COLONIAL ERA: PORTUGUESE, DUTCH,

AND BRITISH RULE

INTRODUCTION
The Colonial Era in Sri Lanka spans from the early 16th century to the late 19th
century. During this period, the island was under the control of various European
powers: the Portuguese, the Dutch, and finally the British.

PORTUGUESE RULE (1505–1658)

The Portuguese arrived in 1505 and initially established a trading post. They
gradually expanded their control, leading to conflicts with the local kingdoms.

DUTCH RULE (1658–1796)

The Dutch East India Company took over from the Portuguese in 1658. They
focused on trade, especially in spices, and implemented a system of land tenure
known as the 'Wanniyar System'.

BRITISH RULE (1796–1948)

The British ousted the Dutch in 1796 and eventually took control of the entire
island. They introduced administrative reforms, plantation agriculture, and the railway
system.

CONCLUSION
The Colonial Era had a profound impact on Sri Lanka's social, economic, and political
landscape, shaping the country in ways that are still evident today.