Nursing Research
the nursing profession (Burn & Grove, p. 4)
 Is a systematic inquiry that uses disciplined
methods to answer questions or solve
problems. The ultimate goal of research is to
develop, refine and expand a body of
knowledge. (Polit and Beck, 2004)
 Is referred to as empirical research and is
synonymous with the conscious application of a
structured method. In which it follows a rigorous
step in order to solve a problem or develop
something new and to improve our knowledge.
 Since human knowledge is changing and
expanding, there are three type of knowledge
as identified by epistemologist:
 Propositional knowledge – it includes the
knowledge of theories, facts and laws. For
example, when we say we know each chord
on a guitar denotes a musical note we are
speaking of propositional knowledge
 Procedural knowledge or the knowledge
of how to do something – this type of
knowledge can be developed through doing
 Personal knowledge or personal knowing
– in this type of knowledge for us to know,
we must experience personally experience
it.
QUESTION ANSWER
PROBLEM SOLUTION
ISSUE CLARIFICATION
“To do research is to have a date with unknown”
- Anonymous
 Medical Research
 Business Research
 Agricultural Research
 ICT Research
 Scientific process that validates and refines
existing knowledge, or generates new
knowledge that directly and indirectly influences
1 Dennise
 A systematic inquiry designed to develop
trustworthy evidences about issue and
importance to the nursing profession, including:
 Nursing Practice
 Education
 Administration
 Informatics
 Refers to research done on addressing the
health concerns of client and the application of
the research on their care.
Designed to guide nursing practice and to improve
the health and quality of the life of nurse’s clients.
The general purpose of nursing research is to
answer questions or solve problems of relevance to
the nursing profession
■ Description
 Describing a phenomenon affecting the
nursing profession
 Gusto mo lang malaman yung meaning ng
isang bagay o idiscribe.
 Answer the word what?
 Example: Describing varied phenomena
such as: stress and coping, pain
management, adaptation, health beliefs and
practices.
■ Explanation
 It offers understanding, clarification and
information on why a certain phenomenon
occurs.
 Answer the world why?
 Mas malalim ang gusto mong alamin
 Example: Why is it significant to provide for
the psychological needs of patients in the
intensive care unit?
■ Prediction
 It estimates and anticipates the probability of
a certain outcome in a specific situation like
nursing intervention.
 Example: What are the effects of prolonged
Nursing Research

bed rest on the hospitalized patient’s

recovery?
Is the integration of;
■ Control
 Best research evidence
 The manipulation of a given situation to
produce the desired outcome.  With clinical expertise

 You did something.  And Patient values

 Example: Therapeutic effects of touch help a

patient and family with their fears. 1. Select topic of interest
2. Reconnisiate
 As a principal investigator (team leader) 3. Problematizing
 As a member of the research team 4. Plan your study
 As an identifier of researchable problem 5. Gather data
 As an evaluator if the research findings 6. Transcribe/ Encode Data
 As a user of the research findings 7. Organize
 As a patient or client advocate during studies 8. Analyze

 As a subject in studies 9. Write the Manuscript

10. Publish

Research Process Nursing Process

■ Own experience and interest
Defining the Nursing
Problem  Identify your own interests and formulate
Assessment
problem that reflects them; familiarity in your
territory and terminology.
■ Own professional practice
Planning a Formulating  Even a simple analysis of a conversation in
Research Design Diagnosis the nurse station can lead to research
problems.
■ Colleagues
Planning a  Brainstorming with friends about problem
Planning Care
Sample they have encountered may help clarify
research ideas.
■ Critical Friends

Gathering  Experts are good sources of research

Implementing
Data problems.
Care
SAMPLES
Own Ms. Toreja RN,MAN
Experience  Bachelor of Humans
Processing and and Interest  "Sir, OC-OC kc ako, and I'm
Evaluating bothered kung masama or ok
Analyzing Data
Care lang yun sa trabaho at sa
katrabaho ko."
 Implications of Nurses with
Formulating Obsessive-Compulsive
Conclusion and Personality Disorder to Social
Report

2 Dennise
Nursing Research
Exchanges within Healthcare
Organizations: Mapping
Perceptions from Co-Nurses.
 1.0 Final Defense Grade
Graduated Benemeritus
Ms. Rivero, RN. MAN
 Feminist
 "Ang weird ng nanay ko,
parang laging sinasapian.
Laging iritable, mainit ulo,
madrama, ano kaya eksena
niya?"
 Women in Midlife: Exploring
Experience Across Social
Boundaries
 1.25 Final Defense Grade
 Proster presentation at the
2nd international conference
on qualitative health and
nursing research.
Own Mr. Pagente, RN, MAN
Professional  Critical Care
Practice  "Naging CI kc ako sir sa ICU
eh ang toxic dun. Gusto ko
lang malaman kung ano yung
ineendorse na trabaho ng
mga nurses sa isa't isa."
 The art and Science of Task
Delegation in Critical Care:
The Common Praxis among
Junior and Senior Filipino
Nurses.
 1.25 Final Defense Grade
Colleagues Mrs. Marcelo, RN. MAN
 PNP Hospital
 "Sa PNP Hospital ho ako
nagtratrabaho. Curious ho
kaming mg CI sa mga
pasyente dun. Naku sir, ang
tagal nila magstay sa area.
 The Lived Experiment of
Amputated Policeman: The
Paces, Phases and Faces of
their Psychosocial
Adjustment
 1.25 Final Defense Grade
 Best Poster Presentation
Philippine Nursing Research
Society
Critical Mrs. Sharon B. Cajayon, RN.
Friends MAN
 Emergency Nursing
 "Sir anu po ba magandang
topic na bagay sakin, yung
3 Dennise
bagay as CI."
 Caring Behavior of ER
Nurses among selected
hospitals in Valenzuela City
 1.25 Final Defense Grade
 Anybody needs information to make decisions
and/or perform his functions more effectively.
 Needs to know what teaching approaches and
materials can be used to help students learn
better
 Need health related data in developing health
programs, improving delivery of health services
and identify interventions to improve health
conditions and individuals.
 Needs accurate information before selecting a
course of action.
Research can be used to:
 Describe a population (people, objects,
institutions)
 Determine/describe an existing situation
 Compare two conditions or groups of population
 Determine existence, degree, or nature of
relationship between two or more factors
 Predict the value of a certain characteristics
 Evaluate and/or compare effectiveness of an
intervention, treatment or exposure
1. The Conceptual Phase
 Formulating and Defining a problem
 Reviewing the related literature
 Undertaking clinical fieldwork
 Defining the framework/developing
conceptual definition
 Formulating hypothesis
2. The Design and Planning Phase
 Selecting a research design
 Developing intervention protocols
 Identifying the population
Nursing Research
 Designing the sample plan
 Specifying the methods to measure research
variables
 Developing methods to safeguard subjects
 Finalizing the research plan
3. The Empirical Phase
 Collecting Data
 Preparing the data for analysis
4. The Analytic Phase
 Analyzing the data
 Interpreting the results
5. The Dissemination Phase
 Communicating the findings
 Utilizing the findings in practice
 Identifying research problem
 Doing a literature review
 Developing an overall approach
 Selecting and gaining entree into research
sites
 Developing method to safeguard participants
 Deciding what type of data to gather and
how to gather them
 Deciding from whom to collect the data
 Deciding how to enhance the
trustworthiness
 Collecting data
 Organizing and analyzing the data
 Evaluating data: Making modifications to
data collection strategies
 Evaluating Data: Determining if saturation
has be achieved
Too General
 Communication findings
4 Dennise
 Utilizing (or making recommendations for
utilizing) findings in practice and future
research
1. A research problem must be relevant
 Contributing to knowledge and development,
problems should be worth investigating and
worth the time, money and effort to be spent
on it.
 Must be relevant in nursing
 Example: Attitudes and Behaviors of Nurses
on Night Duty Shift and its impact to their
Nursing performance.
2. A research problem must be feasible
 Adequate technical expertise skills,
equipment and experience
 Adequate number of subjects
 Affordable time and money
 Manageable in scope
 Must be durable
 Example: The Effect on achievement of
providing each students a Microcomputer in
their Math Class
3. A research problem must be Clear
 It should be specific, clear and
unambiguous. Deals with a limited aspect of
a certain phenomenon
4. A research problem must be ethical
 The conduct of study should not pose any
danger, embarrassment, hurt or any risk to
research respondents or subjects or any
one.
1. Situations/Interest
2. Experiences
3. Communication/Colleagues
4. Previous studies/ Literature
5. Desire for advancement
General Area Specific Too Specific
Nursing Research

Look for the area of study first

It is good to seek professional advice from a critique
before conducting research on the topic of interest
 Controlled – specific constraint or limitation
were identified and eliminated to ensure
precision and validity of results
 Orderly and systematic – follows a sequence
of steps

FINERS  Generalization – is the finding applicable to the

entire population
Feasible
 Intensive – in-depth approach is used to
Interesting ensure that all possible loopholes in the study is
Novice covered
Ethical  Empirical – objective reality as sources of
knowledge
Researchable
Significant
 Identification – assess situation that needs
clarification
 Description – determine relationship between
When we hear the word research and research and among variables investigated
process it invoke feelings of apprehension and
anxiety. Undertaking research is similar to  Exploration – answer the what question
undertaking a journey, it has a point of origin, route  Explanation – answer the question why and
and final destination. seek clarification
Steps in the Research Process (Cronin,  Prediction and Control – projects situation or
Coughlan and Smith, 2015) events and minimize effects
■ Developing a Researchable Topic
 Identifying the research problem/topic of
interest
 Reviewing the literature
 Devising a research question/Hypothesis
■ Organizing your Research
 Selecting a methodology
 Identifying the population and selecting a
sample
 Planning the method of data collection
 Respecting ethical principles
 Demonstrating rigour/trustworthiness
■ Gathering and Analyzing information
 Gathering data
 Analyzing data
 Discussing and interpreting the result and
implication for practice
 Disseminating the results

5 Dennise