PATHFIT 1
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
Physical Education - integral part of the
educational program designed to promote
the optimum development
LEGAL BASES OF TEACHING PHYSICAL
EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
REPUBLIC ACT No. 5708 - An Act Proving for
the Promotions and Financing of an
Integrated
Physical Education and Sports Development
Program for the Schools in the Philippines
Section 1 This Act shall be known as the “The
Schools Physical Education and Sports
Development Act of 1969”.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION PERFORMS THREE
FUNCTIONS:
OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
1. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
- The development and maintenance of
physical fitness and acquisitions of
games, dance and sports skills that
will help enhance the quality growth
of each learner.
2. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
- The acquisitions and practice of
desirable social traits such as
cooperation, sportsmanship, and
respect for the rights of others
necessary for the adjustments to
happy social living. Some worthwhile
traits are:
Friendliness
Cooperation
Respect for the rights of others
Good sportsmanship
Good leadership and
followership
Honesty in group competition
3. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
- The development of self-confidence,
personal discipline, courage and other
traits needed for emotional mastery.
Examples of worthwhile emotional
traits are:
Self-confidence
Self-control
Self-reliance
Courage
Determination
Personal discipline
4. MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
- The development of mental capacities
as he learns the mechanical principles
of underlying movements, as he
obtains knowledge and understanding
of the rules and strategies of games
and sports, and as he discovers ways
of improving his movement in
gymnastics and dance.
5. MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
- Developing knowledge and
understanding of what happens to
our bodies when we exercise through
dance and gymnastics children can be
creative and express their feelings
and emotions through performance.
They are given time to reflect on their
own and others performance.
PURPOSE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
1. To develop optimum physical
fitness and health of the individual
so that he is capable of living the
“good life” and contributing his
 maximum capacity to the
attainment of the goals of the “New
Society”;
2. To produce individuals who can
contribute to the economic well-
being through:
a. the improvement of proper work
habits and work attitudes such as
punctuality, cooperation, reliability,
precision and accuracy, and open-
mindedness; and
b. proper emphasis on problem-
solving skills such that an individual can
identify a problem correctly and master
the skills necessary or useful in the
business world;
3. To train good leaders with moral
integrity of the highest order, and
develop other desirable traits
necessary for effective group
participation or group living
essential to the New Society
through;
a. an adequate system of values by
equipping the individual to be able to
make moral choices or decisions needed
in daily living; and
b. offering group participation in such
experiences as intramural, play days or
sports fests;
4. To develop creativity and
innovativeness inspired by an
abiding faith in God and love of
country and fellowmen; and
5. To instill a love of and pride for
their preservation, and develop an
understanding of the culture of
other for a feeling of international
brotherhood and unity.
PHYSICAL FITNESS
- one symbol that will represent the
purpose of Physical Education.
- the ability to live a healthy, satisfying,
and useful life. This type of life is what
educational philosophers and thinkers
term the “good life”. This is the
ultimate goal of education.
PHYSICAL FITNESS
- The ability and capacity to perform
one’s daily task efficiently and
effectively with alertness and vigor
without undue fatigue, reduce of
health problems with extra energy in
case of emergency.
- The capability of the body system in
carrying out their daily activities
satisfactorily and has still enough
energy to enjoy leisure and to meet
unforeseen emergencies.
COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
1. Health Related
a. Cardiovascular Endurance
- the ability of the heart, blood vessels
and the lungs to adapt to physical
exertion for a prolonged duration.
b. Muscular Strength
- the ability of the muscles or muscle
group to exert maximum effort in
brief duration.
Two types of contractions
1. Concentric Contraction- refers to
the muscles that shorten during
exercise.
2. Eccentric Contraction- refers to
the muscle that lengthens during an
exercise.
Isokinetic Contractions - The muscles are
exposed to fixed machines with variable
degrees of resistance. Through the range of
movement, resistance is equal to the force
applied.
c. Muscular Endurance
- The ability of the muscle or group of
muscle to exert repeated muscular
contractions against a resistance for
an extended period of time.
d. Joint Flexibility
- is the ability of the joints to move
throughout the full range of motion.
Flexibility is influenced by three factors:
1.Structure of the joints;
2.Amount of tissues surrounding the joint;
3. Extensibility of the ligaments, tendons and
muscle tissue that connects the joints.
e. Body Composition
- is the relationship between fat tissue
and lean body tissues such as muscle,
bone, blood, skin, and organs.
- It refers to the relative percentage of
the lean body weight (mass) and body
fat (adipose tissue).
2. Skill Related Components
a. Agility
- the ability to change position or
direction with quickness and lightness
of movement.
b. Balance
- the ability to organic equipment
neuromuscular.
- it is a state of equilibrium.
Static Balance- is the ability to
maintain equilibrium in a fixed position
Dynamic Balance - while moving or
engaging in action
Rotational Balance- which the ability
to maintain or regain balance after
turning, rolling, or other maneuvers while
not in contact with the floor or apparatus.
c. Coordination
- refers to the harmonious functioning
of muscles in producing complex
movements.
d. Power
- refers to muscular power that is the
ability to release maximum force in
the shortest possible period.
e. Speed
- the ability to successive movements
of the same kind in the shortest
period.
f. Reaction Time
- refers to the interval of time between
the signal to respond (stimulus) and
the beginning of response.
OBJECTIVES OF A PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTING
PROGRAM
● Determine the general fitness level of
an individual.
● Measure and evaluate selected
components of physical fitness, i.e.
strength, cardio-respiratory
endurance, muscle strength
endurance and joint flexibility.
● Help in evaluation of existing physical
education program in the light of test
results in order to achieve higher level
of fitness.
BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
1. Vitality - muscles are basic for all body
actions. They increase in strength with
activity and deteriorate with lack of it. Fit
muscles use less energy to perform same
tasks, leading to increase in vitality.
2. Posture - A physically fit person is able to
maintain his general posture alignment
better than one with weak musculature.
3. Relieves Low-Back Pain - A lack of CAUSES OF PHYSICAL UNFITNESS
physical activity has been found to be
major cause for some cases obtain in the  Lack of the right kind of exercise.
lower back.  Improper living conditions including
4. Retards Ageing Process - Continued health habits.
participation in regular exercise of the  Nutritional deficiencies, especially
proper amount and severity is under nourishment malnutrition, and
considerable value in postponing in obesity.
deterioration that usually takes place as a Emotional disturbances
person grow old.
5. Physical Fitness and Ability to Meet
Emergencies - The body that is
accustomed sedentary living habits ban
usually operates ineffectively even though
it is operating at near maximum effort.
6. Neuromuscular Skill - The smooth
efficient coordination of muscular system
is improved as result of regular
participation in physical activities.
7. Relaxation - Overactive minds in
underactive bodies often needs physical
outlets for accumulated emotional and
muscular tensions that seems to be
relieve by action of skeletal muscles.
8. Improvement of Personality and Social
Skills - Participation in games and sports
in improving the personality and in
developing the desirable social traits.
9. Mental Fitness - Because of the mental
and physical relaxation that often results
from physical activity, regular exercise are
thought to many to be of considerable
values in aiding the mental processes to
function by many with increased
efficiency.
10. General Health - The physically fit person
usually possesses a high degree of general
resistance, which enables him to
successfully avoid minor illness.

THE GENERAL FITNESS TEST

The physical fitness is but one part of the total

fitness that includes mental, emotional, and
social aspects of total well-being.
Physical fitness is the result of the
following factors:
 Good medical and dental care
 Proper nutrition
 Adequate rest and relaxation
 Regular physical activity