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Week 13 Module
Week 13 Module
LEARNING MODULE
COMPILED BY:
Leonilyn Pacite
2021
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
1
VISION
The Technological University of the Philippines shall be the premier state university
with recognized excellence in engineering and technology at par with leading universities in
the ASEAN region.
MISSION
The University shall provide higher and advanced vocational, technical, industrial,
technological and professional education and training in industries and technology, and in
practical arts leading to certificates, diplomas and degrees.
It shall provide progressive leadership in applied research, developmental studies in
technical, industrial, and technological fields and production using indigenous materials; effect
technology transfer in the countryside; and assist in the development of s mall-and-medium
scale industries in identified growth center. (Reference: P.D. No. 1518, Section 2)
QUALITY POLICY
The Technological University of the Philippines shall commit to provide quality higher
and advanced technological education; conduct relevant research and extension projects;
continually improve its value to customers through enhancement of personnel competence and
effective quality management system compliant to statutory and regulatory requirements; and
adhere to its core values.
CORE VALUES
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Numbers
TUP Vision, Mission, Quality Policy, and Core Values………………………1
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………..2
Course Description………………………………………………………. 3
Course Outcomes…………………………………………………………
General Guidelines/Class Rules……………………………………………
Grading System……………………………………………………………4
Learning Guide (Week No. 13) …………………………………………….5
Topic/s………………………………………………………………
Learning Outcomes…………………………………………………
Content/Technical Information………………………………………
Progress Check…… ……………………………………………….16
References…………………………………………………………17
List of References………………………………………………
About the Author/s……………………………………………………………..
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
3
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This course subject deals with the study on the Thyristor, characteristic of silicon
rectifier.
COURSE OUTCOMES
1. Students are expected to comply strictly with the university rule on dress code.
2. Make up exam and quizzes will be given only with prior approval of instructor
and under exceptional circumstances. For excused absence during the exam the
university policies will be followed.
3. Students are not allowed to leave the classroom once the class has started unless
extremely necessary student who leave the classroom without may valid reason
will be marked absent.
4. Homework or Project submitted later than the prescribe date will not anymore
be accepted.
GRADING SYSTEM
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
4
LEARNING GUIDE
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. To know how to determine the circuit application of silicon control rectifier, Diac and
Triac.
2. To know how to analyze the circuit problem .
CONTENT/TECHNICAL INFORMATION
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
5
The 4 layer diode also known as Shockley diode- is a type of thyristor which is
a class of devices constructed of 4 semi conductor layer. The basic construction of 4 layer
diode shown below.
Represent that the collector of the 1st configuration of transistor act as a base for the 2nd one
similarly the collector of 2nd configuration of thyristor function as the base for the 1st one
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
6
Operation:
When the anode terminal of the device is connected to the positive terminal of
battery and cathode form a connection with the negative terminal of the battery due to this
junction 1 and junction 2 become forward biased but at the same time. This forward
connection makes the junction 2 reversed biased. The figure below represent this forward
connection.
Due to forward biasing junction 1+2 allow the movement carriers. But the
intermediate junction (J2) because of reverse potential generate wide deplection region and
block the flow of majority carrier through it. However the very small leakage current due to
the movement of minority carrier flow through the device. This current is not enough to drive
the circuit. So despite providing forward voltage the device does not conduct.
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
7
This cause the J1+J3 get reverse biased but at the same time due to supply. The
junction (J2) come to forward biased condition. So the reverse biased junction J1+J3 does not
allow to flow of current to take place. Leakage current flow through the device this state of
device is known as the reverse blocking move or off state. The actual operating mode of
thyristor arises when an external gate pulse is provided. The sufficient positive voltage is
provided to anode and gate with reference to the cathode.
The upper PNP layer form Q1, and the lower NPN layer form Q2 with the 2
middle layer shared by both equivalent transistor. Notice that the base emitter junction pf Q1
corresponds to PN junction. The base emitter junction of Q2 corresponds to PN junction 3
and the base collector junction of both Q1 & Q2 correspond to PN junction 2.
Which a positive bias voltage applied to the anode with respect to the cathode is shown.
The base emitter junction of Q1+Q2 in figure 11-29 (PN Junction 1+3 are forward biased and
the common base collector junction (PN Junction 2)
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
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At low bias level there is very little anode current and thus it is in the off state
or forward blocking region.
Where:
VBR( r ) – Reverse breakdown voltage
VBR( f ) – Forward breakdown voltage
IL ( f ) – Forward leakage current
IL( r ) – Reverse leakage current
I (H) – Holding current
I (L)- Latching current
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
9
Forward breakdown voltage – the operation of the 4 layer diode may seem unusual
when it is formed biased it can act essentially as an open switch there is a region of forward
bias called the forward blocking region. Forward blocking region exist from VAK-OK up to
a value of VAK called forward breakdown voltage (VBR (f) ).
When the anode current drop back below the holding value. I(h) device is turn off.
Holding current (Ih) – once the 4 layer diode is conducting ( in the state) it will continue to
conduct until the anode current is reduced below the specified level called holding current
(Ih)
Switching current(Is) – the value of the anode current at the point where the device switch
from the forward blocking region(OH) to the forward conduction region (ON) is called the
switching current (Is) the value of current is always less than the holding current (Ih)
Ex.1.) A certain 4 layer diode is biased in the forward blocking region with an anode to
cathode voltage of 20V. Under this bias condition, the anode current is 1 micro amper.
Determine the resistance of the diode is forward blocking region.
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
10
Ex.2.) Determine the gate trigger current and anode current when the switch Si is closed
assume VAK= 0.2V, VGK= 0.7V, Ih = 5 A.
Ex.3.) Determine the value of anode current when the device is on VBR(f)= 10V assume the
forward voltage drop is 0.90.
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
11
The Diac- is a 2 terminal 4 layer semi conductor device that can conduct current in either
direction when activated.
Triac- is like a diac with a gate terminal it cam be turned on by a pulse gate current and diac
not require the breakdown voltage.
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
12
PROGRESS CHECK
3.) A 4 layer diode turn on when the anode to cathode voltage exceed
A.) 0.7v
B.) Gate voltage
C.) Forward breakdown voltage
D.) Forward blocking voltage
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.
13
8.) The specified value of holding current for an SCK means that
A.) The device will turn on when anode current exceed this value
B.) The device will turn off when anode current fall below value
C.) The device may be damage if the anode current exceed value
D.) The gate current must equal or exceed value
II-
1.)Draw the diagram /circuit equivalent of 4 transistor Q1, Q2, Q3 & Q4. Connect it to form
A.) Diac circuit
B.) Triac circuit
2.) Determine the value od RS when the device is on the forward break over voltage
produced 12.5v. The forward voltage drop is 0.83v only.
3.) What is the resistance in forward conduction region of 4 layer diode in the figure problem
#2 ?
4.) Determine the gate resistance and anode voltage of the anode current of 0.5millA and
gate current of 3.5millA when the switch 1 is momentarily closed. Assuming VAK= 0.4v,
VGA = 0.67v and Ih= 3millA .
REFERENCES
Electronic devices
Conventional current version
By: Thomas L. Floyd
Cir.TK 7870 F5 2008
This module is a property of Technological University of the Philippines Visayas and intended
for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY and is NOT FOR SALE NOR FOR REPRODUCTION.