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HIGH MAST

TYPE OF STRUCTURE :

The superstructure of the Lighting High Mast is a slender column with hollow 12 sided polygonal
section, fixed at its base and free at the top, and the diameter is reducing from its base to top.
The mast is made of high strength steel metal in two parts, and joined together in SLIP Jointing
system. The bottom part is welded with a base plate along with stiffeners at its lower end.

The foundation is of Reinforced Cement Concrete having a square base with a square pedestal at
centre.

The superstructure is fixed with the foundation by means of foundation bolts in required numbers.

SCOPE OF WORK :

The entire structure is analysed and designed in two parts, one is the superstructure and the other
is the foundation. Our scope of work is to analysis and design the Superstructure in PART- A
and the R.C.C. foundation in PART- B.

PART - A

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR THE STEEL MAST

DESIGN BASIS :
As the dead load is very small compared to its geometry, the design seismic Lateral forces is small,
and not considered for this design. But, due to larger height in comparison to its sectional dimension,
effects of the lateral forces exerted by wind on the mast will be the governing lateral load for design.

The following code of practices are considered for design calculations.

(1) IS:800-1984
(2) IS:806-1968
(3) IS:875 (Part 3)-1987
(4) IS:1367 (Part 3)-2002
(5) IS:9595-1996
(6) IS:10178-1995
(7) BS:5649 (Part 7)-1985
(8) IS:1904-1986
(9) IS:11233-1985
(10) IS:6533 (Part 2)-1989
(11) ILE : 2000

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DESIGN PARAMETERS :

1. Total Height of Lighting Mast = 12.5 m

2. Total No. of Sections =2
3. Dimension of bottom Dia.(Outer) = 340 mm
4. Dimension of top Dia.(Outer) = 150 mm
5. Joining of section : Telescopic, continuous &
Tapering
6. Section Type : Regular Polygon of 12 sides
7. Thickness of lower section = 3 mm
8. Thickness of top section = 3 mm
9. No.of luminaires fixed symmetrically in 6 arms = 6 nos.
10. Wind Blokage Area of conical part of mast (Ref: Page 6) = 3.23 sqm
11. Wind Blokage Area of lantern ring, arms & light fittings etc. = 2.0 sqm
(Ref: Page 5)
12. Self weight of Mast (shell portion only) (Ref: Page 4) = 234.20 Kg
13. Weight of lantern carriage & arms (Ref: Page 4) = 50 Kg
14. Weight of other components (Ref: Page 4) = 50 Kg
15. Weight of luminaires & accessories (Ref: Page 4) = 120 Kg
16. Material of construction (Ref: ILE - 2000, Cl.2.3.1) BS EN 10025
17. Grade of foundation concrete = M25
18. Grade of foundation steel = Fe415
19. Load Bearing Capacity of soil = 10 T/m2
20. Base plate size = 540 mm dia
x 20 mm thk
21. Foundation Bolts = 6 nos.
= 25 mm dia
x 750 mm long
at 440 mm PCD
22. Wind speed = 50 m/s
i.e. 180 km/hr
23. Terrain category =2
24. Class =A
25. Mean design life of structure = 25 years

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GEOMETRY DETAILS :

d4

L2

d2

Lp1
d3

L1

d1

Total Length, L = 13 m
No. of segments =2
L1 = 6.500 m
L2 = 6.500 m
t1 (Thickness of 'L1' segment) = 0.003 m
t2 (Thickness of 'L2' segment) = 0.003 m
d1 = 0.340 m
d4 = 0.150 m

Change of dia. per unit length, c = = 0.0152

Lp1 = 0.500 m

d2 = d1 - c*L1 = 0.241 m
d3 = d2 + Lp1*c + 2t2 = 0.255 m

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CALCULATION FOR DEAD LOAD :

a) Self Weight of Mast

= 7850*π*0.5*[(L1*t1*(d1+d2-2t1))+(L2*t2*(d3+d4-2t2))]
= 234 Kg
b) Weight of lantern carriage & arms = 50 Kg
c) Weight of other components = 50 Kg
d) Weight of luminaires & accessories = 120 Kg
Total applied Dead Load at Mast top = 220 Kg
Total Dead Load at Mast Base = 454.20 Kg
Total Mass, m = 4542.0 N

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CALCULATION FOR WIND LOAD (STATIC) :

Vb=Basic Wind Speed, (Ref: Wind Map of IS: 875 (Part 3)- 1987) = 50 m/s
Vz=Design Wind Speed = k1*k2*k3*Vb
k1=Probality Factor (Ref: Table-1 of IS: 875 (Part 3)- 1987) = 0.9
k2=Terrain, Height & structure size Factor (Ref: Table-2 of IS: 875 (Part 3)- 1987)
Terrain category =2
Class =A
k3=Topography Factor (Ref: Cl.5.3.3.1 of IS: 875 (Part 3)- 1987) = 1.0
2 2
Pz=Design Wind Pressure=0.6*Vz N/m (Ref: Cl.5.4 of IS: 875 (Part 3)- 1987)
Wind Force, Fx= A*K*Cf*Pz
where, A=Wind Blockage Area
Cf=Shape Factor (Ref: Cl.6.3.2 of IS: 875 (Part 3)- 1987)
/D=Relative Surface Roughness = 0.001
(Ref: Note in Appendix-D of IS: 875 (Part 3)- 1987)
γ=Kinematic viscosity of air = 1.46*10^-5 m2s
(Ref: Note in Appendix-D of IS: 875 (Part 3)- 1987)
Change of dia. per unit length, c= (Dtop - Dbot)/L = 0.015
L/D = 49.861
Dvd = 11.724
> 6.0 m2/s
K=Reduction Factor (Ref: Table-25 of IS: 875 (Part 3)- 1987) = 0.989

Calculation of Wind Blockage Area at Top :

No.of luminaires fixed symmetrically in 6 arms = 6 nos.
No.of luminaires facing wind pressure (in worst condition) = 3 nos.
Size of each luminarie (0.25 x 0.25 m2) = 0.06 m2
Total wind Blockage Area at Top = 0.2 m2
The C.G. of lights and light fittings are placed at a distance from top = 0.8 m

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CALCULATION FOR NODAL FORCES AND MOMENTS DUE TO WIND (STATIC ANALYSIS) :

Node Top Dia Bot Dia Avg. Dia. Windage Vz Re=(D*Vz)/γ Cf/(1+2/D) F, Wind Force M, Mom about M, Mom at
K2 K*Cf Pz (T/m2)
Ht. (m) (m) (m) (m) Area (m2) (m/s) (in 10^5) (Fig.5) at node (T) base (T-m) node (T-m)
12.5 0.150 0.150 0.188 1.02 45.90 4.7 0.590 0.588 0.1264 0.0139 0.1631
11.5 0.150 0.165 0.158 0.158 1.01 45.45 4.9 0.530 0.527 0.1239 0.0103 0.1184 0.003
10.5 0.165 0.180 0.173 0.173 1 45.00 5.3 0.500 0.496 0.1215 0.0104 0.1094 0.027
9.5 0.180 0.196 0.188 0.188 1 45.00 5.8 0.500 0.495 0.1215 0.0113 0.1074 0.062
8.5 0.196 0.211 0.203 0.203 1 45.00 6.3 0.513 0.503 0.1215 0.0124 0.1055 0.108
7.5 0.211 0.226 0.218 0.218 1 45.00 6.7 0.544 0.520 0.1215 0.0138 0.1035 0.166
6.5 0.226 0.241 0.234 0.234 1 45.00 7.2 0.575 0.534 0.1215 0.0151 0.0985 0.238
5.5 0.241 0.256 0.249 0.249 1 45.00 7.7 0.600 0.545 0.1215 0.0165 0.0906 0.325
4.5 0.256 0.272 0.264 0.264 1 45.00 8.1 0.631 0.553 0.1215 0.0177 0.0798 0.429
3.5 0.272 0.287 0.279 0.279 1 45.00 8.6 0.663 0.554 0.1215 0.0188 0.0658 0.551
2.5 0.287 0.302 0.294 0.294 1 45.00 9.1 0.688 0.558 0.1215 0.0200 0.0499 0.691
1.5 0.302 0.317 0.310 0.310 1 45.00 9.5 0.719 0.575 0.1215 0.0216 0.0324 0.851
0.5 0.317 0.332 0.325 0.325 1 45.00 10.0 0.750 0.600 0.1215 0.0237 0.0118 1.033
0 0.332 0.348 0.340 0.340 1 45.00 10.5 0.762 0.610 0.1215 0.0252 0.0000 1.136

Total = 0.231 1.136

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DESIGN CHECK / CALCULATION

CHECK FOR CRITICAL DEAD LOAD

Total Applied Load at Top = 2200 N

Modulus of Elasticity of steel, E = 200000 N/mm2
Outer dia, Dtop = 150 mm
Outer dia, Dbot = 340 mm
Avg. outer dia, Dave = 245 mm
Inner dia, d top = 144 mm
Inner dia, d bot = 334 mm
Avg. inner dia, d ave = 239 mm
Moment of Inertia, Iave=π*(Dave^4-dave^4)/64 = 16699135 mm4
Total length, L = 12500 mm
Pcrit=π^2*E*Iave/(4L^2) = 52740 N >
12. Self weight of Mast (shell portion only) (Ref: Page 4) = 2200 N
Total Dead Load on mast = 4542.0 N
Hence OK

CHECK FOR DIRECT AXIAL STRESS

(Considering Average Section)
Grade of Steel = Fe 510
Yield Stress of Steel, fy (Ref: Table-3 of IS: 5986-2002) = 355 Mpa

Allowable Stress in direct compression = σac (Ref: Cl.5.1.1 of IS: 800-1984) = Minimum of
a) 0.6fy = 213 Mpa
b) σac= 0.6(fcc*fy)/(fcc^n + fy^n)^1/n
Where, fcc=π^2*E/(λ)^2
n = 1.4
l=2L = 25000 mm
r, (for hollow section)=r ave=sqrt(I/A) = 85.57 mm
λ=l/r = 292.17
fcc (cal) = 23.12 Mpa
σac (as per the above formula or Refer, Table- 5.1 of IS: 800- 1984) = 13.66 Mpa

Hence Permissible value of "σac" at mast base = 13.66 Mpa

Cross sectional area (calculated on the basis of average dia.)=π*(Dave^2-dave^2)/4

= 2280.80 mm2

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σac (cal)= Total Dead Load at Mast Base/ Cross Sectional Area = 1.99 Mpa <
= 13.66 Mpa
Hence OK

CHECK FOR COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL LOAD

(At Base of the mast)
Max. Axial Load at base (DL), Fy = 4542.0 N
Max.Horizontal Load at base (WL), Fx = 2307.8 N
Max. Moment, (WL+DL), M = 11361291.5 Nmm
Sectional Area of Mast at base, A=π*(D^2-d^2)/4 = 3176.15 mm2
Sectional Moment of Inertia at base, I=π*(D^4-d^4)/64 = 45092598.04 mm4
At base, y=D/2 = 170.00 mm
Section Modulus, z=I/y = 265250.58 mm3
Direct Stress, σac (cal)=Fy/A = 1.43 N/mm2
Bending stress, σbc (cal)=M/z = 42.83 N/mm2

he= effective length = L = 13 m

D= Mean Diameter at Mast Base= (Dbot+ d bot)/2 = 0.337 m
he/D = 37.092
A=[0.84+(0.019*he/D)^2]-1 for he/D>21
And A=1 for he/D<21
Hence, A = 0.748

Mast plate thickness at base= t = 0.003 m

D/t = 112.33
B=270*t/D*(1-67*t/D) for D/t>130
And B=1 for D/t<130
Hence, B = 1.000
(Ref: Annex C of IS: 6533 (Part 2)- 1989)
Maximum permissible compressive stress in combined action of bending and direct load =
σbc=0.5fy*A*B = 132.793 Mpa

For wind load (Ref: Cl.3.9.2.1 of IS: 800- 1984)

Combined σbc (perm) = 1.0 *σbc= = 132.793 Mpa
σbt (perm)= 1.0*0.66fy (Ref: Cl.3.9.2.1 of IS: 800- 1984) = 234.300 Mpa

Combined Stress a) Max. = 44.262 Mpa

Compression <σbc(Perm)
b) Min. -= 41.402 Mpa
Tension <σbt(Perm)

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CHECK FOR COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL LOAD

(At top of 1st Lap)
Max. Axial Load at base (DL), Fy1 = 3158.9 N
Max.Horizontal Load at base (WL), Fx1 = 1037.9 N
Max. Moment, (WL+DL), M1 = 3254943.8 Nmm
Sectional Area of Mast at 1st Lap, A1=π*[(d2+2*t2)^2-(d2)^2)/4 = 2301.53 mm2
Sectional Moment of Inertia at 1st Lap, I1=π*[(d2+2*t2)^4-(d2)^4)/64 = 17158671.46 mm4
At 1st Lap, y1=(d2+2*t2)/2 = 123.60 mm
Section Modulus, z1=I1/y1 = 138824.20 mm3
Direct Stress, σac (cal)=Fy1/A1 = 1.37 N/mm2
Bending stress, σbc (cal)=M1/z1 = 23.45 N/mm2

he= effective length = L-L1 = 6.00 m

D= Mean Diameter at 1st Lap= (d2+2*t2+d2)/2 = 0.244 m
he/D = 24.570
A=[0.84+(0.019*he/D)^2]-1 for he/D>21
And A=1 for he/D<21
Hence, A = 0.945

Mast plate thickness at 1st Lap= t2 = 0.003 m

D/t2 = 81.40
B=270*t/D*(1-67*t/D) for D/t>130
And B=1 for D/t<130
Hence, B = 1.000
(Ref: Annex C of IS: 6533 (Part 2)- 1989)
Maximum permissible compressive stress in combined action of bending and direct load =
σbc=0.5fy*A*B = 167.780 Mpa

For wind load (Ref: Cl.3.9.2.1 of IS: 800- 1984)

Combined σbc (perm) = 1.0 *σbc= = 167.780 Mpa
σbt (perm)= 1.0*0.66fy (Ref: Cl.3.9.2.1 of IS: 800- 1984) = 234.300 Mpa

Combined Stress a) Max. = 24.819 Mpa

Compression <σbc(Perm)
b) Min. -= 22.074 Mpa
Tension <σbt(Perm)

CHECK FOR COMBINED STRESS RATIO

(AXIAL COMPRESSION AND BENDING)
(Ref: Cl.7.1.1 of IS: 800- 1984)
(At Base of the mast)

Allowable Stress in direct compression = σac (Ref: Cl.5.1.1 of IS: 800-1984) = Minimum of
a) 0.6fy = 213 Mpa
b) σac= 0.6(fcc*fy)/(fcc^n + fy^n)^1/n
Where, fcc=π^2*E/(λ)^2
n = 1.4
l=2L = 25000 mm
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r, (for hollow section)=r ave=sqrt(I/A) = 119.15 mm

λ=l/r = 209.82
fcc (cal) = 44.84 Mpa
σac (as per the above formula or Refer, Table- 5.1 of IS: 800- 1984) = 25.89 Mpa
Hence Permissible value of "σac" at mast base = 25.89 Mpa
σbc (perm)= 1.0*0.66fy (Ref: Cl.6.2.1 of IS: 800- 1984) = 234.300 Mpa
σac (cal) / σac (perm) = 0.055
N=Combined Stress Ratio= σac(cal) / σac(perm) + Cm*σbc(cal)/{1-σac(cal)/0.6fcc)*σbc(perm)}
Cm, (as per Cl.7.1.3 of IS: 800- 1984) = 0.85
N= = 0.35
< 1.0, Hence O.K.

CHECK FOR COMBINED STRESS RATIO

(AXIAL COMPRESSION AND BENDING)
(Ref: Cl.7.1.1 of IS: 800- 1984)
(At top of 1st Lap)

Allowable Stress in direct compression = σac (Ref: Cl.5.1.1 of IS: 800-1984) = Minimum of
a) 0.6fy = 213 Mpa
b) σac= 0.6(fcc*fy)/(fcc^n + fy^n)^1/n
Where, fcc=π^2*E/(λ)^2
n = 1.4
l=2L = 12000 mm
r, (for hollow section)=r ave=sqrt(I/A) = 86.34 mm
λ=l/r = 138.98
fcc (cal) = 102.20 Mpa
σac (as per the above formula or Refer, Table- 5.1 of IS: 800- 1984) = 54.65 Mpa
Hence Permissible value of "σac" at mast base = 54.65 Mpa
σbc (perm)= 1.0*0.66fy (Ref: Cl.6.2.1 of IS: 800- 1984) = 234.300 Mpa
σac (cal) / σac (perm) = 0.025
N=Combined Stress Ratio= σac(cal) / σac(perm) + Cm*σbc(cal)/{1-σac(cal)/0.6fcc)*σbc(perm)}
Cm, (as per Cl.7.1.3 of IS: 800- 1984) = 0.85
N= = 0.15
< 1.0, Hence O.K.

CHECK FOR LAP LENGTH

(1st Lap)
Lap Length, L1= (3*M1/σy*t1)^0.5
Moment at 1st Lap= = 3254943.8 Nmm
σy = 213.000 Mpa
t1 = 3 mm
L1 = 124 mm
Lap Length provided, Lp1 = 500 mm
Hence O.K.

CHECK FOR EQUIVALENT STRESS (SHEAR AND BENDING)

(Ref: Cl.7.1.4.1 of IS: 800- 1984)
Max. Axial Load at base (DL), Fy = 4542.0 N

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Max.Horizontal Load at base (WL), Fx = 2307.8 N

Max. Moment, (WL+DL), M = 11361291.5 N
Wind force, F(Top) = 139.4 N
Maximum Torsion due to wind, T= Total wind force at bottom*half of mast dia at bottom
= 392331.4 Nmm
Sectional Area of Mast at base, A=π*(D^2-d^2)/4 = 3176.15 mm2
Sectional Moment of Inertia for bending at base, I=π*(D^4-d^4)/64 = 45092598.04 mm4
At base, y=D/2 = 170.00 mm
Polar Moment of Inertia for Torsion at base, J=π*(D^4-d^4)/32 = 90185196.08 mm4
At base, r=D/2 = 170.00 mm
Section Modulus for bending, z=I/y = 265250.58 mm3
Direct Stress= Fy/A = 1.43 N/mm2
Bending stress= M/z = 42.83 N/mm2
Torsion Shear at base, t= T*r/J = 0.74 N/mm2
Horizontal Shear Stress due to wind, x=k'*Fx/A = 1.45 N/mm2
k'= 2.0 (Shape factor corresponding to shear stress distribution in circular/tubular section)
Stress due to Torsion Shear, vm=t + x = 2.19 N/mm2
0.9*fy = 319.500 Mpa
Equivalent Stress, σ e cal= {σbc cal^2+3* vm^2}^0.5 = 44.42 N/mm2
< 0.9*fy, Hence O.K.

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DESIGN FOR FOUNDATION BOLTS AND BASE PLATE

Load Data:
Design Moment at Mast Base, M = 11361291.5 Nmm
Design Shear Force at Mast Base, Fx = 2307.8 N
Design Dead Load (vertically downward) at Mast Base, Fy = 4542.0 N

Bolt Specifications:
Size of Bolt (Coarse pitch thread) = 25 mm dia
Property Class = 6.8
Coarse pitch, conforming to IS: 1367 (Part-3)- 2002
Nominal Stress Area,As nom (Ref: Table-6 of IS: 1367 (Part 3)- 2002) = 388 mm2
Lower yield strength,fy (Ref: Sub Cl.5.7 Table-3 of IS: 1367 (Part 3)-2002) = 480 N/mm2
Min. tensile strength,Rm,min (Ref: Sub Cl.5.7 Table-3 of IS: 1367 (Part 3)-2= 600 N/mm2
No. of Bolts =6
P.C.D. of Bolts = 440 mm
Dia. of Bolts, Db = 25 mm

Base Plate Specifications:

Dia.of Base Plate, Dp = 540 mm
Thickness of Base Plate, t = 20 mm
Dia.of Mast at Base, Dm = 340 mm
Yield strength of Base Plate, fy = 255 N/mm2
(Grade of steel Fe-410)

Design for Foundation Bolts (Close tollerance and turned bolts):

a Xi b

Dm
Dp

Xi= Distance of each bolts from the axis of bending

Fi= Maximum axial force (tension and compression on either side of the axis of bending)
developed in bolts at different location due to bending moment (+ive or -ive)
F'= DL on each bolt (always +ive) =Fy/N = 757.0 N

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As the number of bolts are even, at any axis of bending of the mast, the bending axis will be a line
connecting two bolts and the centre of the mast base. Hence for this mast, there will be two bolts
on the axis and Three bolts on either side of the axis of bending.

X1 =PCD/2xSin60.0 = 190.53 mm
X2 =PCD/2xSin120.0 = 190.53 mm

Maximum force on bolts developed out of moment only=

F1 (at X1)=M*X1 / 2*(X2^2+2*(Xi^2), i= 1 to 2) = 9938.6 N
F2 (at X2)=M*X2 / 2*(X2^2+2*(Xi^2), i= 1 to 2) = 9938.6 N

Maximum axial tension on bolt, Ft max= Fi - F' = 9181.6 N

Maximum axial compression on bolt, Fc max= Fi + F' = 10695.5 N
a) Check for tension:
i) As per IS: 1367 (Part 3)- 2002
Minimum Ultimate tensile load= As nom* Rm min = 233000.0 N
(Ref: Table-6 of IS: 1367 (Part 3)- 2002) > 9181.6 N
Hence O.K.
ii) As per IS: 800- 1984
fy= 0.2% of proof stress = 480 N/mm2
ft= 0.7* Tensile strength = 420 N/mm2

tf perm= 1.0*ft*120/235 = 214.47 N/mm2

(Ref: Cl.8.9.4.3 of IS: 800- 1984)
tf cal on bolt (considering nominal stress area)= Ft max/As nom = 23.64 N/mm2
< 214.47 N/mm2
Hence O.K.
b) Check for shear:
tf perm= 1.0*ft*100/235 = 178.72 N/mm2
(Ref: Cl.8.9.4.3 of IS: 800- 1984)
tf cal on bolt (considering nominal stress area)= (Fx /N)/As nom = 0.99 N/mm2
< 178.72 N/mm2
Hence O.K.
c) Check for Combined shear & tension: (Ref: Cl.8.9.4.5 of IS: 800- 1984)
tf cal / tf perm + tf cal / tf perm = 0.12
< 1.4
Hence O.K.
d) Check for bearing:
pf perm= 1.0*ft*300/235 = 536.17 N/mm2
(Ref: Cl.8.9.4.3 of IS: 800- 1984)
tf cal on bolt (considering nominal stress area)= Fc max/As nom = 27.54 N/mm2

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< 536.17 N/mm2

Hence O.K.

e) Check for embedment length:

(Ref: Cl.26.2.1.1 of IS: 456- 2000)
Considering Grade of Concrete = M25
Design bond stress, bd in tension = 1.4 N/mm2
Design bond stress, bd in compression = 1.75 N/mm2
(Though the bolt surface will have rough surface, no increament allowance on thebd value
is taken in consideration.)
i) In Tension:
Straight length required for each bolt, L= 1.5*Ft max/ *Db*bd = 125 mm
i) In Compression:
Straight length required for each bolt, L= 1.5*Fc max/ *Db*bd = 117 mm
Using anchor plate at bottom of bolt, straight length required may be reduced considering the
effect of the anchor plate as a 90 degree bend for which the reduction in length will be
8x bolt dia (Ref: Cl.26.2.2.1 of IS: 456- 2000) = 200 mm
Henec bolt length required will be -= 75 mm
Provide foundation bolt with embedment length of = 750 mm

Design for Base Plate:

a) Check for Max. Shear stress:
Max. Bending Moment at Mast Base, M = 11361291.5 Nmm
Max. Permisible Shear stress= 1.0*0.4fy = 102.00 N/mm2
(Ref: Cl.6.4.1 of IS: 800- 1984)
Max. Calculated shear on the base plate at the base of the mast, max= 4*M/(*Dp^2*t)
= 2.48 N/mm2
< 102.00 N/mm2
Hence O.K.

b) Check for Max. Bending stress:

Approximate Max. Bending Moment at the junction of the Base Plate and Mast (on line a-b)
M max'= F2*(X2-Dm/2)+2*F1(X1-Dm/2) = 611983.9 Nmm
The breadth of the section of the base plate at its junction with the base plate,
B= 2*[(Dp/2)^2-(Dm/2)^2]^0.5 = 419.52 mm
If requred thickness of the base plate is= t1, the max moment can be taken by the plate,
M max1= 1.0*0.66*fy*B/6*t1^2
Now equating M max' and M max1, t1= {M max'/(1.0*0.66*fy*B/6)}^0.5=
= 7.21 mm
< 20.00 mm
Hence O.K.

c) Check for Max. Bending stress (due to single bolt, considering the behaviour of
circular plate):
M= F2*(X2-Dm/2-1/2 of weld thickness) = 174179.0 Nmm
This moment will act at the junction of Mast base with the Base plate, for a length of 1/6th
of the perimeter of the Mast base, Hence thickness of the base plate required=
[M/1.0*0.66*fy*(1/6)**Dm/6]^0.5 = 5.91 mm
< 20.00 mm
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Hence O.K.

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PART - B

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR RCC FOUNDATION

DESIGN BASIS :

The foundation have been designed considering "Limit State Method" on the basis of soil data
supplied by the client and other loading data obtained from the analysis results. The superstructure
has been analysed with the dead load and lateral load as per IS: 875 (Part 3)- 1987, to derive the
loading pattern and their values on the foundation.

DESIGN PARAMETERS :
1. Load Bearing Capacity of soil = 10 T/m2
(Data Supplied by the client as per Soil Test Report)
2. Grade of Concrete = M25
3. Grade of Steel = Fe415
4. Clear cover to main reinforcement = 50 mm
5. Permissible factor of safety against overturning and sliding = 2.0
6. Difference between G.L. and top of pedestal = 0.3 m
7. Depth of foundation below GL. = 1.50 m
8.  value for soil (As per Soil Test Report) = 15 degree
9. Unit wt. of concrete = 2.5 T/m3
10. Unit wt. of soil (assumed in absence Soil Test Report) = 1.8 T/m3

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DESIGN CALCULATION FOR RCC FOUNDATION

Type of Foundation is Shallow Foundation with square base

Net Bearing Capacity of soil, p net = 10 T/m2
Gross Bearing Capacity of soil, p gross= p net + *h = 12.70 T/m2
As the value of the governing wind force is more than 25% of dead load, Permissible Bearing
Capacity of soil will be 25% more, Permisssible bearing capacity of soil due to wind may be
considered as, p perm (Ref: Cl.15.1.7 of IS: 1904- 1986) = 15.88 T/m2
Total Horizontal shear forces at base of mast (WL)= Fx = 2307.8 N
Total Vertical forces at base of mast (DL)= Fy = 4542.0 N
Moment on vertical plane, at base of mast (WL)= Mz = 11361291.5 Nmm
Characteristic strength of Concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of Steel, fy = 415 N/mm2

Depth of foundation below GL., h = 1.5 m

Difference between GL. and top of RCC pedestal, h1 = 0.3 m
Size of Footing, width, B = 1.50 m
length, L = 1.50 m
Depth of footing slab, D = 0.4 m
Size of pedestal, width, Bp = 1.0 m
length, Lp = 1.0 m

Dead Load at Foundation bottom:

a) Self weight of pedestal= Bp*Lp*(h+h1-D)*2.5 = 3.5 T
b) Self weight of footing= B*L*D*2.5 = 2.25 T
Total weight of RCC foundation, Wrcc = 5.75 T
c) Weight of Backfill on footing, Wsoil= (B*L-Bp*Lp)*(h-D)*1.8 = 2.48 T
Total weight (submerged) at the centre of base,
Wsub= Fy+(Wrcc/2.5)*(2.5-1)+(Wsoil/1.8)*(1.8-1) = 5.00 T
Total Gross weight at the centre of base, Wgr= Fy+Wrcc+Wsoil = 8.68 T

CHECK FOR SLIDING:

(Ref: Cl.20.1 of IS: 456- 2000)
Sliding Force, Fx = 0.23 T
Resistance force against sliding, Fr= Wsub*tan = 1.34 T
F.S. against Sliding, Fr/Fx = 5.81
> 2.0
Hence O.K.

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CHECK FOR OVERTURNING:

(Ref: Cl.20.1 of IS: 456- 2000)
Overturning Moment (about footing edge), Mo= Mz+Fx*(h+h1) = 1.55 T-m
Moment of resistance against overturning, Mr= Wsub*B/2 = 3.75 T-m
F.S. against overturning, Mr/Mo = 2.42
> 2.0
Hence O.K.

CALCULATION FOR MAXIMUM SOIL PRESSURE:

Area of footing, A= L*B = 2.3 m2

1.0 m
GL 0.3 m

1.10 m

0.250 m 0.250 m

0.4 m

1.5 m

1.500 m
p min p2
p1 p max

Y
1.0 m

1.0 m 1.5 m

X X

1.5 m Y

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Total Overturning Moment, Mo = 1.55 T-m

Total Vertical Load, V = 8.68 T

About Y-Y axis:

Eccentricity of resultant vertical forces = 0.179
< B/6
Therefore Base pressure distribution is Trapezoidal

Width of footing in contact with soil = 1.500 m

At one edge Gross Max. Pressure, p max = 6.62 T/m2
< 15.88 T/m2
Hence O.K.
At one edge Gross Min. Pressure, p min' = 1.10 T/m2
Pressure at pedestal face, p1 = 5.70 T/m2
Pressure at pedestal face, p2 = 2.02 T/m2
Factored moment on footing at the face of pedestal, Mu = 0.30 T-m per m
Mu = 0.138*fck*b*d^2
Effective depth required, d reqd. = 29.49 mm
< 345 mm
Hence O.K.

About X-X axis:

Eccentricity of resultant vertical forces = 0.179
< B/6
Therefore Base pressure distribution is Trapezoidal

Width of footing in contact with soil = 1.500 m

At one edge Gross Max. Pressure, p max = 6.62 T/m2
< 15.88 T/m2
Hence O.K.
At one edge Gross Min. Pressure, p min' = 1.10 T/m2
Pressure at pedestal face, p1 = 5.70 T/m2
Pressure at pedestal face, p2 = 2.02 T/m2
Factored moment on footing at the face of pedestal, Mu = 0.30 T-m per m
Mu = 0.138*fck*b*d^2
Effective depth required, d reqd. = 29.49 mm
< 335 mm
Hence O.K.

Design of bottom bar in base:

About Y-Y axis:
Factored moment on footing at the face of pedestal, Mu = 0.30 T-m per m
(Tension at bottom)
Mu/bd^2 = 0.025
From Table 3 of SP- 16, pt reqd. = 0.200%
Provide 10 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c along x-x axis at bottom
pt provided = 0.250%
> 0.200%
Hence O.K.
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About X-X axis:

Factored moment on footing at the face of pedestal, Mu = 0.30 T-m per m
(Tension at bottom)
Mu/bd^2 = 0.027
From Table 3 of SP- 16, pt reqd. = 0.200%
Provide 10 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c along y-y axis at bottom
pt provided = 0.258%
> 0.200%
Hence O.K.

Design of top bar in base:

About Y-Y axis:
At one edge Gross Min. Pressure, p min = 1.0991 T/m2
Factored moment on footing at the face of pedestal, Mu = 0.00 T-m per m
(Tension at top)
Mu/bd^2 = 0.000
From Table 3 of SP- 16, pt reqd. = 0.120%
Provide 10 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c along x-x axis at top
pt provided = 0.250%
> 0.120%
Hence O.K.
About X-X axis:
At one edge Gross Min. Pressure, p min = 1.0991 T/m2
Factored moment on footing at the face of pedestal, Mu = 0.00 T-m per m
(Tension at top)
Mu/bd^2 = 0.000
From Table 3 of SP- 16, pt reqd. = 0.120%
Provide 10 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c along y-y axis at top
pt provided = 0.258%
> 0.120%
Hence O.K.

CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR:

(Ref: Cl.40.4 of IS: 456- 2000)
Critical section is at a distance 'd' from the face of pedestal
About Y-Y axis:
Factored Shear force, Vu1 -= 0.97 T per m
Effective depth at critical section, d = 345 mm
Nominal Shear stress, v1= Vu1/bd -= 0.028 N/mm2
Percent of tensile steel, pt provided = 0.250%
Design Shear Strength of M25 concrete = c = 0.640 N/mm2
(Ref: Table 19 of IS: 456- 2000) > - 0.028 N/mm2
Hence O.K.
Maximum Shear Strength,c max (Ref: Table 20 of IS: 456- 2000) = 3.1 N/mm2
Design Shear Strength of M25 concrete = c = 0.640 N/mm2
< 3.1 N/mm2
Hence O.K.

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About X-X axis:

Factored Shear force, Vu1 -= 0.86 T per m
Effective depth at critical section, d = 335 mm
Nominal Shear stress, v1= Vu1/bd -= 0.026 N/mm2
Percent of tensile steel, pt provided = 0.258%
Design Shear Strength of M25 concrete = c = 0.640 N/mm2
(Ref: Table 19 of IS: 456- 2000) > - 0.026 N/mm2
Hence O.K.
Maximum Shear Strength,c max (Ref: Table 20 of IS: 456- 2000) = 3.1 N/mm2
Design Shear Strength of M concrete = c = 0.640 N/mm2
< 3.1 N/mm2
Hence O.K.

CHECK FOR PUNCHING SHEAR:

(Ref: Cl.31.6.3 of IS: 456- 2000)
Critical section is at a distance 'd/2' from the periphery of pedestal
Factored Shear force, Vu2 = 4.28 T
Nominal Shear stress, v2= Vu2/bod = 0.023 N/mm2
ks= (0.5+c) = 1.00
c=Length of shorter side of pedestal/Length of longer side of pedestal = 1.00
c= 0.25*Sqrt(fck) = 1.25
Design Shear Strength of M25 concrete = c' = ks*c = 1.25 N/mm2
> 0.023 N/mm2
Hence O.K.

DESIGN FOR PEDESTAL:

Sectional Moment of Inertia of pedestal= Ip= Lp*Bp^3/12 = 0.083 m4
ymax= Lp/2 = 0.500 m
Section Modulus of pedestal= zp= Ip/ymax = 0.167 m3
Cross Sectional Area of pedestal= Ap= Lp*Bp = 1.00 m2
Axial force, Fpy= Fy+ s/w of pedestal = 3.454 T
Moment at pedestal bottom, Mp= Mz+Fx*(h+h1-D) = 1.459 T-m
Maximum stress in pedestal, p max1= Fpy/Ap + Mp/zp = 12.210 T/m2 (Comp)
Minimum stress in pedestal, p min1= Fpy/Ap - Mp/zp -= 5.301 T/m2 (Ten)

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Fpy
Mp

p max1

p min1

b1 b2

Tension Zone Compression Zone

b1= Lp* p max1/ (p max1+ p min1) = 0.697 m

b2= Lp-b1 = 0.303 m

Design for pedestal Reinforcement:

Check for tension:
Sectional Area of pedestal in tension zone= At= b1/Lp*Ap = 0.697 m2
Total tension force, T= 0.5*At*p max1= = 4.257 T
= 42566.28 N
Considering Tensile Strength of steel, t = 361 N/mm2
Area of steel required, Ast= T/t = 117.90 mm2
Provide 14 nos. 12 mm dia bars
Total Area provided in tension zone, Ast provided = 791.68 mm2
> 117.90 mm2
Hence O.K.
Total Area of reinforcement provided, Ast provided = 1583.36 mm2
Minimum Area of reinforcement required = 15% of area of pedestal = 1500.00 mm2
(Ref: Cl.26.5.3.1 (h) of IS: 456- 2000) Hence O.K.
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Check for compression:

Sectional Area of pedestal in compression zone= Ac= b2/Lp*Ap = 0.303 m2
Total compression force, C= 0.5*Ac*p min1= = 0.802 T
= 8024.30 N
Compressive force is to be taken by the concrete itself alone in the compression zone.
Compressive force that can be taken by the concrete itself alone in the compression zone=
0.4*fck*Ac = 3027379.51 N
> 8024.30 N
Hence O.K.
Provide 8 mm dia bars @ 150 mm c/c as tie for pedestal reinforcement

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