3 @) Ba Tax = Gy= Ty, 50 ak Ty Ge == %> by Ee B20, thy ahese invertor are T= 0, T,=-3%", T,+2t (a) By E94. @) auh@-20), tty prenefied abit ae the rvit. of- Osten ate =o (© -24)0r) = ou 22h, G=G2-% () Since % 05 =~ 7 (dnb roel), any tivo fependiculer ayes Abt are abeo ferpenbicalar to te frcncgpal apie poems: “he principe) hiiee T; avvne a La ett has hincclan Cotvrice (2,2, mn) where [are EF-2.19] -~AGL+ Tmt Bn=o Td -2%m + Tn =O Yoh + Tm -2Gn =O A*+ ments | Whe rove a apobins t ath A=t%) ams ¢ al Dae1 Voce = GG.) (G-GYHG-6Y Whe TF andy are dnewn. Te delermune Ge, Auch thet Trot atleine at ry tivme aalul, We must Pane ae (F Ratt) = 0 ov = ACG 0) + 200; -) =D Hence 0, = x5 +5) (0) with oy, =-FOMPA, Tyy= SOMA, and T= 6 MPO, © go.(2.al) yoo) Z,=-40, T2=-453, T=y (@ Then, By Ey Q.40), + MOT™ asso =o Whe reve (frvrcpiel Cove) ak 07 = 50.257 WPA, T= 0, Gp =~ 70.257 Mee OS © By Ege) andla-34), — £(G-G) = 70.257 MPa (c) By Eg. (4) and @-22), Gh = AIP -6T, = 304M Tee = 58.134 MPa (cont)2.10 cont. 5 [Zio emt], Wath Tey , Try) Txy given. aud T= 0; = 50.257 MPa, EGA le) rth —140-2572+ bm =O 6L~v.181mM=0 — S0.257n =D © 4% rent = | Te artaction af Ep0.(C) “A A= 0.0427, mM = 0/798, n=O Denes, Ahy ange Betiveen ayes x aud X 44 gen by ol G2 cot = 0.0427 O=3Z55° Comtirelechamtie prom thy x Kula, appereninulely aa Ah, y directa . L2u J By &F-0.0), th, abirey rele, Ia, GG are, aie Horne f Cx Gy) Ba, Try Tez, Ge Me = Gl + GyF + Gah Ty = iy? yd + yk . n= Ge = Gah + 7 * Ose GGG + Cig ty ® (Gy = aR TEE2.M1 cont. Adbaing Ego. (b), we obtacn Oh eats at. gt Me ty += ext Gy Be + Weyr 2 Ge tabye an 2 GG ge* cal " Ty-2t, 212 whe rs ‘the gener, Foren ae Treat componcrile (ataTaBle Plea, T=), 249 T3=-5 “calor Yor + 70S =D 0) Mn pel i 4 = IS467, Oz = 10-063, Ty = — 4930 rma] Ce) Fa thy prorcyeel dinelict (h mn) asdociele) wath GT, we na ~o-4nbTA-3m=d —3h-12.467mM en =O @) mM-SF.uetn =O emen® =) The ackilign of. =ps-O) v2 f= 30.7874, m2 O1S37, N= t0.0281 (covt.), ayed wth andy mag ke kita tage ed Wilh Ege 0, Abe anagrmeunn shear ieee 44 Tan = KGHG) = 10-0 mPa akes, by Bio) anh Q. 22), we rare 9 Gelb (G-GP LOG HG-G) = 642.04 7 Tee = BUS MPA 212 ET By Takte pa.12b, Om =10 MPA, 5 =—5 Mea, Gye ~SH. _ : Ge ome of fefene True aabatine hy the xy plant T= thy =5, Tye Gin Gy ~ Gy =-75, I,=0 Mens SLOT TR-Ls 0h ST™ 1500 Ce o(02- $0=75)=0 So, 7 = US, OZ =0, G =-b.SI¥ @) _ Up Ae theny of plane dtaetlep-ld )], the Hin 26 = ao = - ene 26 =146,3/° Henry @= 73.15% 6+90°= 163.15° Lo, he print Ayte ara. Located of = 73:15° md) B= 163.157 menaured Coruibiborbuniz fren Athy X ania (Cont)Hit i. 2 By Eq. @) aul (2-34), Coat, = G-G) = $e (MSGS = Jory MB, Auk by Eg4.(a) avd Q.22), 9 bee GE IEG-G) UG-G) = 00-01 oe alge = 7454 MPA 4 Tmax = 7.014 MPO 2leel Fe, tie. Tyx=- 10, Oyy = - 5 Ga 10, Try =%, Ge=3, nd Tye =, the atitas cinvreriands 02 De-§ =-/44, T=713 a 774507 12-113 =O The reo (peraicyeaf lessee) ane G; $Ul-537, O=-S.US, Oy = -10.832 [MPa] (0) de Fo The prsincsiad linen Tithe prenerpad aru Tin Coaner 2, m,n ane the cotton op tty fellowig ~4.537h + 2M +3N =D g& —1b.ssimtun = 0 3h + 4m —bs37n =D fe + autem 2) Hence, , f=to.1sb, m=t0.250, 0 =0.756 hen, by. Bs (A) and->4) Ung EG) = MITE MPa (eont.)1 Tice =O-G) (6-6) (G-G)= 824 ” Vort = 9.57 MPA 212d] Witk Gj, =10, Gy=Ga=-5) Ory = Tez =4 md Tyan =0, Abie whiter viararcente are t,=0, Ty=-93 4, =490 retfas, 7 Dre Tal - Ty 7 836-290 =O ls rare (periepal latauie) are O, = 10.S1st, = ~ 51000, Ga 55156 Wee) Fr ferimeipeal altos. Tp, wr hane -0.sisth +an+2n=o Af ~is.5ist =0 ak -I6-51stn=D fet mr tne =) Mente, 0 50.9838, m=I1L68, = O.1UF By Efe @) ank@-39), Caug= EG-G) = B-0Ke MPa Qh by Efe @) andk (2-22), TG OY GG) GG) 2 448.0 or Cree = 7.439 MPa.20e | web o, = 10 dud all then ieee. comipareali. ero, hy sien. amma ae L=10, [,=L;=0 hence, 7 rll +Lo-T,20 wr =o ot 7 *C0-10) =0 Ao, He fosirepead Tater 00 I, =10, G=Gz0 @) Dawofre, ths forercxral duieclins tun Thy X epee Ort fooreen daiabe & ames . Bat Ege.) ard @-34), Tay, = £LG-G) = F MPA auh Sy Epeb) and @.22), 9 bade = G-G/+G-G)HG-G) =2077s 200 on Lock = 4°74 MPA2.13 o7-1,07+T,0-I,70 5 I= Oy + Oyy+ Gz =O tle |e ale z+ oe “he 112,815 Shy Gy ll Os Gel [Oye Tez] 1-75] 7 55 ol lis 0 Oy Gy Ge] | 0 a6 55 Ty2]%y Gy Gal = |-75 0 65] = 536,250 Gre Ge 2) |-55 65 0 oF. 12,875 - 536,250 =O 0; = 130.34 MPa > 05-2260 MPa ; Jy ==53.63 MPa ~ aK - Tming ). 3 ¥= 76. Tmax © EPs BOIELIT - 103.53 Mle Bubs, 00,2 190.39 Pa into Eps, (219) 130.390, - 15m, -~F50,°0 — 154, ~ 139039", 465M= 2% O 2 OS1895 my =-O.8055 5 -s52 + 6S m, ~ 1903922 Aiem Aub tedly T= 03 =~ 76.71 ta 16.11- 15m, ~ 55370 = 152, + htm, + 6M, 20 = 55 fg + 653 + 76.7130 Mee my +ny =/ a TEr—s— 53,6322 - 15m, - SHH. = 15 Ly + 59,63mz+ 66M, = { p ~ SSL, + 65M, + 1.6IMEO |“? BS fe emer into &9s, (218) 0, = 05893 5 M42 0.1736 ; 3 Ey, (219) £0, 5637 jg. 1469 5M, The direction Cosines are listed in Table 2.0. Substitution sto €43,(BIS) and (217) gives : Gix = Tax 605 °9 + Gyy Sin %9 + 2 Gay 58 cose py » Tnx 81 % +Gyy (05 %0 ~ Uy 500 O50 Gz = Oe . xz = Oy2 =o These eguations are tdentice/ with Eps, (2-30).25 \I, = One + Oy +Tax 10 -86455 = 797 Tie Ory | Ty Oy, ze uo 60{ [UO O| |-&% L -| ’ | ine Ore | | Dy 2 - {.{'* e 2° log Oy] * Los. Coal Ite Goal “| go -#6110 ssl] 9 a5] 5/87 Ox Ory Sxe| [10 60 0 Iz =| Sy Gy Ge] =| 60 -86 0 |>~- 718,300 Tye Oye Ube o Oo SSI 64.7907- 11, 907 + 718, 30020 f= 126.9 MPa; Oy = 2102.9 Mh 5 Og= S500 Substitate 2G, =126.9MPa into fy, (219) (H0-126,9)0, 4 60n, + (0), #0 608 +6 86~126.9)m,X0) 20 . . . (0), + Co) m,+(55-126.9)42° 42.255 m=Q2TIE 5 72 i] Substitete 02 Oye /029 MP into Eys, (2.13) es 1024)h, + 60M; +(0) m=O fy + (ebee LoegdmngiMg=? My 0.210 j m2 3 oo) on + (elm, +(55+102.9)h, 20 RE mE ns =I Sabstrrute 0=G> S50 on ute Eps, (2.18) | (0-55) Ly i “2 (0) Ma: | (0b «Cab yO) Re b, | ha + Colm, 1(55- 55 Na ya UES 5 429. n=O j n, 14,0000 en e/ e vstmex) =“ caead +f (aay £60" = 124 1IV.9 = 126,9 MPa 2m! + By (ee 2 =| ee 9 =-102. TA 3 = Gig = SSO MPa Tnay = Tees 2 Hees Ce). 114.9 (4 Fa tan 262 LOE = 20. 2 0.6122 5 0222797 * Dix- Sy ~ 10+ eG Ge Gre = 2.%25; m, = 605 (F-9)= 51h 8 = 0.2718 5 os F =0.12.17! Fy, (2. 1) grees, with Ye Galt) Bh, msdadthij=, wo, Gux = (8) (90) +6 sfeoe) + EIA 60) = 30.56 MPa & 9s, (10) give Ore = & (90) +( (blag = 51.9140 : =F (ve) (EJ) FGYM Pe ) gives 12 z ye We + Go Oey = M5794 + 99.41 = 30.356" = 63,30 MPa 218 tena Ss g, = £203108 « /(200=100)*, 50)" 2150+70.7 = 2207 Me Gy = 150-70.7= 123 MPa = ae, =10000 © 200-14 6,7 20.3987 rad Y-axrs located 0.3927 rad clockwise fram x-axis e198] -90+50, [R025 2 je ESO, 40250)", go? = -20+90.2 = 12 MR O,2-20- 92.2 = 112.2 MPa g= Grae Sears en - Te.t4 128g 92,2 Mh tan 26, fe: 2U69_- 9 ¢57) % -~% — 90-50 6,7 20.3543 rad X-anls located 0.3543 rad clockwise from x-ax's220 G = 2 + [2% 30° = 40+50 =90 Mra Gp = 40-50 = =J0 MPa Oy + 60 MPa ay ~ Omit = Ce Tmax = or 90- C4) - MPa Cele ae = 42 = One 6,= 2.3216 rad Keavis located 0.3216 red Counter clockwite from x-axIs 221 = 150 +70 150 -70)*, 2 C= Here OTE)" (-45) = N10 +60.2 2170.2 MPa a= 0-60.22 94.8 MPa G, = 80 Pa Snax Orn ~t Times = Grex -Frin e 02-80) - 125.1 MPa. tan 26, = 20 = OL» an ON Gy 150-10 hes feavis located avezi rad Cr 2.22 : . + Tp, =200 6080.50) + 100 sin “as.ee) + 2 (-50) C05 (-05000) sin(-0.5000) | 219.1 MPa 2 | Gy =~(200 -100) coso.s000)5 in -asoee)-50]c05 ~-asov0)~ sin 0.5000] | = WAM Pa 2.23 ; Oyy=-%0 605 (0.1S00)+ 50 510 %0.1500) + B60) 05 (0.1500 si (0.1500) | = 69) M1 fa | Tey =~ (90-50) ¢05 (0.1800) 510 @.#00) +b0[C05 “oisoa)-sin aso]2.24 x= 80 cos “Lroooy) + 2(30) 605 (10000) sin(-L0000) 34 MPa Gy 2-80 €05 (40000) sin-1.0000) + 30 [03 C410000)- sin “(-t0000) ] = 23.9 MPa 2.25 2 ee Oxy = 150 ¢05 (0.7000) + 70 sin (0.7000) + 2-49) cas (0.2008) s1h (0.7000) 2.5 1M Pa Gey =~ (50-10) 05 (0.7000) sin(o,r000) - 45 [cos “o1000) - sin *(0,7000)] 47) Mh [2-24] Tax Up Oc = Bap Per = S005? - 150 Mra 2 _ (200-100), 2 + Gig = [EB + 50) = 70.7 MPa From Problem2ig, 29,70. 7859 20 = 26 -26,> &(0,5000)-0.7854 = 0.2146 Oyy = OC +R COS Bk = 150+ 70.7 605 (0.2 1¥6)} = 214.1 MPa Ty sR sin ex = 70.7 10 (0.21%) = 15.1 AR Re | (Casey Sy 2-20Mfa a= (Say = [EZ 0" = 922 Mla From Problemeuyy 20° 0.7086 2k > 20,+26 = 0.7086 + E(QIs00) = 10086 yy = OC-R Cos 2x = -20- 92.2 05(1,0086) fs 2769.1 MPa Sx | Tyy =R sh Bel = 92.8 510 (0084) = 78.0 Pa — Sy Se= 50 MPa From Problem2.20,24 706432 Pola -26,-202 35,1416 -0,6432- 2.0000 = 0.9984 Oxx 20C- R605 Gx= 40-50 605 (0.9984) 9 MPa Oxy = R sin 2X = 50 510 (0.4934) = 60.2 "Pa From froblem 221,28 °O 8442 2u=M-26,-26 =3. 1416-0.8442-L4000| = 0.8974 G Ty = OC- ROS aw = /10 60,2 (0508979 = 72.5 MPa Oey = -R sin 2u= 60.2 sin 0.8974) 2 YF Ma ny [2.30] Due +0 free surtece, ve Tay =0. Since 6 15 positive and Gyy=0, pas 30) give Tey = Tax 605 %9 = 100 60s 6 Opy= - (Dix) 510 8 (05 8 = 100 51h 860882.3] Since @ & positive, §ys( 290) give Gig = Tex. 6058 + By sin *e Ny = lin Gy) 1h ecse e 1 120= Ox a + Gy Be =-(Fex - wee 90 =-(Gex- Gy) FF Fzx + Ib zy = 3000 16x x ~ 16 O99 =-2339.33 25Uax = 666,67 Gax = 26,71 Oyy + Le. 72.571 Pe | .32] Since 6= 60°, Eas, (2.30) give Opy + Oey (05 + Gy sin aaa cae Gey =-(Gex~ yy) tid cos Gy fey (C05 20-5070) ‘ 120 = YO(0.2 5) + 0.75 Oyy? 0.866 oy 50 =-(40-Siyy)0.933 ~ 0,500 Ory Gig= 120 MPa 0,866 0 yy + Oxy = 127202 0.866044 ~ Teg =~ 65.36 4omPa ||? . = 50 Hla 1132094 bh 66 a 3 Gjy = ib Pe aie * Og = $6.2 Aha 5 233 Since Sin 2 af and £5 8 z 4s. (290) give Ian = Tex 605 “9 + Gy $10 0 + ey tin9 <0 Pay = 10-01% Ory =-Gix~ Give £058 + Oy (cos % - Sir“) = 902 Ory HE + 1055 +2 Gayl #) 40 2 -(Six ~ HON 8 ) + Try HEE 121,00 ~ 65.04 1,200 yy - Oy 0,509 Ox +R 1,704 Ox =~ 180.0% Gay = =10%.2 MPa Gay = 10.0 MPa2.34 Sn Si (Ga) =? = Gp: 2 of (B53) + G Week (BiB). 50° «20.993 243M Ge i = 94,3 = = 14,9 MPa Ge Cray = Persad = MADLUUS = 043, alc 2 ~ 2 2 2 i B ip Toe = $ Min Gig) + Sie + yy *6 FH = 5100-60) +100) + 60 + ca 2276 MPa 235 . Six #04 [Gxs8 6,2 Gi = EO, (xs), Og= BSH629 = BLT MPa L ~ 2 $9089, (EOZA0)"s 50° = 135-+67.9 = 202,3/Pa Give Trin _ es 3. = (012 Ma z 7 ° Tact = $V ie ~ Oyy) 9 Ger + Gry iy + 8g = fino 10) + ea euacae = 84) MPa 236) G, 0; = ee, [exSeag 0; M0 - 72.1 = 182.1 MPa 180-70, [[-150+10)* p49) 0-12, [b210)"¢49*--10 +7. Tyg = 40 MPa 10M Pa 7 Gose Sin - Ore ee = MLL MPa, BGG OP cae roa} food (ro bound eo” = 92.0 MPa 23] o, 1G, cl AC ee Ge att, (GaB)s Gp 2 LE, (BOI) os? 2 22.5 970 G, 2225 -73.0 2-505 Mla = Op, = - 50.0 Mh le Sree: Ga 5G espns. 760 Me Tout = $M Wy) Gy Ge) ein Bu 653 =4 Jlsorsy) 05450) +C50-80)*6 (19 = 68.7 Meman Tux) ge i. [B+ oy =. $5) o(e55)* 2415+ 72.7 = 120.2 MPa -72.7 =~ 25.2 MPa 3 O37 022260 MPa Tmax = Giap . 1E0.84282. 12.7 Wha z Toot = lOve + GE + (Cia ~God)"+ 65 hs, 60% (60-48) + E55) eee eee BZ 39]T, =x + yy + Uae = ~120+ 140 +06 = 86 Tix Tey! Gx Orel [Spy Gal [20 ys] [-l2o 25] 140 ~ 5) let cn lg ee “Log veal es able Gle-22985 ey yyl 1x2 Tea] Wye Ose] Tey Sey Sex| |-l2o 45 as 1+ |e Spy Gyxl=jys 140 +): 96%, 200 Ora yz Tee] Las -65 66 7-860 * 22,3557 + 969, 20070 y= 180.2 MPa 5 Op = 10.06 MPa 5 Oy o-134.5 Me Substitue o= 07 = 180.2MPa inte Efs (218) 120-120.2)2, ore + 25h, 45, + (140-190,2)m- 65M 258, ~ 65m, +(66-180.2M4=0 De amesnrel Substitue T= 0p > 12.06/Pa into Fs. (218) (n0-Ya0e)h, + 1Fm_ + 26Mg20 95 Ly + (iv0-¥0.0)mz— 652 =O 2025845 ™e a4s2e 250, ~ 652 2 (te ade)na=, os + m3 + ne =| Substitue 02072-1943 Pa into Eys (2.18) (lors + 48m, +2570 150, {tis ta)my ~ 6509°O' 2h, a hoot BV DI= 9) a 3 y= 49598 5 y= 2.0062 My OITOY is anf =/2:40) T= Tex + Oyy + Teg = 100 MP Tix Ty, Tae Tx eS “ reds Se ees Sides El Leto iol Leo STLss =- 7325 x oy Tue a ~b0 50 ry yy Ge | =f-Go 100 38) =- 960,000 Ona Oye Oza 50 FS O or 21000 73257 + ¥60,000 = 0 O= 129.1 Mee Oy = Youd tile Gy = 26.0 Mh [24s ne = Oxx + Oyy + Gey = (20-55-85 = Tre | Trex wile yy sy. z ( a im ZI IT; + Guy Ty!” Wee Cee] Wye Cea” ee Mr 2-81, B64 Ix Oyy One 120 ~S5 -75 i Sy Gy g |-|-3 55-55 32 | = 1,269,070 oa Tye Oe 15 33-85, os 2007 21,864T ~ 26570 = 0 Gy = ee. Pe Oy 2-8 EMP = allel MPa Tray -~Tmsir _ 162. HI ley = a = MeSH «136.3 MM Pa22 T+ Sie +0hy *Cie= 90-60 +40 = 110 r{@ Srl, Six a, Gy ea -90 70 90-8 |e IOuy Tyy |” \Oee Gee Gye G2] 1 70 -60l'|-ss YO] |-¥0 40. 210,125 I (x eo ee [90 70-85 57 %y py ve| =] 70 60 -90 = 653,500 al Oh ae fre Mo 4 > 41100 10, 125 T~ 654, 500= 0 Giz 88.34" Pa Te =-4.49-80 Mf oy? = HHBA SL nae ~Trn Cay = a = BEE 8 YP 2B T, = Six + Gyy #0¢q= -150 +80 = -70 Tex Ti Tex 1-150 -¥0] [-ISO 50 oo sel See Belated [ol se el] 2 le Sy tee ale oe a wo ol'] so soll o gol =~/6, 100 en Cy Gin | [risa -40 50 T,=}%y BG [v0 o 0 }= 128,900 oy Oya Gee} | 50 0 0 7+ 700 16, 1000- 128,000 G2 He MP Tmay = Tray Tm 9,2 + ag 2 EES = 130, 3 He2.4 4) gp =-19, G,= 50, Tay 21S, Gre = Ge* By Fig.2.12, OC = Se 10 (Fig. a) By & '. yy Ey (2.34), R= = e559) Ee Pra = 2S. By hye, @ Op tas =3S, = 10-25 2-15. By ER. 36), ton2e,= 29% 2-075 Tx Gy 28, = 2.49804, - 0.64250 143,13%, - 36.87° " = 7156", -18.43° / (G:-15) (8) Cans 2:45) In MPa, yy = 240, Oy, =100, T= - 80, Cre =Gja = tye =O @ By 02, I, = 340, r- = 17600, T,=0. B &$.@20), 73 340o 4176007 = O We T20, C3406 + 1760020 > G, 9 = 170 ¥ 106.30 G2 a3% Gi = 63.70, 73-0 Bs cs, ee= =O 20-400 Sara - = | 704 (0b, 30 276.30 a = (70 = 106.30 = $3.70 & =0 O) By FigrdsI2 anQ FB A-34), OC = THU = 170, R= 106.30 vs 07 = OCR = 37.30, G27 OC-R= 63.70, Fig. a Cort.)2.45 cobmel) By Ep (2:36), Ton a6, = 20 = _pyag Teby 152637 2B,= 229%, ~0-8520 rad 2 131.199 — 46 me $, > 65.57%, — 24.38" (Fig. b) ; . 4 1 lavey 7 ™ oi 2163 a >> 80 V0 () () By Fig-4, Gy),gg= R 2106-30 By ep C2), Tze = (FAITE) * = Q%3~43.7)+ QUIS HE 3-1) = 125596.2 + Toee = 1813 [2.46 | with x=r, G20 22%, where dal, AFF, Ve. Than, Ary pret of. fs Bu) prthe fel) + BlGe) + Bl) — Gade + Br =D “ 1 Mee + Gor Ht +$5(Gr) rr 2Be apy pr Ge =o ie Orr - Gb =0 Bie 1 Mir + ote + GerG + Br wheh 24 Athy fot of Efe. G80). Hood eg wabiona, 1m EF G-50)-247) Wath x=4 =O, B=, wh gef lal, Bar, U= rains. Then, Aby fret of E+ Gus) yeolhe Plea dor] + bg (rea tor] + Bgl Gr) ~ POO G0 $F = 1 Gy 2.(ram 8) + Plan Br = 6 alecnn) ope +P end) 2c + Veto) Oy + rene) 2G +r a =F asin Nip — 164028) Oy + Pern B= 2 Henee, 3a +E +4, 8G + (20 GoM +05, G40) +B, = Which in the pout of Eps B53) Aoudevaatdtitidina yith Ary ascend ank thud of Efe -Q53), p2#8 wath, XS Yae, BaB del, Beh, Vel and Tye Tra =Opz = 702 =0, Hr fret of Eps. t.ut)speolly 2G + De — %p 3h tr OG, 30 a Gir + 1 Ke +26 or rG =O ou Be + 4 Me Grae + Bp =D wuch 4a the final ofp Epos). Aiviluly, the ascend of epate ) pith Th deed ewes) Te thd of Ep. G1 gully By = 0.iy Se Ko By Ang fied of Eps. Qe), tee der ds, a dit = past By the pout A Ep 0-60) BE G4 4dr Meme en Cb) By Eps-@ andl), wt Lene thst = (i+ 3)h +demegen oO By Ef-(2-67), ast = 1té @ Mener, by Epa. 6) and), we ofan (reel =C14 Bet Smt then @ Epuitiny(e) 13 1h, fot of eps.Q.06). dna @[2.53] Before deformation, volume = Lbh=(sooa\ioa|ead), After deformation, let width dimension be increased by & The depth dimensien becomes (he 25). The final volume = (5 020|(versfeanah Setting the rwo volumes equal gives 5020 (100 + §)(200+ 25)= 5000 (100200) fF 4 2.00 § + I9, 8406 =O 2-0.1974 mm The displacements take Yy 220,00199¢ % ap 2 20.001999 F = 0.007000 the form w @) For small dis placements 20,001994 5 Eyy = 0012245 Exa® ou bux = By CE &) For large displacements 2 A dur, (duh é +(4) = 0.004008 S4NTh. direction cosines of X-axis are ‘ = Cos 8; m, = cos(F-OJ= 5mm OF n= Os B= Equation (261) gives x = 2 = E> Gr OO + Egy me + 2 Ey Lm, = bxy 05°86 +Eyy sin’ +2 bny C058 508 xx * & xx = \ 2& £ « S25 cos 20 + Exy 510 20 The direction cosines of Y-axis are fz = 605 (Z re)=-51n 0; mg = C05 0; mg 603 F=0 Equatiin (@71 ) gives Bay = Egy BP, + Gy MMe + Exy (OQ 2M) Sry FZ 2 ~ Exe 51) 005 6 + hyy S08 (058 + bey (005° - str) (25) 51s 20 + Exy (os 20 Theretore For principal direction Ey 705 tan 202 oo 725: For X-axis, 250.8; m= 06; =O 5 Mas 0.8, M20 For Yoaris, 02-06 (@) w= 0.0985 % v= 20,0010 4 ou 7 6) Cy 2 FE = 2.0085 5 Gey = OP bog tO yy 12 Ey 20,0025(08)% (-2.000)(0.6)° 20,00124 lyy= Sax yy 7 exx = 0.00285 —0,0010 -0,0012% 00026 Byy= 2 exy 2 CLG Om * 2mm Ey = 2 [lo.ceesi(o.a)Co4) +Co.0010)(0.6)(2.9) | ee ets a For X-axis, £70866; m= 0.520 7 20 For Y~avs, 427-050; mg=0-9665 M270 u 20.0020 x= 0.00304 i Tr oy be = Fee 2820 F Ey * By = 00088 Buy 2 bry 5b He 7 7 y 2 (b) yx = 2 ban + ™ yy 2 6 : 20,0080 (0.866) "+ 0.0025 (0.54) + (-0.0080) (0.206 (0. 50) 2 2.00174 020 hogy = bax * bay Et = 4.0080 40.00 854 0.0017 eee manameee hy = C&y +248 bec HE Ey 1h Me om JEoy p 2 2(-0.0020f0,s66)C0.500) + a loaoe sNasceto susix2(-auwe fase (oa 002902.57 tan 20+ -26"e = 2640010) so wyyy a= by ~0.0020-0:0085 oa) rad 2 bx = xy C0870 + yy 5108 + BE 2 é _0,0020(0.9782)° + 0.0025 (0.20 76) +2(-0.0010)(0.20%X0.97 #2) 100221 sin (038 6, =-0,0020 +0,0025 #0.00185 at bax yy ~ 20.0027) 258 | @) U = 0.000667 *4 | V = 0.001053 *Y | Ar point B Ex = SH = 0.00eeer(3}= 0.00208 * [xehg a 0,001333(15) = 0.002020 = bry “(Gh * #) = 0,000667(i5)+0,001933(3) 2.00500 lb) For Hanis 2 €3 mee 120 be 8? e = bag BO by mt 2 bay BO = 0.00 200 (4) +0.00200 (E) +0. oost0(2) fxx = 0.00400 0=20.3262 rad _ 2 . 6, = bey = Fen 605 °@ t byy 51078 1 ZExy Sind C05 2 = 0.00180 (0.9413) 0. 00102 60.3204) 0. 002200. 97I-0,3209) 2Q.002I7 a= bax Ey ~ xn = 0.00 180 +€0,00106) - 0.00 2172.60 J = & + €yy + Cee = 0.00180 +(-0.00108)+0 = 0.00072 = 2 4 Dea yy + 6 Ca t Sax Can Gy Ga = 0,001¢0-0,00 108) -(-0,00 1/0) *= -0,00000315¥ Gx Oy Exe 9.00180 -0.00110 0 Tfexy by Gyn] =| 2000 -0,00108 0} =O bee bye Ge ° ° 0 €7-0,0007@ €*- 0.000003154 € =O E,= 0.002) €5 0; €,=-° OO1“S 26IT T= &y + byy + bag = 0.002667 + 0.002000 +(-0,002 00) = 0.002667 Ls erly + by bret Gabee “Sy ~ bye ~ = 0.002 667(0,002009) + 0.002000 (-0,002000)+ (-0.002000)(0.002667) = (0.002661) - (0.001500) * (-0,0000 33)* = -0,0000133640 xx Ey bea | ]0002667 0.002667 -0.000033 F=\buy Gy Ge |=]0-002667 0.002000 -0.001500|=-c.00000000218// kxz Eye Gx] 10000033 -0.00/F00 ~0,00200 €7-0,002667 €*-0,00001336 40 € + 0,000000002181| =0 €,= 0.005170; & 0.000158 3 = ~0-002662 2.62] Epuavion (0 ) gives Bey =(I Git beg) (03 - Bitods 2 ids AO 52 where fee Ce ea re l, A and cos 0” Bey. a ct. oct < 4 Sex ac me age * Sant23] Ta unite of Me 10% Cay = 200, Ey = YY Exy = -F00 Ext & @) €,= SotOy 1 erapaey = 22000808 Lan aah e400 = -—30t 1500 G5 700, G=-2300 ; R=1500 OC = — 800 in ADB, = as = 2240) 29. 75 aS ~ = aH0- 40d 2 Ab = —— 4981 rad = 36 37° = 14313 oe =7.57° () Gy) = Re 1500 @ Mex. Shear train Eat orientation FERENCE (by ehemenr Since Exx ts negative, line Deformed Clements in the X-direction Element Contract, and since Eyy i's ference Pesitive, (ine elements 14 ti men, the y-direchiow elongate. © Also, sree 26 y= Koy ~o* 1s negative, the anghe 8” 18 greater than 1/2, where oe the’ fined pe between the lime element initvall along the x-axis and Ha ling element initrally alony Phe y-Hxis (Fip.<)s Lsee Boresi and Chong, aay 59 Q-8-b), page 89][2-64] Thaapoere plti., om Long ona tide, 24 hour ce Hs ‘daporvedl plant an otek CF ig. a), OFA BEC*OS Figure a 25mm @ Aner under the beprrmaon Thai ght Danes ain Tg Comprninti. u,v ob thy four cotnere of AY BY C% we take U BA,tA,XtA2Y FAgXY, US byt bxt byythyxy @) anal, 49,4), 42, Ay ond aw uray sx rynoor oer Mee dis Lacemaske of pals ©, 8,6, and) C. Thue, by 9-0) and Fig.) Ul0,0)=0 = do U(0)1)=0=4q = = a, &) 1,0) = 0025=Q Ul!) 5-0-0125 0.03544, U(1,0) = 0. 1 io dy =~ 000398 Gt)2.64 cont. lo,0)=02b, 5 Voz 0.01252 be VON, 0) #00125 = by, ly i) = 0-0125= 0.0250 + by 1b; = -0-0125" Carefrre, UY) = 0-02SK — 0.0375 Ky te) Vilxy) = 0018S + DO1Z5y —0.012SKY () By Fee), HL = 0.025 ~0.0375), BE 20.0125 0.0254 ats ~0.037SK , ay p-pi2s~ 201RS x Bay 903) andl G62), Ake Sreen thant Cot ernndls Gre Greg? FA + SIGE GO T= acasarects -0.03269375yr0.c0078u Sy? ¥ +eBTORT= 0-0 125718125 0.126525" tocoorenee bgys LSE eRe RS BEB) camp zens — 0.019 296975 — D.006328125y +0, 00078 125XY Egg > Ore = €y2 30 (C) For Line OBC Fig.a, ithe direction Conenes are f=, m=, m=0 g) z By FH OA ak B60, With xzy=lm atpent B, Mad Exe taney +2 kin bgy = = 0.024375 @ (Cont)0.024379) Ee 2.64 cont] @) By Epe() a DABI), Ahe Stearn comprnertte for emall Aoaing 0k Exx= 3 = 0.015-0-0375Y eyy = = 0.9125 —0- O126% (s) éxy = LOE +H) = 0.00625 ~0-01975x-0. 00625 ¥ Ot pect B, xy =|, aud Epe-th) yield €xe = - 0-012; by =O, xy 2-0: 0187S” & Compared to He Hreen. strani cep), 6xy = 02012422, Eyy = 9.000703, S77 0.019516 ) By Fp andl, the mapni.atn fut fa emall tant M =P by tM yy HLLM bxy = — 0-025 C4) Wenee,y thy Oipfernee betioren the Busy dian at pout B LEPC] and ty ainell ties om vqmipeccitlinn Leg] a2 0. 024375) 00-025) gp = -2.563 @) False ) False ©) Trve W Tre2.66 Ths atiarn Corpor. of Exanple 2.1! ae Em HCylL¥), Sry = Dy(L-K), Vey =26, =-CORIO Epo. (2-83) the ahaa tte fd ty ey fle ham A AtHallien EPG 2G Eph) yielle O0O+d = 0 Here, the alraris comparti, ant commppil le 267 fors aTiaris compeanoitke and the Ghar saphena nts fr tmall- desplacenait ple davis, Ene BE = ACL-*) ® by? Fe B(L-x) &) R by fee he =0 ©) itigrctien f ER @ adh geth us AlLx-$x) + Ys) @ v= B(Ly-xv) +X) @ When XO) and Vey) ae funcliine f x and y, Despactinely. Lahutsadlin Gf EH) anh @) ils Ep (a) spislls Cont)dX. By+d¥ 20 ax Y nr Yb nok = C cttest = "gy. =C, sha -€ =¥ dx Voy) = £By*4Cy + D xX) = -Cx FE where Dank E are tonelenila. Hewes, by Bet. Cd), @), and), we obtan @ Us ACLx-Le) 4 LBy*+ Cyt D @) w= BlLy-xy) - Cxt& @) By Fhe) and (A) and Abe condichine W=V=d pre Ka yd, we feud D=E=0 w@ aud by Eps.(g), RI, ondli), and the Comdilires: Sha fa xzreo, we find C zo @ Ao, Ay &92-(9),B,0, od G), ue AlLx-LxDtb By” uz B(Ly~xy)BERT Fee cytes) cerbonache nar, $0 a= aunt grb 10), Sloop, sy Thee of. Fhe Hace Gd tb, priet Moree of pe. G95) a4 followt: con? HARE BE ERIS Goo a pLBR + EE HE] = eee a HEE AE EHP) =F » Aha Dat Hook KEG-R8) Aha of & fa (2 55). - Fon tphinen) conden ates, x= 4 ¥=8, 26 auddzl, AB=r, Ys rane, an, thy proict Haceg of pe la.00) spoil 7h fet toa tb) 30 fa llr: ee i 0 FLEE Aes BEt SE] +b SE Hep LSE +H Meta) 4 vi Ores aa Sector ace Aha lack Arse of Epa tavs)ipell) Wy Dauf Tree Bp. (2.96) [272 Fin filans poler coordinalec, X= 1, $=0, B28, 451 A°0 1s a 2702 = 0, ank uaucye), r= vI7d. Ten, Eps. (2-84) Cys L[Sb + PFE Fw ee ah "ERE eae 4 2e « kb ee 4, = L[ BE + 43S + ¥ BB] =? Zé a(t [54 +E - ope he 260] = ab phe (pl the ba Eza™ Kchewiat, Erg 7G =O2.71 @) Mean Arak Hi (x 9, 2) deep fecemacle. re US EXE, VE Gye, Wace @ fr tall taint, 29s. © auke.si) yield Enxx = 9 22, Sy a =G2, Ggg= ESC, Vay =dby= AE he = 6 Yaa? Exp He B= 4 Mya 26 5 ER Cy AE pood E, by Fig- £2-8, KalSm, y=lom, 2=20m @ By Epe(h) au2O), Exx= 261, Ey =2Ca5 Esp = Gy (d) Yay oxy =) Vue = 2 Gig = FSC, yn 252 =S2 Cb) LA Me X apie Dee hone the Line Prom EAC. Tike direction Cracinta of EC One Ayz7Ob, m,= 0 3-0-8 (cS) By Ep2.2),) (abl) anda.e2), the magnitichs of exy “a 2% E xy = Gh H eee Mr Dee hin, = 26, CO + Cy C08) + 156 (-0.6)(-0.9) = EEC + O64C3 Ce) Lat thy X aya Lie along thy Lint EF dnd Me Y Ya Lee along Deine ED (Fig. 2:9). Fn Ling EF, A= 7 Man =0, and for Line ED, Ay=n20, m= -I. Thun, by Eps.d) and (a-Tbd), Yay #4 &y = by 4h =2ery =O CCont.)2.71 cont. é ) For ¢,= 0-002 m-) c,=0.004 m-} C= -200K, by fuk 01,0), and), we oftawn Exx = 0-004, Eyy = 0-008, Eng = — 9-001 Yay? 2Exy = Yp2=2Exz = 0.003, Tye Zeya = 0-004 Exx, = 0-00032, Yxy #2 xy =O L272 cnen tthe amall Abia Componente, ao Ewe FAB, by = Ox Gye Cx* @ Gxy = Dey, Exza Exe®, &= Fre Ege.(a) ced rx. ee ro oabee = 1B+0=2D; B=D Hee ia +GAe=4E2; C=0, 342 2E 6, ee on « AE Ovo 0 Deen Mex. yey * Tae =2en + Tepe 2p 0 + 0= F 40; F=d To + Ten Si ip avon Weve ya a % eet oe et 5 —- ence, Compitly ui prresib, of od aly if B=D, F=1-SA, and C=F=0.2.731 gy Egob) of Ex ample 212, fr 0-455 xx = Far Evy = fey Exy > &(24- €a-&) @ By E496) ond Ege Card(F) of Keane 21d, we feied) C= kléat 6) +4 [(Ga€)”+ (26-6) yi" st £¢ 6,2 £ éar€e) — gL Gar€e) + (26s Fa> ep)” By Eps.) and EFG) of Evonple 2.10, we hane by = 26,7 4a-& Tan 2g = 2Gxr- = 2&7 fan fe ¢ En Evy ba THT By C$.) of Epampl 2.12, fr = 6% Exe = a, Sy = 266 $e) Ea, y= Ske (@ By E70) and Ep4(C) abl] of Kpamele 2.10, we offer €, = Sat si $& +t] Qe G- 6+ 3(6,-6)*]” €, = Satete ~ $[ee- G-&) + 3(6,- 6] yz 3 Oy BH. A) dnd EB O) of Exompl 2-10, we Pare 1(G-&) = PG -&) tan p= Te a ae = 4G Gcemit Fin thy necHinguler. ites reels, wily Ea directed along thy porters x wens of OD totes o Ean = a, By &p-(2-76b) with b=m= SL enhnzd, Ey = & 6,2 bear L&t AL)by, or by= 4 Gat &)- Heres, lon 202 Bo = AGS Sa yy Eg be ® By =e OL x Ag, ib Doonan alee 1947 eae] Ra ble HCG -e<-€df* By Fig. € 2.108, = £Gaat Gy) #R = LEatbe)e® = LGatSy)-R2 bl &)-® ©[276 |, By Fiza, tedivectiin © Cosihes of rosette arms abe are Almere 20 hat Rez 4,2 Bn 0. Therefore, by Efal27ba,b, 0), €a.= Exx @ Ee atatBGyt+ Boy, & @ & = 4K Eby -Bbsy By €90.(b) and ©), iy BERGE &)) éxy2 fp lG-&) YO ey _ aby | C68 ° An dO = Coby 2a Gk ®) By ERO), Crary 210ank Efe A) anc) abere, ne Yo , os ~ 4-6) ~é Ra[Gaaa =e w Freres)" © By Ee. (),€) ab) of Example 2.10, amd Efe (aronild) above, € = LGmtbyy) +R = S(Eat Gt) +R @ 6, = Llbatby)-R =F GtGte)-R cn) where R is gwen by Eh sbere. (cont) |2:16 |\continved Since £CEmnt &y) = L(Ext Ste) and R is gwen by ERD above, Mohr's circle for the della rosette 1's shown 1n Fig. b. Het Gr) 277! Given Ga 2USOM, G2 1360M, Ec= = 1310 , wz 10°¢ in 4 units, Ef), Prob.a.7b wields R= [fexause~ 1360-4 310)*+ 3 (1340+ 1310)*]’*= 2233.81 By €ga(y) andlh) of Preb.2.76, With Ep @) above, we hare , 3 $24 s0+ 1360-1310) + 2233-91 = 3067./¢ €, 34 (24504 1360 -1310) ~ 2233-81 = 1400-48 By Eg-©), Prob. 2.76, tan 26 = VE(1360+131) = 0.9535 22450) — 1360+ 1310 ZO = 0-ThIL aad = 43.64° (Ser Fix. b, Prob a1) 6 = 21.82° (Exy)y, 2 R= 2299-81 él2.78 When orm a of the vectangolar rosette js direeted along the positive x-axis, the’ arm C ys directed along the positive y-axis. Therefore, Sin = Se and y= & Then OC = © CEmt6y) = t Cg tc), By Mohr's circle nay Rsin(Got-2d) =RCos 242 Exy = Rs1n28=\CD = OD-0C = ¢,-L&+&) =hg- 6-6) ao Yay? Ey? 2, “a Ee,Fly pe (36, Uh, pewter remy ia attains 8 By Ukr Ay, fir ATST- 3007 atiel E . coe, 028 ein -voug] ow wokia- taste €, cdbg- eeepey 6 om a= ¥ Coy beh o tedelllttn of hy Glands FPS onal pact Be, = ee ede) Fe, fda = ecu) tes SRM few Ty ad sie tetoas of 6 aad, ae oh oy = Ego litia ead q sample vey 4 ele] Fr. Bs R0oera gaat 20.39, Spe. (tlamdlg) en, GS (abhere, 2 wARTe ew" fey an 5 sieeass, azezerg} ant Cet [fh Gs wrser seat Pa] Bet pred La Vad a), Go pra g, = ane2. Bh, pe tf) apt? P= MRR whe, oy 39d EMR, ay eT MP ont SI] g, Tie ny panel boars Rigg pa. 381, ARs petal lhe paul dPabectbabs aah és 5 Ler etre )] feng ese bis eceea oe 6 =4lq- re nnayse m ope F ea; Me) we Aabaidtin of Ep Gani eps aD) geal TG = inelee Pe ag bE - eer) oy Ltrs EPG fe Ty emalsy st Ties of 6 tele, a oy halite e447 e =qoerl! €, ete] Fin Da Rm ere aad Po O.ay, Spe WP) dai Soca, oO = (A AORE © FIFE Rw Fp ay sdetere, paerore) sot LMT G, = Where a, +a ot L%e] @ Fie poi tac Tet P33, 5-008 ead f= 082. Than, Eps (El apelh 7 = ERB Me, = $9 RTPA, oy = Gog a Re 3 By Miele hl fs RISE Bene heel © = anne ven.an ly pe. Ay foned alain ptejea hae las 2 é,0¢ Lr - sera] cd &- dia etaig)y te & = ly - eens] se om ch beer bez) o bebe Ep woh Cpe Ga anal) pol BE PUNT eto ay a ty a feta — wee Eiteng Ope Gti for 07 ender, a ee a Sado, tt atti oe agg litres carl ”4 108] Fee Bs fenePe cued Poe. af, Cpe, 2) taal ich Steam W =(séters, + rece )eu™ Gea] oy shor ere, paczone) at bet if) ce f= (eT OF g FEI BT LPey Fret paced on EGS, B= OR Bo AR Fan, Bpe Gi apatet pa twebéa wa, op = Ban a aa, oy = Sb Pe cael[Biel en peck, @-9an, onan Thy opel om FS 1USh ere, eye tia, = UE ae tents fer al 3s, waa 1 cet Haw Faut 3 £7 e087 §>- 8.008 Ce eee ee Feat q. €, + oeny , ELe pees ya RBA Me, op = aga araleY, fw TT APH fuk: 4, > 9099, ten0.002, he aster mesa Ah, op PET By Seth a, fox alaveniuamtlly 107s fi, Ca TE8rG EONS. alla, Aye Eg thy fasten) alice vind Fawn Came 8; = aay tessa) Togerple ee 6] Spembrgel Meee ella, ] i tines Arar sg ma mpional atccnas po Aly unten of the canon (oh ing ar Roig den, OF =O. Hoe, eee poke HE, dus ttien &, a4 és pp lérty iS fem] Sita pee pected, 420 mb, dy = 00D. Fay Ep) ’ Up = Peseta ae, p= Se Silcurie fer pied se, teal, ut dae Voutt: g)2 eat 4 2-208r A aa deo wre Gs oP aT ay De eA te Peak u: €, epsow, f° 0 par pe eenal APa, dy = ends my, of 2 Fey MP fin T: 6) = ood, 6) oon G7 s ARTE APL, OF = EDN, Hy THIET Mite Gp Hable Al, fv abaandane alli 107s Te, B= VEEP, wees, als, aor 8 patel ata raga iho that &, > aarall MER EEE] fay gegagg Perit] apg ra ida] Absen thsty comma stormed finesse st Bhs tasface of A uty (ah any dency deni), 7-0 Hee, BR Gs pale AE, piney olan ey a, fp eee) vad aot] Gn genet, ¢) ceamh, = tees. Fle, Fp fh peed Oye sn Gwe, OG + iT ay LS Fikes fa pad ay 2, end ee Rane Prat a O87, fg aE Op SH doth edhe, ho FN otah, Ge-idesan an Fait a: «, se-004 y y= -oees ee eee ee Fans: Cp = e009, cgeqeoe STH Atay po ores 3 A, ta Ftp BGP Al fi conde aly 1275 TE, BOTREPS, fr es aie tlie, Ay. op. 3.5) Uy sama slcees etl petinlinng Se pepe re ere) ay Ge gaeyl te] Shghaeltet rth) tg shine Ties cane tareael! fusadise ty doanftee of mE ey Ob arly a tengo) OO Bo, FRED pe a pamrepiaf tinct Cy ad, pa thted aPRAT aaa oak op Ba coped mia LGreSl, Betatr) oo be ramen eae apes dane Seem 26K Ost gy tho losteg tenho" RD A geneeretnnt » Papeete sya A Feet oa et, haa fo pl 29 4d ere fob gone, ne eo Sa We atts, ane pate Cann fe FEED Tail ww ae oH wm pd Esti), e-Ravees) fa he ane eae apc be Genser nando" a (see, eteeninn CRT genomes » opel TB #2 ganas eign 2 Sees gutl Fron aE--seaam, esse antl fo pa 2 bad cn ine Wes ene onset PEGE Liaity gonzon walt ap Sia) getiion a canine irte cpapeekt ieee sea ge eben E ye neennc ea ” Fees TUL, ge amy Ay lew qadl cna, Analy frp 25d ae2 = 500 (195) Ey = ~ Sophia = 0.002290 200,000 = 0.000935 +Oyy) =- 0.291500 +5) _ Hx TOUTE 200, 000 ~ Ly = 800 (1.002290) = 801.83 7 Ly s20.mm ba f0(1-2000075) = 1.99.mm Oxy 0 and Gx = Zbyy v ~ FG 2 Sy Tue (iteve¥®) yy = BV aye Shee, Sie = V (Gix + Gyy) = 0.29(S00 1777.2)SS) uth 05 2th, oa Fal ty = thy satieae elton, Atcbaletne ant ty £pe.0 28%, “PO RE Paes, Ont ay ee WPT An edety a opr he eae day Bild Kope tal, wrt Froot “Ups CeaLae pects a wie Rn at Ey stoner As ve/Tortte oll ant g@ 5 Evlacoely Snsladdy 2, settrsenef teed tlt tow confam We Da sents of The dyftameak eonke xe WS Coreen letyg hh aay 5 Leben yy ong Aap ele thie OR, Range an ror mre ak, gath op 38} BW NOK = Bae bythe ang 0s) Thapar, aioe TMG Gene; rel BRE tk Avg fe afl alana ext Cy foe BAT Sather oP ol Ba rhe 3.8) woth m= ey Bap and oF 7, Aly ethane tian aalabaenttnd, bp BBO 6.201, TPR NE Caen, Cement a oe bee tecry Bt n~pe he RED teddy Een a), yt tee ~ f+ (aneade ee “ fe -ke ted, 4 ia Ss ARE = taney Leena) gaat @ = 8 ftaieely ly corte iy diene caatir Wadia Cie yy I en De Bg Aggy + lily pas Be Gy th amg ais eres er, wth Bf AUS HW = Cap Hyp has Plaga) Then fit, dV 2a fo Oi tpt oj tH Md eb, wecw fe all wal tytn Shae Ok Bad Op ig ha hay oettiew = atta An laimat and, dip Epa 5 28), PERCY RE eg, aeera typo “f= he Rey a ~ dpe fara apa, prnke chose a k= t= Ey dimer AS HEVCHM ae og» Seema Bh) aad iy omatysrweed ok eae Base Bowe Ho! Thelen of thy inal cies q Khe Sag )Eth Spy Slee Ea yy at ape endnote eget cvrbette he, wn OPAL 8) AVSK OW fm thy +A, "Fitccrgy neal Thane fnt, . aa AP ed, voy for al ornleasef is Gy ae3.7 tan 20= ou 2150) Gen Uyy © 250050 *~ 4900 o= 0.3181 Te Gury, [Ge . 2 Get yy, [[Tx=G ee oe ve 2 + Oy 20-0, 21004212) > 212) Ma zoo ~212.1 2ll2) MPa g =e u Vg = BAA ~ 2233. Gira an 6,-£0- 22> 72,000 ~ 72,000 * 200488 Lg Lo -~ eb - 233082) €2*ER-=E% *~ 72,000 ~ Be =0.00299 3B - ~F. . 84600 a G* stay) = acmaasy = 30990 ban 20° San -¥ OG) Oz2 = 095 (90-50) 149 MPa (: y) Exx apo -¥% Tay? fe) = g ism - oashsrerye OED €yy EG 9- Een) 7a 2 Abate apo1es st pine hay 2 Gy Fo, 590" 290829 Eng = 2E by = Tx -V% = 2(Ihy-» Te) — Oe (142 7 Gy = Balen. swolttetoedl 545.0%t EM ~ Ey = aide, - 2810450 Ex Eee Bly = zeille, - 2IOP = 0 00200 Lom = 380, _ g2ilsod) 2.00100 LG, - 94 Ey € ~ 200,000 200, 002 bee 2 ¥ (Gre +g) *~ Bebb (s00 4915.0) 0.00182 Ly = 600 (140, 00200) = £01.40 mm Ly = 800 (1+ 0.00100) = 200.80 ™™ £27 @ (i-0,00183) = 299mm3.10 From Prob @.78), Yay = 2G Ea. With €y.5 00020 & | Ep 5 0.00140, Ec = ~O-0012 S26, , X22 201SS By Table |, Appendix A, E= 72.06Pa, y=0.33. @) Since Ge= Ge Ga=% Eps Go32) duce Tae = oe (Ene t Evy) Gry = Ce yy + 76x) Gy? & Bey” x Heres, Tay = Lite [0.0025 + 0.33(-0.00/25)] = 1b8.67 MPA = 72,00 : 2-34.34 MPa Sys TBEE | - 0.005 +0:336 00250) J = 72,000 (0.00155) = 41.95 MPm ACI 33) By Efe.@.30), T =k Gxt Gy) * Ve Gur Gyht Gy (867-3939) + ees gias™ 67.16 + 109.83 = 176.97 MPO i u Gy G71L — 109-83 = —42.67MPa () ta 262 2%) = O4 133 5 IB303414ad = 245° Gx -y ; \ “6 1L.23° Reference: Element Principal stress Element owt.) |[3.10 Jeontinved © Coonan = 4 (Ginaeg ~ Unsn = 4 (GG) = Zl176-9944261) 1D Tag = 109 83 MPa. CG) Of Cage = 2TH 4S = £6.03" 7 | Le nee Reference ress Element Element 3.11 With Oe, = GO MPA, Oy, = 120MPA and Gy = 50MPa, EBS. 3.30) yield Exx = Gen ~ VGy) = sage 0.000226 5 139 ~ 0.24K80) = 0.000484 ae & yy = = £ Gy 7 "Gx) = aes y = 12 = éxy =e way = #9 = 0.000343 By Ef) onli of Example 2.10 the principal Strains relative to (Ky) Axes are Coe Ex t § Ene orm £) G6or Gy + Ey = 0.000226 + 000088 + eons 00028" A = 0.000355 2% 9-000348 “ G& = 0.000708, Ey = 0.000007 The Hard pruinpal ainin 2c Ena 62-2 (tnt) a = = -0:0002 €5 — Sophy (80 +120) uu 1BE) ge Az B, mak, no Then by &.@-61) Goo = Leen tom Ey + 2m xy oe (3) (o-conaae) + AP amoest) © 2G )c4)(0000323) Soe = 90000 108 eae By €F.@-39), Ah principal stresses relative to Gin) axes are given by Or, = Taxthy + “ie is Sete 2 (GG, ip = WB0tWO + 2 ae = 28H + I gp-100)*, 52 Mt [casa © = 104 102.96 = 112.9%, — 92.96 MPA The third pn cpap sliver #1 Ugg = 0. Ordering Ti 2112.96, tp=0, G= -F2.76 [uray By Epa.G.30), the corretpendbing free pia] titres 6 = H(G- ve -YG) 2 pga (lI2tt 40.20 F21)= pow TO0 29K 92M) €,= L(- 6-6) = digas (oanelrath 0 axa) =-a0u029 — -0. 2-0: _ £G- vG-PG) _ 0.82%) =, —0- 000 6286 7 7B14} From Prob. 343, the stress components are, ia Ma, Ty =~ 80, Ty = 10, Ixy = 50, Tia =Ga =%a=o By Efe(3-30), the Corres pmdbig s tram Components ere =! = -0-0005% ex * 3h (-80 =0.24x100 ) = —0-000545 a 2 0.000616 yy > dd (100 + 0.24x80) = -2. 7 == 0.000029 Gee = B32 (- 804100) = = 0.00032 Exy Hah (50) = 0-00 3 Exe = Ge 20 Fer the divectios 20° coontercleckwise from the x-axis, A= Cos20? = 0-939] mz sin °s 0.3420, 10. Therefore, by &%-@.6)), Ego = 0.4217) 0.000545) +(0.2420) [0 covet) ralosarbmDbouny a x99 2 — 2.016 x107# 315 |@The fact that b does not chanye means that Sy SE (Gy Gx) =O Oy 3 Voy = 0.334200 2 66 MPa ® 6, 2m. ECan ~?Giy) = agp (200-0. 23x61)= 0.00248 72,000 2 The Range an a aa ba = 0002480. ©) The change im cress sechinal area is due to the Strav in the B-dikechin CL to the plane of the fuore). Theufrs, €22 = £(G2-”Gr-"Gy) = pol? = 0433 10-033 xl) = ~0.00122 The reduction in dimension 1h the 2- direction is 000122. x 200 = d.24¢ mm, and the change in anrca is 0-244 x200 = 48.8 anm™ (reduction).mS TE Epa TR Gy “cae pcaad ofan, Be ty Bae Tiarap sandy tana = owcey socmapenenj ented BOR Fo tated ana td = Sree scat acarkraenmue 8 Spt fa yw tn Tyee gy cae yeanmemnpesine ae ace ge pga Spc re Copter ieeteene [a eer ne ee tet earl (et ret ony te Teak pear 8 pga ghar er ote pine Sesucehentrsentsmaime eter i sant ce tocabasone Spawn -ces Ge ompronnaymnsgepvewtete ct Fong oman sete) SL Sachi cath ametneene a fetes time seen Sota Dye teen dbnesfnsigFORTS a graeme Gabon by tee be panting palo | sehen te pie Senn “ipmash pant WR epee eet fo tea Lk magn te glad hc, Span ogi, Sy cara ae fe Bpleccom) ieee we Spo US Tian Bp ncnped cane, toni emt a neat th bhp pia Rat Wel BOG a npg dont Bon an lt meng Aisa pect fy. A fan, eet Suceomy Syrenem eg anie Levens png pices, ene tne 8 oe 3 atthe ppp lpi eB of en pap nef Pio tan tte anges ane ln hfe om teehee, ty) = as we Bae cao am oubee oo Hullo aon oe pel ey Se cee we Bin fy Oe at aie gd - n= Balen mo) Fy Fate » ore B27, vats heey Gym Spt pel Se A ys ee ows Ponte te Sa aaa, w rasta 5 eae te beg i EST (fy 0 ge srk - Fin then tn) Seater ty tp Oysel ams, 5t4isey yt oe‘fF Le tege npn td tag lot cg ag [fiw snacnaddes iipavg he, Renn ooo Sy “eanyn anh top, cade tab ct a baie aca Si ie Pecan Testis ane ad eet Pesos ot 1 Piper fies tnleag westend = 036 gy Pre aig eanne tb) seas eanjnee SEE Ls amg Suu fea? «oor by dap apn ign ee (pint dieu pein opegieg, = fate Baws eta So oa solder @ Tet pine "sete mn aid se a, Set Gore By naj canara gr, & ocean tate orcas ee Het wang pty ak esa en, Cy oon heoat ld Fle om Faris ag eas “5h 6 eto eNgcanasr eat «0g Rieti ana si l8) Sven ages pose ET seer unl ay - sven ey esp open OP Sy hve Pied as to zene nro im] (fin sucks igopegg, Sta) a one) Sy Ayton tte goss scone, pga e sete, Ian Sig “ans iy ba te te nel rg nao cipal ranaroe Fiennes etanivowten = 230 ay Parle wtcottige asta sev ae eon 22]