Biotechnology

Quarter 3 – Module 2

https://www.google.com/search?q=black+and+white+pi
ctures+of+DNA+recombinant+technology

RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY: Manipulation of genetic

materials and steps of performing it.

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by the

Quality Assurance (QA) group of Moonwalk National High School of the Schools
Division of Paranaque. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to
email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the MwNHS@deped.gov.ph.
We value your feedback and recommendations.
 Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)

Describe how Recombinant DNA technology manipulates the genetic materials

of an organisms.
Acquire knowledge of the steps of Recombinant DNA Technology

Objectives

At the end the lesson, the learners should be able to:

- explain how the genetic materials are manipulated in an organism.
- outline the steps of DNA Recombinant technology .
- plan and design their own modified organisms in the future (either plant,
animals or human) that is very useful to mankind.

Introduction:

The world in 2025 will be much more crowded, and resources, especially those that
require arable land, will be at a premium. Biotechnology will provide a means of feeding growing
populations. Therapeutics for treating chronic diseases using biotechnology-derived methods and
products will be common, and diagnostics and treatments for cancer, heart disease, and some types
of genetic disorders will be more effective and less invasive—at least for nations that can afford
them. Vaccines will be available against most infectious diseases. With a better understanding of
the basis of life, many of the painful conditions that afflict mankind in 2000 will be preventable.
Many foods will be engineered to provide optimal nutrition and minimize spoilage. Controlling
illnesses caused by food-borne pathogens and keeping water supplies safe will be well within
mankind’s capability. Cost-effective, renewable resources will also have been developed that will
compete with nonrenewable petrochemical products. Biotechnology will make all of these things
possible. One promising aspects of biotechnology is the DNA Recombinant technology.
.

Let’s Recall (Review)

TRUE OR FALSE. (2pts. Each)

Biotechnology promise to:
1. provide therapeutics of genetic disorders that are more effective and less
invasive.
2. produce foods for the world that will be engineered to provide optimal
nutrition.
3. manufacture vaccines against most infectious diseases for the people to
live.
4. cost-effective, renewable resources will be developed that will compete
with nonrenewable petrochemical products.
5. prevents painful conditions that afflict mankind since 2000.

Day 1

Let’s Understand (DNA Recombinant Technology)

So what is rDNA Technology?

That's a very good question! rDNA stands for recombinant DNA. Before we get to
the "r" part, we need to understand DNA. Those of you with a background in
biology probably know about DNA. DNA is the keeper of the all the information
needed to recreate an organism. All DNA is made up of a base consisting of sugar,
phosphate and one nitrogen base. There are four nitrogen bases, adenine (A),
thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). The nitrogen bases are found in pairs,
with A & T and G & C paired together. The sequence of the nitrogen bases can
be arranged in an infinite ways, and their structure is known as the famous
"double helix" which is shown in the image below. The sugar used in DNA is
deoxyribose. The four nitrogen bases are the same for all organisms. The
sequence and number of bases is what creates diversity. DNA does not actually
make the organism, it only makes proteins. The DNA is transcribed into mRNA
and mRNA is translated into protein, and the protein then forms the organism.
By changing the DNA sequence, the way in which the protein is formed
changes. This leads to either a different protein, or an inactive protein. Now that
we know what DNA is, this is where the recombinant comes in.
Recombinant DNA is the general name for taking a piece of one DNA, and
and combining it with another strand of DNA. Thus, the name recombinant!
Recombinant DNA is also sometimes referred to as "chimera." By combining two
or more different strands of DNA, scientists are able to create a new strand of
DNA. The most common recombinant process involves combining the DNA of two
different organisms.
How the genetic materials are manipulated?
Recombinant DNA technology comprises altering genetic material outside an
organism to obtain enhanced and desired characteristics in living organisms or
as their products. This technology involves the insertion of DNA fragments from
a variety of sources, having a desirable gene sequence via appropriate vector.
Manipulation in organism's genome is carried out either through the
introduction of one or several new genes and regulatory elements or by
decreasing or blocking the expression of endogenous genes through recombining
genes and elements. Enzymatic cleavage is applied to obtain different DNA
fragments using restriction endo-nucleases for specific target sequence DNA
sites followed by DNA ligase activity to join the fragments to fix the desired gene
in vector. The vector is then introduced into a host organism, which is grown to
produce multiple copies of the incorporated DNA fragment in culture, and finally
clones containing a relevant DNA fragment are selected and harvested.
What are the main steps of rDNA Technology?

Recombinant DNA is the DNA that is composed of sequences that are derived
from different sources. The process of recombination DNA technology consists of
the following steps:
1. Isolation of genetic material (DNA)
DNA is enclosed within the membrane. So, to extract it out, the cell wall is broken
down to release the genetic material. This can be done by using cell wall digesting
enzymes such as Lysozymes for bacterial cells, cellulose for plant cells and
chitinase for fungi cells.
2. Cutting of DNA at specific locations
This is done by using restriction enzymes that cut DNA at specific recognition
sequences and give the desired DNA fragments.
3. Joining of DNA fragment
The DNA fragments generated with a cloning vector can be done by sticky ends
ligation, blunt-end ligation and homopolymer tailing.
4. Insertion of DNA into the host cell.
The recombinant DNA can be inserted into the host cell by transformation,
transduction, and vectorless gene transfer.
5. Selection and screening of transformed cells
The selection and screening of transformed cells can be by any of the following
methods- immunological method, nucleic acid hybridization and blue-white
screening or insertional inactivation.

Let’s Apply
Design an outline of the steps of Recombinant DNA Technology.
Apply what you have learned in your computer subject. Download your work
in the google forms to be provided. (25 points)

Day 2

Let’s Analyze
Answer the following questions briefly.

1. What is your stand regarding the manipulation of DNA of one or two

organisms to produce new organism or new products? Is it right or wrong?
Explain your side.
___________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2. Is Recombinant DNA important? Why?
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________)
 3. What are the possible impacts of Recombinant DNA Technology in our
World today? Enumerate at least 5.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

Choose the letter of the correct answer>

1. The cell is made up almost entirely of _____________.

A. fats B. nucleic acids C. carbohydrates D. proteins
2. Which of the following is a circular DNA from bacteria that can hold foreign gene?
A. plasmid B. ligase C. restriction enzyme D. protein expression
3-7 Arrange the following steps of DNA Recombinant Technology. Use letters A to E.
_____ 3. Joining of DNA Fragment
_____ 4. Isolation of genetic material
_____ 5. Insertion of DNA into the host cell.
_____ 6. Cutting of DNA at specific locations
_____ 7. Selection and screening of transformed cells
8-12 Arrange the following process in the manipulation of genes in rDNA Technology.
Use letters A to E.
_____ 8. Clones containing a relevant DNA fragment are selected and harvested.
_____ 9. Enzymatic cleavage is applied to obtain different DNA fragments using restriction
endo-nucleases for specific target sequence DNA sites
_____10. The vector is then introduced into a host organism, which is grown to produce
multiple copies of the incorporated DNA fragment in culture.
_____11. DNA ligase activity to join the fragments to fix the desired gene in vector.
_____12. Insertion of DNA fragments from a variety of sources, having a desirable gene
sequence via appropriate vector.
13. The type of organism usually used as vector in rDNA technology.
A. Viruses B. Bacteria C. Fungi D. Protists
14-15. Which of the following is/are the importance of rDNA technology? (2 pts.)
A. Better crops F. A and D
B. Production of insulin G. B and C
C. Production of plants that produced their own insecticides. H. A and C
D. Production of vaccines I. B and D
E. A, B and C J. All of them

Day 3

Let’s Create

Plan and design you own modified organism in the future using
Biotechnology .It could be plant, animal or human. Explain how this organism
will live and be useful in the future. Your work will be graded in the following
criteria

Originality ( plans and design are not copied

from any sources.) - 20 pts.
Creativity ( the design and presentation is - 20 pts.
realistic and is true to happen)
Usefulness ( the future organism is useful - 20 pts.
or beneficial to man and other living
organism.)