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CBR Fisiologi Olahraga
CBR Fisiologi Olahraga
SISTEM BIOENERGI
IMANUEL JP SIMBOLON
DAFTAR ISI
KataPengantar................................................................................................................................,
Daftar Isi........................................................................................................................................,
BAB 1 :Pendahuluan
BAB II : Pembahasan
Keunggulan/Kelebihan Buku........................................................................................................,
Kelemahan/Kekurangan Buku......................................................................................................,
Kesimpulan...................................................................................................................................,
Saran.............................................................................................................................................,
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. IDENTITTAS BUKU 1
B. URAIAN BUKU 1
Energy Substrates
Energy is released when chemical bonds—the bonds that hold elements together to
form molecules—are broken. Substrates are composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and (in the case of protein) nitrogen. The molecular bonds that hold these
elements together are relatively weak and therefore provide little energy when broken.
Consequently, food is not used directly for cellular operations. Rather, the energy in food
molecular bonds is chemically released within our cells and then stored in the form of the
high-energy compound introduced in chapter 1, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is
discussed in detail later in this chapter. At rest, the energy that the body needs is derived
almost equally from the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats. Proteins serve important
functions as enzymes that aid chemical reactions and as structural building blocks but
usually provide little energy for metabolism. During intense, short-duration muscular
effort, more carbohydrate is used, with less reliance on fat to generate ATP. Longer, less
intense exercise utilizes carbohydrate and fat for sustained energy production.
All energy originates from the sun as light energy. Chemical reactions in plants
(photosynthesis) convert light into stored chemical energy. In turn, humans obtain energy
either by eating plants or by eating animals that feed on plants. Nutrients from ingested
foods are provided in the form of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. These three basic
fuels, or energy substrates, can ultimately be broken down to release the stored energy.
Each cell contains chemical pathways that convert these substrates to energy that can
then be used by that cell and other cells of the body, a process called bioenergetics. All of
the chemical reactions in the body are collectively called metabolism. Because all energy
eventually degrades to heat, the amount of energy released in a biological reaction can be
calculated from the amount of heat produced. Energy in biological systems is measured
in calories. By definition, 1 calorie (cal) equals the amount of heat energy needed to raise
1 g of water 1 °C, from 14.5 °C to 15.5 °C.
C. IDENTITAS BUKU 2
3. Penerbit : SPINGERS
5. No.ISBN : 978-3-319-20091-0
D. URAIAN BUKU 2
A beneficial characteristic of biomass is that it can be stored, in contrast with
solar or wind-based generation, which means that bioenergy generation can more easily
be matched with varying demand. Unfortunately, biomass often requires large production
and collection areas, has low energy density, is expensive to harvest and transport, and
has high maintenance and logistics costs. This makes it challenging for the bioenergy
industry to compete with the highly developed fossil-fuel supply chains (De Meyer et al.
2014). Also, biomass quality can be affected by transport and storage. Although passive
drying reduces the moisture content, which is a favorable outcome, storage can also
induce fiber deterioration, which reduces the energy content (Wolfsmayr and Rauch
2014). Furthermore, bioenergy supply chains have to deal with the geographical spread of
supply sources and weather and season induced supply variations. In addition, the supply
chain is challenged by complex logistics and inventory management aspects, as well as
variety of uncertain factors. Almost every step in the supply chain may have uncertainty
factors. Some uncertainties are inherited from the biomass supply part, others from the
energy generation and demand parts. Weather conditions and technical disruptions affect
harvesting time windows as well as biomass yield and quality. Transportation and logistic
uncertainties involve fleet availability, storage and road conditions, all of which induce
unpredictable supply. Technological innovation and government policies and incentives
greatly affect the competitiveness of investments and operations.
Researchers have looked at biomass-bioenergy markets in settings varying from a
single feedstock and a single consumer to integrated settings in the local economy or
other energy markets. To a large extent the modeling approaches reported in the literature
are inspired by a specific case, resulting in many specialized optimization models for
certain parts of the value chain or for specific supply chains. Van Tilburg et al. (2006)
present the BIOTRANS model, a general model for the biomass-to-biofuel supply chain.
This model is deterministic, has a cost-minimization focus, and does not consider
seasonality, storage, or biomass quality variations, although yields are location specific.
Ekşioğlu et al. (2009) develop a mixed-integer design and management model for the
supply chain of bioethanol produced from lignocellulosic biomass. It is a deterministic
cost-minimization model and considers seasonal variation and storage.
BAB II
PEMBAHASAN
E. Keunggulan/ kelebihan buku
Buku 1
Dalam buku ini memiliki pembahasan luas dalam penyampaiannya dalam sistem
bionergi Bukan tidak hanya terpaku pada satu ide pokok. Namun penulis mampu
mengaitkan suatu pokok masalah ke hal-hal yang lebih umum dan mudah dinalar
seperti dikaitkan ke dalam dunia agama dan Penulis berhasil menyampaikan
pesannya secara efektif dan efisien.
Pendapat saya pemahaman tentang sistem bionergi sangat banyak dibutuhkan
untuk kalangan olahraga dan bermasyarakat. Karena melalui buku ini kita dapat
memahami tentang pemimpin dalam pengorganisasian yang ada sehingga bisa
menanamkan sikap memimpin dalam organisasi, olahraga, berkeluarga maupun
kalangan masyarakarat..
BUKU 2
Dalam buku ini setiap bab saling berkaitan karena isi buku ini membahas tentang
pemahaman-pemahaman sistem bionergi yang harus terapkan dalam olahraga,
berkeluarga dan bermasyarakat. Karena buku ini membahas bagaimana ciri ciri
seorang pemimpin, sifat-sifat pemimpin dalam kalangan keluarga, olahraga
maupun masyarakat di kaji dari segi keislamannya.
BAB III
PENUTUP
KESIMPULAN
Bioenergi adalah energi yang dihasilkan dari lingkungan biologis. Lingkungan biologis
yang dimaksud termasuk biomassa dan produk-produk hasil proses metabolismenya. Pada
prosesnya, bioenergi terbagi menjadi dua proses utama yaitu proses Anabolisme dan
Katabolisme. Apa yang dimaksud bioenergi dan contohnya?
SARAN
Kepada seluruh pembaca dapat memberikan kritik dan memberi saran yang membangun
sehingga dapat diharapkan isi daripada tulisan ini dapat bermanfaatn bagi yang
membacanya.Sehingga mahasiswa hendaklah agar dapat memahami etika kewarganegaraan yang
lebih baik lagi.Kita sebagai calon pendidik dapat memahami dan menerapkan strategi –strategi
yang baik serta menarik dalam proses belajar mengajar,sehingga para peserta didik mengerti dan
nyaman terhadap materi yang nantinya akan kita sampaikan.
TRIMAKASIH