Name: A_Sarra_215070101111004

Exercise 2: Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Activity 1: The Muscle Twitch and the Latent Period Lab Report

Pre-lab Quiz Results

You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.

1. Skeletal muscles are connected to bones by

You correctly answered: b. tendons.

2. Skeletal muscles are composed of hundreds to thousands of individual cells called

You correctly answered: c. fibers.

3. The term motor unit refers to

You correctly answered: c. one motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates.

4. The motor neuron and muscle fiber intersect at what is called

You correctly answered: d. the neuromuscular junction.

5. A twitch is
You correctly answered: a. one contractile response to a single action potential.

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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: Will changes to the stimulus voltage alter the duration of the latent period?
Your answer : b. No, changing the stimulus voltage will not change the latent period duration.

Stop & Think Questions:

What is the period of time that elapses between the generation of an action potential and the start of muscle tension
development in a muscle fiber?
You correctly answered: c. the latent period

What occurs during the latent period of these isometric contractions?

You correctly answered: b. All the steps of excitation-contraction coupling occur.

Experiment Data:

Voltage Length Active Force Passive Force Total Force Latent Period
0.0 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 ----
3.0 75 1.04 0.0 1.04 ----
4.0 75 1.32 0.0 1.32 2.40
6.0 75 1.65 0.0 1.65 2.40
8.0 75 1.81 0.0 1.81 2.40
10.0 75 1.82 0.0 1.82 2.40

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Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 6 out of 6 questions correctly.

1. An action potential in a motor neuron triggers the release of which neurotransmitter?

You correctly answered: b. acetylcholine

2. The term skeletal muscle fiber refers to

You correctly answered: a. an individual skeletal muscle cell.

3. The graded depolarization in the skeletal muscle fiber that is elicited in response to one action potential from the motor
neuron is called
You correctly answered: c. an EPP (end-plate potential).

4. Which of the following is not a phase of a skeletal muscle twitch?

You correctly answered: b. hyperpolarization phase

5. A skeletal muscle twitch is

You correctly answered: a. one contractile response to a single action potential.

6. Which of the following correctly matches the twitch phase with its definition?
You correctly answered: d. the contraction phase: the time between the end of the latent period and peak muscle tension

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Review Sheet Results
1. Define the terms skeletal muscle fiber, motor unit, skeletal muscle twitch, electrical stimulus, and latent period.
You did not answer this question.

2. What is the role of acetylcholine in a skeletal muscle contraction?

You did not answer this question.

3. Describe the process of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibers.

You did not answer this question.

4. Describe the three phases of a skeletal muscle twitch.

You did not answer this question.

5. Does the duration of the latent period change with different stimulus voltages? How well did the results compare with
your prediction?
You did not answer this question.

6. At the threshold stimulus, do sodium ions start to move into or out of the cell to bring about the membrane
depolarization?
You did not answer this question.

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Review Sheet Results
1. Define the terms skeletal muscle fiber, motor unit, skeletal muscle twitch, electrical stimulus, and latent
period.

• skeletal muscle fiber: unit sel otot skelet

• motor unit: motor neuron dan seluruh serat otot yang diinervasi di mana mereka berpotongan
pada neuromuscular junction
• skeletal muscle twitch: satu respon otot terhadap satu potensial aksi
• electrical stimulus: komunikasi sel berupa sinyal listrik
• latent period: periode antara timbulnya aksi potensial dengan awal dari kontraksi otot

2. What is the role of acetylcholine in a skeletal muscle contraction

Acetylcholine yang berdifusi ke sarcolemma dan berikatan dengan reseptor di sana akan membuka ion
channel dan merangsang perubahan permeabilitas membran sehingga terjadi depolarisasi dan timbul
potensial end plate selanjutnya akan memicu terjadinya kontraksi otot.

3. Describe the process of excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle fibers.

Excitation-contraction coupling adalah keadaan saat potensial aksi pada neuron yang menyebabkan
sekresi asetilkolin yang akan berikatan pada reseptor di end plate membrane sel otot. Adanya asetilkolin
menyebabkan timbulnya potensial end plate yang akan memicu serangkaian peristiwa yang
menyebabkan otot berkontraksi.

4. Describe the three phases of a skeletal muscle twitch.

• Periode Latent : tidak ada force, terjadi antara dibentuknya potensial aksi pada otot dan
dimulainya kontraksi otot.
• Fase Kontraksi : dimulai saat periode latent berakhir sampai tegangan otot memuncak.
• Fase Relaksasi : rentang waktu antara tegangan otot yang memuncak sampai berakhirnya
kontraksi otot.

5. Does the duration of the latent period change with different stimulus voltages? How well did the results
compare with your prediction?

Saya memprediksi durasi dari Periode Latent tidak akan berubah meskipun terjadi perubahan tegangan
atau voltage. Berdasarkan praktikum yang telah dilakukan, prediksi ini terbukti dengan pengukuran durasi
Periode Latent menetap di angka 3.40 msec, meskipun dilakukan 4 kali percobaan dengan kondisi
secara berurut 4 volts, 6 volts, 8 volts, 10 volts.

6. At the threshold stimulus, do sodium ions start to move into or out of the cell to bring about the
membrane depolarization?

Untuk menyebabkan terjadinya depolarisasi membran, ion sodium atau natrium bergerak ke dalam sel
bukan sebaliknya.