ANALYSIS OF

STRUCTURE
 Objectives

1. To show how to determine the forces in the members of a

truss using the method of joints and the method of sections.

2. To analyze the forces acting on the members of frames and

machines composed of pin-connected members.
 Simple Trusses

Truss – is a structure composed of slender members joined

together at their end points.
 The Method of Joints

In order to analyze or design a truss, it is necessary to determine

the force in each of its members. One way to do this is to use
the method of joints. This method is based on the fact that if the
entire truss is in equilibrium, then each of its joints is also in
equilibrium. Therefore, if the free-body diagram of each joint is
drawn, the force equilibrium equations can then be used to
obtain the member forces acting on each joint. Since the
members of a plane truss are straight two-force members lying
in a single plane, each joint is subjected to a force system that is
coplanar and concurrent . As a result, only Fx = 0 and Fy = 0
need to be satisfied for equilibrium.
Problem # 1. Determine the force in SOLUTION:
each member of the truss shown in
the figure and indicate whether the
members are in tension or
compression.
Problem # 1. Determine the force in SOLUTION:
Joint B ΣFx = 0 +
each member of the truss shown in
the figure and indicate whether the −F sin 45 + 500 N = 0
−0.7071 F + 500 N = 0
members are in tension or
𝐅𝐁𝐂 = 𝟕𝟎𝟕. 𝟏𝟏 𝐍 (C)
compression. 45°

𝐁𝐀 𝐁𝐂
ΣFy = 0 +

F cos 45 − F =0
Joint C
707.11 N cos 45 − F =0
𝐂𝐁
𝐅𝐁𝐀 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍 (T)

𝐂𝐀
ΣFy = 0 +

−F sin 45+ F =0
𝐂𝐲
−707.11 N sin 45 + F =0
ΣFx = 0 +
𝐅𝐂𝐲 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍
F cos 45 −F =0
707.11 N cos 45 −F =0

𝐅𝐂𝐀 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍 (T)

 500 N
Joint A
500 N 707.11 N

𝐀𝐁

Tension
𝐀𝐂
𝐀𝐱

𝐀𝐲

ΣFx = 0 + 500 N 707.11 N

500 N 500 N
F −F =0 500 N
500 N − F =0 Tension
500 N 500 N
𝐅 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍

ΣFy = 0 +
F −F =0
500 N − F =0

𝐅𝐀𝐲 = 𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐍
Problem # 2. Find the force acting in all members of the truss shown in
the figure.

R = 80 kN

R = 3.33 kN
R = 53.33 kN

= + = +

R (3m) −50 kN (1m) +80 kN (0.75m) = 0 −R (3m) + 50 kN (2m) +80 kN (0.75m) = 0

R (3m) −50 kN m + 60 kN m = 0 −R (3m)+100 kN m + 60 kN m = 0

𝐑 𝐀𝐲 = −𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐍 𝐑 𝐃 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐍

ΣFx = 0 +

R + 80 kN = 0
𝐑 𝐀𝐱 = −𝟖𝟎 𝐤𝐍
 Joint B
F ΣFy = 0 +

F
0.75 m
− (5.55 kN) + F =0
=5.55 kN 1.25 m
F
𝐅𝐁𝐅 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐍 (C)

ΣFx = 0 +
Joint A 1m
F − (5.55 kN) + F =0
1.25 m
R = 80 kN 0.75
A
F 𝐅𝐁𝐂 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝐤𝐍 (T)
1

R = 3.33 kN Joint F
F = 3.33 kN ΣFy = 0 +
ΣFy = 0 + F 0.75 m
F − 3.33 kN = 0
0.75 m 1.25 m
F −3.33 kN = 0 F
1.25 m 𝐅𝐅𝐂 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟓 𝐤𝐍 (T)
F = 75.56 kN
𝐅𝐀𝐁 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟓 𝐤𝐍 (T)
ΣFx = 0 +
ΣFx = 0 +
1m
1m (5.55 kN) − 75.56 kN + F =0
F 1.25 m
+ F − 80 kN = 0
1.25 m
0.8 (5.55 kN) + F − 80 kN = 0 𝐅𝐅𝐄 = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟏𝟐 𝐤𝐍 (T)

𝐅𝐀𝐅 = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟓𝟔 𝐤𝐍 (T)

 Joint C

F = 4.44 kN C
𝟖𝟎 𝐤𝐍

F = 5.55 kN F

F = 5.55 Kn (T) Joint E F = 50 kN

F = 75.56 kN (T) F
F = 3. 33 kN (C)
F = 4.44 kN (T) ΣFx = 0 +
F = 5.55 kN (T) 1m 1m
F = 71.12 kN (T) F − 4.44 kN − (5.55 kN) − F
1.25 m 1.25 m
F = 71.12 kN + 80 kN = 0

50 kN
𝐅𝐂𝐃 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟗 𝐤𝐍 (C)
ΣFx = 0 + ΣFy = 0 +
− 71.12 kN + F =0 F − 50 kN = 0

𝐅𝐄𝐃 = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟏𝟐 𝐤𝐍 (T) 𝐅𝐄𝐂 = 𝟓𝟎 𝐤𝐍 (T)

 Joint D

F = 88.9 kN 4.44 kN

3.33 kN

50 kN
D

F = 71.12 kN 75.56 kN

F = 71.12 kN F = 71.12 kN

R = 53.33 kN

ΣFx = 0 +
1m
− 71.12 kN + 1.25 m (88.9 kN) = 0
F = 5.55 kN (T)
71.12 = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟏𝟐 F = 75.56 kN (T)
F = 3. 33 kN (C)
F = 4.44 kN (T)
ΣFy = 0 + F = 5.55 kN (T)
F = 71.12 kN (T)
0.75 m
53.33 kN − (88.9 kN) = 0 F = 71.12 kN (T)
1.25 m F = 50 kN (T)
F = 88.9 kN (C)
53.33 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟑𝟒