#1. In creative writing, you will be making a lot of descriptions.

Descriptive details are necessary

to make your writing clear because they help generate a specific mood or emotion. They are called
images and sensory impressions. We commonly know these as imagery. Imagery is a form of
figurative/implied language that uses objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to the
senses. It is usually associated with mental pictures or images formed in our minds. The types of
imagery are visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile. It is important to use imagery to evoke
moods/emotions through imagination. This can be established with images and sensory impressions.

There are five (5) basic types of imageries: Visual, Auditory, Olfactory, Gustatory, and Tactile.
Other references include kinesthetic and thermal; this module will target only the basic ones.

 Visual Imagery appeals to the sense of sight. It is something that is concrete and can be seen.
Example: It was dark and dim in the forest.

• Auditory Imagery appeals to the sense of hearing. It is something that you can hear through
your mind’s ears. Example: The pattering of the rain is heard against the windowpane.

• Olfactory Imagery appeals to the sense of smell. It is something that you can smell through
your mind’s nose. Example: The stench of body odor in a crowded LRT seeped through the fabric of my
shirt.

• Gustatory Imagery appeals to the sense of taste. It is something that you can taste through
your mind’s tongue. Example: Mouth-watering ripe mangoes, tender melons, and luscious cherries are
served on a tray.

• Tactile Imagery appeals to the sense of touch. It is something that you can touch through your
mind’s skin. Example: The soft velvety feel of silk and satin caressed my skin.

#2. Language learning has always been challenging. Aside from getting to express what you truly
mean; the words may not be too literal, and meanings may vary depending on how they are taken in
conversations and/or other exchanges.

Figures of speech enhance the author's creation. This is true of any genre and any form of
writing. The effective use of figures of speech brings to life what would have been mere words, phrases,
and sentences. They express the author's intent and take the reader on a journey through what he or
she experienced imagined or witnessed at a specific period or periods in time. It brings beauty,
emphasis, and clarity to what could have been just a mundane and impoverished rendition. They are the
palette from which the author works, and he or she might choose to enhance his or her creation by
applying the appropriate "colors" as it were, in his or her writing. A dab of metaphor here, a stroke of
personification there, what about a dramatic slash of simile or onomatopoeia there? All of these add
flavor to writing and make the experience of reading is so much more enjoyable. We can feel what the
author felt, we can see what he or she has seen, we empathize with him or her, and experience his or
 her joy, frustration, pain and anger because we are effectively guided through the experience by
figures of speech - they are our map, our guide to better understand and appreciate what the author has
so unselfishly shared with us.
The table shows some examples of figures of speech, its definitions and examples:
Figure of Speech Definition
Simile A simile is a figure of speech in
which two things are directly
compared. We use the word like
or as to make the comparison.
Metaphor Like similes, metaphors make
comparisons between two
dissimilar things, but they do so
indirectly without comparative
terms like ''like'' or ''as.''
Alliteration A figure of speech in which two
usually consecutive words begin
with the same consonant sound
but not always the same letter.
The words do not always have
to be right next to each other,
but when you say or read them,
the sound is repeated.
Personification Personification is giving human
qualities to something that may
not be human, or even alive.
Oxymoron An oxymoron brings two
conflicting ideas together. We
use them to draw attention
from the reader/listener.
Two words with apparently
contradictory meanings are
combined to form a new word
that is more in conjunction.
Hyperbole Hyperbole means using
exaggerated statements for
Example
as dark as the night
as cool as a cucumber
fought like cats and dogs
She is now in the sunset of her
days.
She is a star in our family.
Peter Piper picked a peck of
pickled peppers.
She sells sea shells on the sea
shore.
Becky’s beagle barked and
bayed, which bothered Billy.
The flowers nodded their heads
cheerfully.
laughing flowers
howling wind smiling sun
opportunity knocking at the
door
shoe bite
alone together
deafening silence
bittersweet
living dead
I have told you a million times
not to get your shoes dirty.
 effect. The media and politicians
often use hyperbole to make
their articles or speeches more
attention-grabbing or seem
more important, bigger, better,
and more interesting.
Euphemism A euphemism is an indirect or
innocuous word or phrase used
instead of something
considered unpleasant, harsh or
sensitive, or embarrassing. It is
often intended to amuse or
downplay something that the
speaker deems offensive or
upsetting somehow. They may
be used to cover profanity or
sensitive subjects such as
gender, disability, and death in a
polite manner.
Litotes Litotes is an understatement,
usually involving a hint of irony.
Instead of saying something
simple or obvious, a phrase
contrary to the truth is used.
Pun Pun is a play on words as it is
usually a jokey way of exploiting
the fact that some words sound
alike or have more than one
meaning or spelling. They rely
heavily on homophones and
homonyms to work.
Jake’s mum always cooks
enough food to feed an army.
What have you got in this
suitcase; it weighs a ton?
Friendly fire (attack from allied
forces)
He is telling us a tall story (a lie)
Senior citizen (old person)
Staff restructure (making people
redundant)
t’s hardly rocket science is it?
(often said when a task is very
simple)
The weather isn’t so good
today. (Said during a
thunderstorm)
She’s no spring chicken.
(meaning someone is not
young)
He’s not exactly a beggar. (He’s
financially solvent)
The chicken farmer's favorite
car is a coupe.
He’s been to see his dentist so
many times now that he knows
the drill.
I’ve forgotten where my wife
said we were going, don’t
worry, Alaska.