Contract No.

RENTAL OF GAS PROCESSING FACILITY 45 MMSCFD

PFE/PGE/2023/019
REV. STATUS
PROCESS REPORT
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Site Visit Report for Civil Work Purposes

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PPD-WCP PGE
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PREP CHK’D APV’D APV’D APV’D

A 03 Aug
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 Contract No.
RENTAL OF GAS PROCESSING FACILITY 45 MMSCFD
S143-208-PGE
REV. STATUS
PROCESS
0

REVISION HISTORY

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No part may be reproduced or used without the written permission of Pema Global Energi
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION........................................................................................................4
2 • Shoulder slope (transversal) : 5%...........................................................70
1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
PT. PEMA Global Energi (hereinafter referred to as “COMPANY”) intends to rent Gas Processing
Facility to be installed at Cluster IV and Cluster III area or other area that determined by
COMPANY including its operation and maintenance, in order to substitute function of treating unit
in Point B with regard to maintain the gas production from Arun and SLS fields, with total of gas
capacity of 45 MMSCFD. Rental period for Gas Processing Facility is for Sixty (60) months of
continues operation with requirement equipment’s availability minimum 95%.
1.1 Objectives
The objective of this document is to provide design criteria & specifications for civil and structure
works of the described project above.
1.2 Referenced Documents
This document refers to:
ASTM D-1241-07 – Standard Specification for Materials for Soil-Aggregate Subbase, Base, and
Surface Courses
ACI 318-2019 - Building Code Requirement for Structural Concrete
AISC 360-2016 - Specification for Structural Steel Building
AISC 15th 2017 - Steel Construction Manual
ASCE - 7/2016 - Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structure

INDONESIAN CODES AND STANDARDS

SNI 1726-2019 - Tata Cara Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa untuk Bangunan Gedung
SNI 2847-2019 - Persyaratan Beton Struktural untuk Bangunan Gedung
SNI-1727-2020 - Beban Minimum untuk Perancangan Bangunan Gedung dan Struktur Lain
Site Conditions

2 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE
The design will comply with all relevant COMPANY related document, COMPANY engineering
standards, Project specification, international code and standards etc. as applicable to the
respective equipment.
In the event of any conflict or contradiction between the technical standards and procedures the
order of priority of the documents will be as follows:
1. Indonesian Government regulations, Standards, laws and decrees
2. Project document, Specification and Procedure.
3. International Codes and Standards

The information given in this document shall be used in conjunction with all the other listed
standards. Indonesia standards and statutory regulation shall apply if more onerous than the
others.
When there are conflicts between the above documents, the most conservative and/or safest
requirements applicable to the project will prevail to the extent of the inconsistency, conflict or
discrepancy subject to approval by COMPANY.

4. DIMENSION, COORDINATES, ELEVATION, AND OTHER'S UNIT

Expression of dimension, coordinates, and elevation shall be as follow: DIMENSION: All
dimensions shall be expressed in millimeters, unless otherwise noted
COORDINATES: All coordinates shall be expressed in meters
ELEVATIONS: All elevations shall be expressed in meters
OTHER: All other's item shall be expressed in SI Unit unless otherwise noted

5. DESIGN CONDITION
5.1. SITE CONDITION
Project site is located in Cluster IV Area and near Cluster III Area of PT Pema Global Energi (PT
PGE), Lockton, North Aceh. The project site is mostly surrounded by grassy open space.
The site location is quite flat except for new flare location. The followings are finish ground level
(FGL) + 0.000 equivalencies of each existing facilities:
Table 5-1 Finish ground level (FGL) + 0.000

Elevation equal to FGL + Remark

Cluster IV +1.00 from existing highest

pavement point
Cluster III +1.00 from existing highest
pavement point

5.2. WIND SPEED

Wind speed is required for wind load calculation. Wind load shall be determined in accordance with
ASCE 7-16 chapter 26, 27, and 29. The basic wind speed (Wv) is defined here in accordance with ASCE
7-16 as three-second gust speed at 10 m above the ground in exposure C. The basic wind speed to be
used in the design is 40 m/s. Unless otherwise specified, Exposure category C shall be used
to determined wind load for all equipment, buildings and structures within plant and other areas.

5.3. GEOTECHNICAL CONDITION

The geotechnical condition of the project site is described in the soil investigation report listed in section
2.3. The subsoil comprises generally clays with increasing strength along the depth. Allowable soil
bearing capacity for shallow foundation shall be used and allowable pile capacity using bored pile with
specified diameter and pile embedment length shall refer to section 10.1.

5.4. SEISMIC CONDITION

Seismic zone map of the project site refers to SNI-1726-2019 "Tata Cara Perencanaan
Ketahanan Gempa untuk Struktur Bangunan Gedung Non Gedung" issued by Badan Standardizes
Nasional and Desain Spectra Indonesia Website http://rsa.ciptakarya.pu.go.id/2021/. The project site is
located on seismic zone with maximum peak ground acceleration of 0.3865 with soil type of Soft Soil
(SE).
Figure 5-1 Seismic zone map of Indonesia
Figure 5-2 Peak ground acceleration for the project site

6. MAJOR MATERIAL
2.1. CONCRETE
2.1.1. Cement, Aggregate, and Mixing Water
• Cement shall conform to SNI 15-2049-2004, ASTM C150 or equivalent.
• Type I cement (Standard Portland Cement) shall be used for any above ground concrete
structures, pile cap, grade beam, and shallow foundation.
• Type II cement (Moderate Sulfate Resistant Cement) shall be used and applied for
pre-stressed concrete piles, bored pile, any underground structures and pits containing sulfur or
any chemical mixture containing sulfur
0.1 to 0.2%.
• Type V cement (High Sulfate Resistant Cement) shall be used and applied for pre-stressed
concrete piles, bored pile, any underground structures and pits containing sulfur or any chemical mixture
containing sulfur more than 0.2%.
• Aggregate shall conform to ASTM C 33 or equivalent. Alternative standard might be applied
on case-by-case basis subject to prior approval by COMPANY. Nominal maximum size of
aggregate shall be 20 mm for general use and 10 mm for fireproofing use.
• Mixing water used in concrete and grout shall comply with requirement of ASTM C160 and shall
be (potable) clean and free from injurious amounts of oils, acids, sulfate and alkalis, organic and other
deleterious material.
• Concrete shall be cured in accordance with ACI 318-19.

2.1.2. Reinforcing Steel Bar

• Deformed bar shall conform to Deformed bar ASTM A615/A615M Gr. 60, SNI 2052:2017, Grade Butts
420A/420B.
• Plain bar shall conform to Plain round bar ASTM A615/A615M Gr. 40, SNI 2052:2017, Grade But 280
Min 280 MPa.

2.1.3. Welded Wire Bar

Welded wire bar shall conform to ASTM A185, JIS G 3551 or equivalent.

2.1.4. Anchor Bolt

Anchor Bolt shall conform to ASTM A307 grade C, or JIS G 3101 Gr SS400 or equivalent shall be Hot
Dip Galvanized.
2.1.5. Grouting
Non-shrink non-staining grout, minimum compressive strength of grout at 7 days shall be 48 MPa for
flowable (easier to flow) and 60 MPa for trowel able (easier to surfaced finish using trowel tools).
Epoxy Grout with minimum strength 85 MPa shall be used under all bases of reciprocating equipment
and anchor holes for centrifugal compressors, turbine, fan, pumps, etc. and their drivers over 500 hp of
capacity.
Cement mortar shall be used for miscellaneous contains of non-structural items like ladder and stair for
instrument and electrical support.
Minimum thickness of grouting shall be 25 mm and maximum of 75 mm.

2.2. PILE
2.2.1. Precast Prestressed Concrete Spun Pile
Precast prestressed concrete spun pile shall conform to JIS A5335 or equivalent.

2.2.2. Concrete Bored Pile

Concrete bored pile shall conform to ACI-318 with fc’ = 28 MPa. Reinforcement bar of bored pile shall
conform to SNI 2052:2017 Grade Butts 420A/420B or ASTM A615 Grade 60 for main rebar and ASTM
A615/A615M Gr. 40, SNI 2052:2017, Grade But 280 Min 280 MPa or ASTM A615 Grade 40 or for
stirrups.

2.2.3. Steel Pipe Pile

Steel pipe pile shall conform to ASTM A252 Grade 2 or JIS A 5525 SKK400 or equivalent.

2.2.4. Steel Sheet Pile

Steel sheet pile shall conform to ASTM A690, JIS A 5528 or equivalent.

2.3. STEEL
2.3.1. Structural Steel
Structural steel shall conform to ASTM A36 or JIS G 3101 Grade SS400 or equivalent.

2.3.2. High Strength Bolt

High strength bolt shall conform to ASTM A325 or equivalent.
2.3.3. Ordinary Strength Bolt
Ordinary strength bolt shall conform to ASTM A307 or JIS B 1180 grade 4.6 or equivalent.

2.3.4. Steel Pipe for Structural Use

Steel pipe for structural use shall conform to ASTM A500 grade B or ASTM A53 grade B and ASTM A501 or
JIS G 3444 STK400 or equivalent.

2.3.5. Welding Electrode

Welding electrode shall conform to AWS A5.1 E70 series or JIS Z3211 D43 series or equivalent.

2.3.6. Flooring for Platform and Walkway

1. Grating
Grating shall be serrated type with material shall conform to ASTM A36, ASTM A123 or equivalent and shall
be Hot Dip Galvanized finish type.
The bearing bars shall be 25 x 4 at 30 mm pitch and may be applied for stair and 32 x 5 at 30 mm pitch may
be applied for flooring module, platform and walkway.
The cross bars shall use twisted 6 mm square bar at 100 mm pitch.

2. Cheered Plate
Material of cheered plate shall conform to ASTM A36 or equivalent and shall be Hot Dip Galvanized. The
thickness minimum shall use 4.5 mm for flooring of platform and walkway.

2.3.7. Steel Structure Painting

All surface preparation, painting, and testing for steel structure shall conform to Steel Structures Painting
Council (SSPC) Standard SSPC - SP 06-2007 for Commercial Blast Cleaning and SSPC - PS 12.01-
2002 for One Coat Zinc Rich Painting System. Painting system and schedule for steel structures to be
detailed during EPC Stage.
2.4. EXPANSION JOINT FOR CONCRETE PAVING
• Joint filler shall be in accordance with ASTM D1751, ASTM D1752 or ASTM D994, or equivalent
• Joint Sealant shall be in accordance ASTM D1190, ASTM D1850 or equivalent

2.5. VAPOR BARRIER FOR CONCRETE PAVING

Vapor barrier shall be polyethylene sheet with minimum thickness of 0.15 mm.

2.6. WATER STOP

PVC water stop (minimum width 150 mm unless noted otherwise) and/or hydrophilic paste water stop
shall be used in any construction joint of concrete containment below highest ground water level.

2.7. GEOTECHNICAL REINFORCEMENT

The following material may be used where required:
a) HDPE sheet
b) Geo-synthetic clay liner
c) HDP geo-grid
d) Woven or non-woven geo-textile
Material specification shall be in accordance with manufacturer recommendation.
7. DESIGN LOAD
Loads and forces used for design shall be as specified below.
7.1. GENERAL
All design drawings and fabrication drawings shall be prepared using Metric units. All structural steel, bolt
holes, pipes and rolled shapes shall be called out in accordance with AISC.
Structural steel design shall be performed using AISC 15th Edition-2017 and AISC 360-2016 ASD.
Concrete design shall be performed using standard reinforcing bar sizes. Reinforcing bar
sizes shall be shown on the drawings.
Table 7-1 Load and Force Designation Symbol

No. Load and Forces Symbol

1. Dead Load D

2. Live Load L

Equipment Load

a. Empty Load E(E)

b. Operating Load

c. Test Load E(T)

3.
Pipe Load
a. Empty Load P(E)

b. Operating Load
4.
c. Test Load P(T)

Handling Device / Impact Load I

5.
6. Wind Load W

7. Earthquake / Seismic Load EQ

 No. Load and Forces Symbol

8. Vibration Load Vi

9. Thermal Force T

10. Soil Pressure SP

11. Liquid Pressure LP

12. Tube Bundle Pulling Load TB

13. Vehicle Load Vah

7.2. DEAD LOAD (D)

7.2.1. Dead Load of Equipment (Ds)
Dead loads are the weight of equipment and all materials permanently fastened there to or supported
thereby, including piping attached to equipment, fire proofing, electrical conduit and insulation. For
Building, dead loads mean the weight of structure.
Weight of tray load will be as per PIP STC01015 Structural Design Criteria. Tray load shall be a uniformly
distributed dead load of 20 post (1.0 kPa) for a single level of cable trays and 40 post (1.9 kPa) for a double
level of cable trays.

7.2.2. Dead Load of Structure Proper (Dip)

Dead loads are the self-weight of structure of foundation. Unit weights of the major construction materials
shall be in accordance with SNI 1727-2020.
List of unit weight in accordance with SNI-1727-2020: Table 7-2 List of Unit Weight

Unit Weight Unit Weight

Material (t/m )
3
(kN/m )
3

Steel 7.85 76.983

 Unit Weight Unit Weight
Material (t/m3) (kN/m3)

Cement Mortar 2.1 20.594

Reinforced Concrete 2.4 23.536

Plain Concrete 2.2 21.575

Sand (dry) 1.6 15.691

Sand (saturated) 1.8 17.652

Crushed Stone (sieved) 1.85 18.142

Ground Water 1 9.807

Asphalt 2.3 22.555

Brick 1.7 16.671

7.3. LIVE LOAD (L)

1. A live load ("L”) is any load not permanently fixed to the structures, e.g., loading caused by personnel,
furniture, tools, or traffic. Loads imposed by piping, equipment, and attachments, or lifting equipment such
as cranes, shall be considered separately and not included in live load.
2. The live load for buildings shall comply with the requirements of SNl-1727-2019 or ASCE 7-16, except
where defines otherwise in the following subsections.
3. The roof live loads for shelter and buildings with a pitched roof where only temporary access, such as
that for maintenance, is required shall be as section 4 of SNl-1727-2019.
4. The live loads for equipment supporting structures, shelter, operating stages and building shall comply
with the following values unless higher value is specified in the loading data for special maintenance
requirements.
5. Live loads shall be uniformly distributed over the specified floors as determined in the detailed design.
The following table are live load used with refer to ASCE 7-2016 Table 4.3-1:

Table 7-3 Minimum Uniform Load in Certain Structure Condition

Min. Uniform Load Min. Uniform Load

Structure Description (kg/m2) (kN/m2)

Office Floor 250 2.40

Operating Maintenance / Platform 490 4.70

Stairway, Passing way and Corridor 370 3.60

Meeting Room 250 2.40

Roof 98 0.96

Storage Warehouse 610 (light) 6.0 (light)

1220 (heavy) 11.97 (heavy)

Live Load on various types of roofs shall be as per the requirements given in SNI 1727-2013 and ASCE 7-
16.
6. Reduced design live load of area supported by member shall not be less than 0.5 for members
supporting one floor and 0.4 for members supporting two or more floors. Minimum live load shall be
accordance to Table 4.1 SNI 1727-2013 and ASCE 7-16.

7.4. EQUIPMENT LOAD (E)

The equipment load is the weight of the equipment or machinery, including appurtenances and it is
classified as an empty (erection) load, an operating load, or a testing load. When the equipment supports the
load of the piping attached to the equipment, such piping load shall be included in the equipment load
as described herein.
• The empty (erection) loads, “E(E)”, is the load imposed during an empty condition, excluding the
weight of the internals, and all the external
attachments, such as platform, ladder, and piping to be attached to the equipment or machinery, equipment
and piping insulation, and fireproofing of the equipment.
• The operating load, “E(O)”, is the load imposed during the normal operating condition. It is the "Empty
(erection) load" including the weight of internal and external attachments, such as platform, ladder, and
piping to be attached to the equipment or machinery, equipment and piping insulation, and fireproofing of the
equipment plus the weight of fluids and solids within the equipment.
• The testing loads, “E(T)”, is the load imposed during hydrostatic testing. It is the “Empty (erection)
load” including the weight of internal and external attachments, such as platform, ladder, and piping to be
attached to the equipment or machinery, equipment and piping insulation, and fireproofing of the equipment
plus the weight of water in the equipment and piping. The testing loads need be considered for future
maintenance even if equipment is hydrostatically tested only at vendor shop. Consideration need not be
taken that all of the equipment on the same structure is tested at the same test.

7.5. PIPING LOAD (P)

The piping load is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valve, insulation, and the fluid in the piping, and it is
classified either as empty piping load, operation piping load, and test piping load. The piping load shall be
assumed and calculated as the uniform load per horizontal unit area of a pipe sleeper or a pipe rack.
However, the concentrated loads of large diameter pipes and valves shall be calculated separately.
• Empty piping loads, “P(E)”, is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves, and insulation.
• Operation piping loads, “P(O)”, is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves, and insulation, and the fluid
in the piping during the normal operating conditions.
Thrust forces of high or low temperature piping shall be treated separately as thermal load specified in
another subsections
• Test piping loads, “P(T)”, is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves, and insulation, and the water
inside the pipe during hydrostatic test. For gas piping, where load may increase only during hydrostatic
testing, the test water load is imposed only on portion of the pipe where hydrostatic is carried out. When two
or more pipes are placed in parallel on the same pipe support, it shall be assumed that only one heaviest
pipe shall be tested at a time.
Minimum loading for any pipe rack shall not be less than 250 kg/m2 (2.45 kN/m2).

7.6. HANDLING DEVICE LOAD (C)

Handling device load ("C”) is the load imposed by handling devices, such as traveling cranes, hoist,
elevator, lifts, forklift and conveyors. The handling device load includes the weight of the device, the lift load,
and the impact load.
The loads and forces imposed by traveling cranes, elevators, or lift shall be determined in according to
the requirements of ASCE 7-16 and/ or CMAA #74 whichever governing.
1. Vertical Impact Force
• Crane Support: 25%
• Monorail Support (powered): 25%
• Monorail Support (power hand): 0%
2. Lateral Impact Force
• Crane Runaway
Transverse Force: 20% of lifted load
Longitudinal Force: 10% of maximum wheel load
• Monorail Support (Powered)
Transverse Force: 20% of lifted load
Longitudinal Force: 10% of maximum wheel load
The loads and forces caused by forklift and conveyors shall be calculated according to actual conditions.

7.7. WIND LOAD

Wind loads shall generally be as per ASCE 7 "Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other Structures".

7.7.1. Basic Wind Speed

The basic wind speed to be used in the design is 40 m/s. To account for the surface area of piping, platform
and other attachments fixed to the equipment, the surface area of the equipment (vessel / column) exposed
to the wind shall be increased by 20%.

7.7.2. Design Wind Pressure

Velocity Pressure up to the height of 100 m above grade is shown in below. These values are derived from:
qi = 0.613 * Kz * Kzt * Kd * Ke * Vw2
where:
qz = Velocity pressure evaluated at height z above ground (kN/m2)
Kz = Velocity pressure exposure coefficient (Table 7-4)
Kzt = Topographic factor = 1
Kd = Wind directional factor (Table 7-5)
Ke = Ground elevation factor = 1
Vw = Basic Wind Speed
Table 7-4 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients, Kz

Height Above Ground Exposure

Level, z Coefficient, Kz
(ft) (m) C

0 - 15 0 - 4.6 0.85

20 6.1 0.90

25 7.6 0.94

Height Above Ground Exposure

Level, z Coefficient, Kz
(ft) (m) C

30 9.1 0.98

40 12.2 1.04

50 15.2 1.09

60 18 1.13

70 21.3 1.17

80 24.4 1.21

90 27.4 1.24

100 30.5 1.26

Table 7-5 Wind Directionality Factor, Kd (ASCE 7-16 Table 26.6-)

7.7.3. Wind Force

Design wind pressure for main wind force for buildings and any other structures shall be determined by the
following equation:
p = qz * G * Cp where:
qz = velocity pressure (kN/m2)
G = Gust effect factor = 0.85
Cp = Pressure coefficient (refer to ASCE 7-16 Figure 27.3.1)
Figure 7-1 Structures wind load direction with pressure coefficient, Cp (ASCE 7-16 Figure
27.3.1)
Table 7-6 Pressure coefficient, Cp, for structure surfaces in any wind direction (ASCE 7-
16 Figure 27.3.1)

7.8. EARTHQUAKE LOAD

All plant equipment and structures shall be designed for earthquake forces in accordance with SNl-1726-
2019 "Tata Cara Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa untuk Struktur Bangunan Gedung dan Non
Gedung".
The total equivalent lateral force shall be calculated by the following formula: V = Cs * Wt.
where:
Cs = the seismic response coefficient
Wt. = the effective seismic weight
The seismic response coefficient,
Cs, shall be determined by the following formula:
Cs = SDS / (R/le)
where:
SDS = the design spectral response acceleration parameter in the short period
R = the response modification factor
Ei = the occupancy importance factor
Table 7-7 Seismic Factor for Facilities

Risk Importance
No. Facility Category Factor (Ei) Structures Type R
1. Office Building II 1 Ordinary reinforced 3
concrete moment frames

2. Control Room, II 1 Ordinary reinforced 3

Electrical Room concrete moment frames

3. Security Post I 1 Ordinary reinforced 3

concrete moment frames

4. Workshop and II 1 Steel Ordinary Moment 3.5

Warehouse Frames
5. Gas/Diesel Engine III 1.25 Steel Ordinary Moment 3.5
Generator Shelter Frames
6. Fire Water and IV 1.5 Steel Ordinary Moment 3.5
Pump's Shelter Frames
7. Fire Water Tank IV 1.5 Other Structures 1.25
Foundation
9. Liquid/Gas Storage IV 1.5 Other Structures 1.25
Tank Foundation
10. Steel Piperack, Pipe III 1.25 Steel Ordinary Moment 3.5
Bridge, and Pipe
Frames
Support

11 Pipe Sleeper III 1.25 Other Structures 1.25

 Risk Importance
No. Facility Factor (Ei) Structures Type R
12. Vertical Vessel III 1.25 Vessel with un-braced leg 2
or with un-symmetric
brace

13. Horizontal Vessel III 1.25 Welded horizontal vessel 3

supported by
skirt/pedestal

14. Package and pump III 1.25 Other Structure 1.25

15. Telecommunication III 1.25 Truss Tower 3

Tower
16. Flare Stack III 1.25 Stacks anchored by guy 3
wire

17. Pole III 1.25 Cantilever type 1.5

7.9. VIBRATING LOAD

Foundations supporting large rotating equipment such as compressors and blowers, etc., shall be designed
to safely withstand static loads plus dynamic loads. Large rotating equipment is defined as reciprocating
equipment or machinery, centrifugal compressors, turbines, fans, pumps, etc. and their drivers over 500 HP.
Dynamic loads shall be in accordance with the data issued from manufacturer.
For requirement regarding design of vibrating major equipment foundation, refer to section 12.11 herein
after.

7.10. THERMAL FORCES

7.10.1. Friction Forces (Tf) due to Pipes
• In design of the pipe tracks, pipe racks, and pipe supports, a horizontal friction force due to the
thermal expansion or contraction of flare lines and stream lines, etc. shall be applied at the support bearing
surfaces.
• These forces shall be assumed to act in either direction parallel to or perpendicular to
the piping run as determined by the analysis and shall be as follows:
Tf = pipe gravity load x friction coefficient
The friction force (Tf) shall be deemed to be a temporarily acting thermal load
• Pipe gravity load:
Heaviest single pipe or group of several lines known to expand or contract simultaneously in the same
direction on the track or (¼) of total pipe load, whichever is greater. It should include weight of the pipe,
insulation and service fluid.
• Friction Coefficient shall be as follows:
Steel to steel = 0.35
Steel to lubricate = 0.15
Stainless steel to Teflon = 0.10
Teflon to Teflon = 0.10
Steel to concrete = 0.45

7.10.2. Anchor Forces (Ta) due to Pipes

• For pipe tracks, pipe racks, and pipe supports, pipe anchor force (Ta) shall be calculated based on
the thermal stress analysis of the piping system and the deflection of the supports need be considered if it
imposes risk the overall stability of the structure.
• The Anchor force (Ta) shall be deemed as a permanent thermal load when the temperature
corresponds to the normal operating condition.

7.10.3. Thermal Sliding Forces (Ts)

• The sliding supports supporting heat exchangers or horizontal vessel for high- temperature service
shall be designed to be safe under the friction force due to thermal deformation of equipment. The force
shall be deemed as a permanent load when the temperature corresponds to the normal operating condition.
• The sliding plate type shall be as follows:
Table 7-8 The Sliding Plate Type

Weight of Operating Sliding Plate

W < 27 ton t < 2000 C Steel to Steel

W < 27 ton t < 2600 C Teflon or Laborite

Pads t < 2600 C Insulators

7.11. SOIL PRESSURE (SP)

The lateral earth pressure depends on the several factors:
• The physical properties of soil, i.e., unit weight (Ys), cohesion (c) and angle of internal friction (0)
• The time-dependent nature of soil strength.
• The interaction between the soil and the retaining structure at the interface.
• The general characteristics of the deformation in the soil-structure composite.
• The imposed loading, e.g., height of backfill, surcharge loads.

The lateral earth pressure illustrated as follow:

Figure 7-2 Lateral Earth Pressure

The figure above shows some of the forces acting on a typical gravity retaining structure. The thrust Pa is the
resultant of the active pressure. The resistance to the active pressure is provided by the frictional force at the
bottom of the wall and by the soil in front of the wall. Relative to the soil in front of the wall, the wall becomes
the actuating force with the soil providing the passive resistance to movement, with the resultant Pp.
The lateral earth pressure shall be determined according to the following pressure distribution:
Figure 7-3 Earth Pressure Distribution
Active Lateral Stress Oa = [(ys * depth + q) * Ka] - 2 c VKa
(kN/m2)
Passive Lateral Stress Op = ys * depth * Kp + 2 c VKp

The maximum lateral earth pressure occurs when depth = H, hence: Resultant Active Lateral Earth
Pressure,
Pa = 1/2 ys (H1)2 Ka - 2 c VKa H1 (kN/m)
Resultant Passive Lateral Earth Pressure,
Pp = 1/2 ys (H2)2 Kp + 2 c VKp H2 (kN/m) Where:
ys = unit weight of undisturbed soil (kN/m3)
c = cohesion of undisturbed soil (kN/m2)
0 = angle of internal friction
Ka = coefficient of active lateral earth pressure = tan2 (45 - 0/2)
Kp = coefficient of passive lateral earth pressure = tan2 (45 + 0/2)
The above coefficients are specific for the site soil condition and shall be obtained from the soil investigation
reports.

7.12. LIQUID PRESSURE (LP)

The liquid pressure is the pressure of liquid acting on a building, structure or foundation.
7.13. TUBE BUNDLE PULLING FORCES (TB)
Tube bundle pulling forces shall be as follows. Fixed type = nil
For other type than fixed type, 150% of bundle weight shall be considered. It shall be given and included in
equipment loading data from Mechanical. The bundle weight to be considered in foundation design shall be
in accordance with equipment loading data. Total bundle pull shall be considered on fixed side alone.

7.14. VEHICULAR LOADS (VH)

The heavy-duty roads, bridges, trenches, and underground installations accessible to truck loading shall be
designed for a single axle load of 8.16 tons, and light duty for axle load of 5 tons.
The impact load coefficient shall be 20%.

8. LOAD COMBINATION
8.1. GENERAL
• Structures, buildings, and foundations shall be designed to have design strength at least equal to the
required strength calculated for the loading combinations as described in this section.
• Load combination shall refer to ASCE 7-16.
• Factored load combination shall be used for concrete structure and foundation reinforcement. Unfactored
load combination shall be used for steel structure, deflection check, and foundation calculation (both shallow
and pile). Factored and unfactored load combination shall be considered for permanent and temporary
conditions.
• Loads prescribed here to fore shall be considered to act in the following combination adjusted by
multiplying a Load Combination (LC) probability factor whichever produces the most unfavorable effects
in the building, foundation, or structure member concrete.

8.2. UNFACTORED LOAD COMBINATION

Unfactored load combination which refers to Allowable Stress Design Method shall be considered in design;
however, combinations that are obviously safe need not be included in the design. The following
combinations shall be used for steel structure design, deflection check and foundation calculation.

Table 8-1 Load Combination for Allowable Stress Design Method

LC No. Combination of Load Condition

101 D + P(E) + E(E) + L + Lr

102 D + P(E) + E(E) + 0.6 WX
103 D + P(E) + E(E) + 0.6 WZ
104 D + P(E) + E(E) + 0.75 L + 0.75 Lr + 0.75 (0.6 WX)
105 D + P(E) + E(E) + 0.75 L + 0.75 Lr + 0.75 (0.6 WZ)
106 0.6 D + 0.6 P(E) + 0.6 E(E) + 0.6 WX Empty

107 0.6 D + 0.6 P(E) + 0.6 E(E) + 0.6 WZ

108 (1.0 + 0.7 Ev) (D + P(E) + E(E)) + 0.7 (EQX + 0.3
EQZ)

LC No. Combination of Load Condition

109 (1.0 + 0.7 Ev) (D + P(E) + E(E)) + 0.7 (0.3 EQX +

EQZ)
110 (1.0 + 0.525 Ev) (D + P(E) + E(E)) + 0.75 L + 0.525
(EQX + 0.3 EQZ)
111 (1.0 + 0.525 Ev) (D + P(E) + E(E)) + 0.75 L + 0.525
(0.3 EQX + EQZ)
112 (0.6 - 0.7 Ev) (D + P(E) + E(E)) + 0.7 (EQX + 0.3
EQZ)
113 (0.6 - 0.7 Ev) (D + P(E) + E(E)) + 0.7 (0.3 EQX +
EQZ)
114 D + P(O) + E(O) + L + Lr
115 D + P(O) + E(O) + C + 0.6 WX
116 D + P(O) + E(O) + C + 0.6 WZ
117 D + P(O) + E(O) + 0.75 L + 0.75 Lr + 0.75 (0.6 WX)
118 D + P(O) + E(O) + 0.75 L + 0.75 Lr + 0.75 (0.6 WZ)
119 0.6 D + 0.6 P(O) + 0.6 E(O) + 0.6 WX
120 0.6 D + 0.6 P(O) + 0.6 E(O) + 0.6 WZ Operating
121 (1.0 + 0.7 Ev) (D + P(O) + E(O)) + 0.7 (EQX + 0.3
EQZ)
122 (1.0 + 0.7 Ev) (D + P(O) + E(O)) + 0.7 (0.3 EQX +
EQZ)
123 (1.0 + 0.525 Ev) (D + P(O) + E(O)) + 0.75 L + 0.525
(EQX + 0.3 EQZ)
124 (1.0 + 0.525 Ev) (D + P(O) + E(O)) + 0.75 L + 0.525
(0.3 EQX + EQZ)
125 (0.6 - 0.7 Ev) (D + P(O) + E(O)) + 0.7 (EQX + 0.3
EQZ)
126 (0.6 - 0.7 Ev) (D + P(O) + E(O)) + 0.7 (0.3 EQX + EQZ)

127 D + P(T) + E(T) + C

128 D + P(T) + E(T) + C + 0.6 WX
129 D + P(T) + E(T) + C + 0.6 WZ
Test
130 0.6 D + 0.6 P(T) + 0.6 E(T) + 0.6 C + 0.6 WX
131 0.6 D + 0.6 P(T) + 0.6 E(T) + 0.6 C + 0.6 WZ
132 D + P(T) + E(T)+ 0.75 L + 0.75 (0.6 WX)
 LC No. Combination of Load Condition

133 D + P(T) + E(T)+ 0.75 L + 0.75 (0.6 WZ)

134 D + E(E) + P(E) + TB Maintenance
Where applicable, vibration load shall be added to the equipment and piping load.
The handling device loads shall be added to the 50 percent live loads, after considering the actual
loading conditions. Crane impact load need not be combined with wind load and earthquake load.

8.3. FACTORED LOAD COMBINATION

Unless otherwise specified, the factored loading combinations for reinforced concrete design are as follows
in accordance to ASCE-7.
Table 8-2 Load Combination for Ultimate Strength Design Method

LC No. Combination of Load Condition

201 1.4 D + 1.4 P(E) + 1.4 E(E)

202 1.2 D + 1.2 P(E) + 1.2 E(E) + 1.6 L
203 1.2 D + 1.2 P(E) + 1.2 E(E) + 0.5 WX
204 1.2 D + 1.2 P(E) + 1.2 E(E) + 0.5 WZ
205 1.2 D + 1.2 P(E) + 1.2 E(E) + 1.0 L + 1.0 WX
206 1.2 D + 1.2 P(E) + 1.2 E(E) + 1.0 L + 1.0 WZ
207 0.9 D + 0.9 P(E) + E(E) + 1.0 WX Empty
208 0.9 D + 0.9 P(E) + E(E) + 1.0 WZ
209 (1.2 + 1.0 Ev) (D + P(E) + E(E)) + 1.0 L + 1.0 EQX +
0.3 EQZ
210 (1.2 + 1.0 Ev) (D + P(E) + E(E)) + 1.0 L + 0.3 EQX +
1.0 EQZ
211 (0.9 - 1.0 Ev) (D + P(E) + E(E)) + 1.0 EQX + 0.3
EQZ
212 (0.9 - 0.2 SDS) [D + E(E) + P(E)] + 0.3EQX + EQZ
213 1.4 D + 1.4 P (0) + 1.4 E (0) 0perating
 LC No. Combination of Load Condition

214 1.2 D + 1.2 P (0) + 1.2 E (0) + 1.6 L

215 1.2 D + 1.2 P (0) + 1.2 E (0) + 1.0 L + 0.5 WX
216 1.2 D + 1.2 P (0) + 1.2 E (0) + 1.0 L + 0.5 WZ
217 1.2 D + 1.2 P (0) + 1.2 E (0) + 1.2 C + 1.0 WX
218 1.2 D + 1.2 P (0) + 1.2 E (0) + 1.2 C + 1.0 WZ
219 0.9 D + 0.9 P (0) + 0.9 E (0) + 0.9 C + 1.0 WX
220 0.9 D + 0.9 P (0) + 0.9 E (0) + 0.9 C + 1.0 WZ
221 (1.2 + 1.0 Ev) (D + P (0) + E (0)) + L + 1.0 EQX +
0.3 EQZ
222 (1.2 + 1.0 Ev) (D + P (0) + E (0)) + L + 0.3 EQX +
1.0 EQZ
223 (0.9 - 1.0 Ev) (D + P (0) + E (0)) + 1.0 EQX + 0.3
EQZ

224 (0.9 - 1.0 Ev) (D + P (0) + E (0)) + 0.3 EQX + 1.0

EQZ
225 1.4 D + 1.4 P(T) + 1.4 E(T)
226 1.2 D + 1.2 P(T) + 1.4 E(T) + 1.6 L
227 1.2 D + 1.2 P(T) + 1.2 E(T) + 1.2 C + L + 0.5 WX
228 1.2 D + 1.2 P(T) + 1.2 E(T) + 1.2 C + L + 0.5 WZ
229 1.2 D + 1.2 P(T) + 1.2 E(T) + 1.2 C + 1.0 WX Test
230 1.2 D + 1.2 P(T) + 1.2 E(T) + 1.2 C + 1.0 WZ
231 0.9 D + 0.9 P(T) + 0.9 E(T) + 0.9 C + 1.0 WX
232 0.9 D + 0.9 P(T) + 0.9 E(T) + 0.9 C + 1.0 WZ

9. MATERIAL STRENGTH AND STRESS

9.1. CONCRETE
Table 9-1 Compressive Strength of Concrete

Concrete Grade Water-Cementations Compressive

ratio

Strength Strength at

fc' = 4000 psi 0.30 - 0.35 fc' = 28 MPa

fc' = 3000 psi 0.30 - 0.35 fc' = 21 MPa

fc' = 2000 psi - fc' = 14 MPa

9.2. REINFORCING STEEL BAR

Table 9-2 Yield Strength of Reinforcing Steel Bar

Material Grade Yield Strength

ASTM A615/A615M Gr. fy = 420 MPa

60, SNI 2052:2017,
Grade Butts 420A/420B

ASTM A615/A615M Gr. fy = 280 MPa

40, SNI 2052:2017,
Grade BjTP 280

9.3. STRUCTURAL STEEL OR PIPE

Table 9-3 Yield Strength Structural Steel

Material Grade Yield Strength

SS 400 or STK 400 fy = 240 MPa

The elements of structural members such as shape steel, excluding girts, purling strips and joists shall have
a wall thickness of not less than 5 mm. Wall thickness of the pipe shall not less than 2.5 mm.
Sectional properties for design of structural members shall be in accordance with JIS G 3192.

9.4. HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS

Table 9-4 Allowable Stress for High Strength Bolts
 Material Grade Allowable Stress
(For nominal area of bolt)

ASTM A325 Tension = 300 MPa

Shear = 124 MPa

9.5. ORDINARY STRENGTH BOLTS

Table 9-5 Allowable Stress for Ordinary Strength Bolts

Material Grade Allowable Stress

(For nominal area of bolt)

ASTM A307 or JIS B1180 Tension = 134 MPa

grade 4.6
Shear = 66 MPa

9.6. ANCHOR BOLT

Table 9-6 Allowable Stress for Anchor Bolts

Material Grade Allowable Stress

(For nominal area of bolt)

ASTM A307 or JIS Tension = 137 MPa

G3101 SS400
Shear = 69 MPa

10. BEARING CAPACITY AND FOUNDATION STABILITY

10.1. SOIL BEARING CAPACITY
Allowable soil bearing capacity shall be designed in accordance to:
• The allowable settlement of foundation shall be based on equipment requirements or
25 mm whichever is less.
• Safety factor of bearing capacity minimum shall be 2 for both empty/normal operating condition
and empty/normal operating condition + against wind or seismic and also test condition.
• Soil investigation report.
Allowable soil bearing capacity based on soil investigation report with safety factor of 3 shall be as
below table:
Table 10-1 Allowable soil bearing capacity

Allowable soil bearing capacity

(kPa)

Depth (m)
1 25.5 25.5 25.5
2 33.3 33.3 33.3

This project is located on the existing plant thus it is considered to has soil maturity and also to
optimize the design calculation, safety factor (SF) = 2 is allowed to used.
Table 10-2 Optimized allowable soil bearing capacity

Depth (m) Allowable soil bearing capacity

(kPa)
BH1 BH2 BH3

1 38 38 38
2 49 49 49
10.2. PILE CAPACITY
Allowable pile capacity using bored pile with specified diameter and pile embedment length
shall be as follow:
Bored pile diameter : 400 mm
Pile head type : Fixed or Free Head
Table 10-3 Allowable bored pile capacity

Lateral (kN) Moment (kN)

Compression Tension Fixed Fixed Free Head
5 79 59 49 27.9 84.8 39.4
10 167 118 49 27.9 84.8 39.4
15 197 138 49 27.9 84.8 39.4
20 246 167 49 27.9 84.8 39.4
22 295 206 49 27.9 84.8 39.4
25 491 334 49 27.9 84.8 39.4
Due to limitations of data, allowable pile tension capacity on 5m, 10m, 15m, 20m, 22 m, 25 m
depth above was taken proportionally from allowable pile on 25X26m depth stated on soil investigation
report.

10.3. FOUNDATION STABILITY

Every building, structures and foundation shall be designed so that the safety factor shall not be less than
values mentioned below at any circumstances.

Table 10-4 Minimum safety factor

No. Condition Overturning Sliding Uplift

1. Against Empty and Erection 2.0 1.5 1.1
2. Against Operating + Wind / Seismic 2.0 1.5 1.1
3. Against Test + Wind / Seismic 2.0 1.5 1.1
Friction force between soil and concrete shall be taken as a resistant force against sliding.
Passive soil pressure shall not be considered simultaneously. Coefficient of friction of 0.4 shall be applied.
11. DEFLECTION
11.1. VERTICAL DEFLECTION
The limiting permissible vertical deflection for structural steel members shall be as below unless specified
in vendor's requirement.
Table 11-1 Allowable vertical deflection limit for structural steel members

Structural Steel Members Allowable Limit

Gantry girder for electric overhead crane (capacity L/750
up to 50T)
Gantry girder for manually operated crane L/500
Girder/beam for supporting dynamic equipment/ L/450
hoist
Grating/ Chequered Plate L/200 or %" whichever
is minimum

Purlins supporting any type of roofing material under L/200

(dead load + live load) or (dead load + wind load)
conditions
Other structures/ structural components L/200

Note:
- Where L represent the span
- For deflection of concrete structures, the requirement shown in ACI 318 shall be applied.

11.2. HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION

The limiting permissible horizontal deflection for multi storied steel structure/ building shall be
height/200 except for height/400 for crane girders.

12. REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS

12.1. DESIGN METHOD
In design of reinforced concrete structures, members shall be design in accordance with a
load factor method (or ultimate strength method) in ACI 318.
12.2. MINIMUM REBAR AND WIREMESH DIAMETER
• For flexural reinforcement : Min. D-13 mm for rebar and M6-150 mm for wiremesh
• For ties or stirrups reinforcement and : Min. 0-10 mm
miscellaneous (ref. ACI 318M-11 clause 7.10.5.1)

12.3. MINIMUM CONCRETE COVER

The following minimum concrete cover shall be provided for reinforcement:
Table 12-1 Minimum Cover for Certain Reinforcement (ref. SNI 2847:2019 table 20.6.1.3.1)

Minimum Cover
No. Items
1. Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth 75

2. Concrete exposed to earth or weather a. D19 through 50

D57 bars
40
b. D16 bar, 013 or D13 wire and smaller
3. Concrete not exposed to weather or in contact with
ground
a. Slabs, walls, joist
• D43 and D57 bars 40
• D36 bar and smaller 20
b. Beams, columns
Primary reinforcement, ties, stirrups, spirals, and
confinement
40

12.4. REINFORCEMENT OF FOUNDATION PEDESTAL

Ratio of reinforcement shall be the greater value of required by calculation or area of anchor bolts in terms
of ratio of yield strength of anchor bolt to rebar and minimum shall be 0.5% of pedestal gross area.

12.5. SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT

All structural concrete shall be reinforced on all faces of concrete to eliminate cracking.
12.6. CLASSIFICATION OF CONCRETE GRADE
Table 12-2 Classification of Concrete Grade

Cylinder Specimen Application

Leveling concrete
fc' = 14 Mpa (K-175) Fill and backfill concrete
Fire proofing concrete

General foundation
fc' = 21 Mpa (K-250) Pits

Equipment Foundation
Road pavement
fc' = 28 Mpa (K-350) Bored pile
Rotating, vibrating equipment foundation
Structure & grade beam

fc' = 52 Mpa (K-600) Precast prestressed concrete spun pile

12.7. DEFLECTIONS
Reinforced concrete members subjected to flexure shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to
limit deflections or any deformations that affect strength or serviceability of a structure adversely. The table
below had shown the maximum permissible computed deflections.
Table 12-3 Deflection Limitation (ref. ASCE 7-16 Section CC.2)

Deflections to be considered Deflection

Type of Member Limitation
Flat roofs not supporting or attached to Immediate deflection due to live
non-structural element likely to be load L
L/240
damaged by large deflections
 Type of Member Deflection
Deflections to be considered Limitation
Floors not supporting or attached to
nonstructural element likely to be
Immediate deflection due to live L/360
damaged by large deflections
load L

Roof construction supporting or That part of the total deflection L/480

attached to nonstructural element
likely to be damaged by large
deflections
Floor construction supporting or
attached to nonstructural element
likely to be damaged by large
deflections
occurring after attachment of
nonstructural elements (sum of
the longtime deflection due to all
sustained loads and the
immediate deflection due to
L/240
any additional live load)

12.8. CRACK WIDTH

The crack on the tension area of the reinforced concrete subjected to flexure should be calculated based
on the Gergely-Lutz expression as follow:
w = 1.11X10-6 X β X fs X 3 dc X A
Where:
w = maximum crack width (mm)
g = height factor, in practical use the values of g = 1.2 and 1.35 are applicable for beams and slabs
respectively
fs = calculated stress in reinforcement at service loads (MPa), in practical use, the values of fs = 0.6 fy are
applicable
dc = thickness of concrete cover measured from extreme fiber to center of bar located closest there to
(mm)
A = effective tension area divided by number of bars (mm2)
The limit crack width of 0.4 and 0.33 (ref. ACI 224.2R) are correspond to the interior and exterior exposure
respectively.
Limit of crack width for retaining structures is 0.01 mm according to ACI 350. As an alternative, surface crack
to a width can be checked based on ACI 350-06 Section 10.6.4 using value of steel reinforcement
maximum stress, Fosamax, equation. Equation of Fosamax depends on the environmental exposure areas
as defined below:
0 Normal environmental exposure where exposure to liquids with a pH greater than 5, or
exposure to sulphate solutions of 1000 ppm or less.
0 Severe environmental exposure where condition in which the limits defining normal environmental
exposure are exceeded.
The formula will be as below:
320
Fosamax = 2
2 2 2
where:
h = thickness member
g = the strain gradient amplification factor
1.2 for h >= 16 in (406.4 mm), 1.35 for h < 16 in (406.4 mm)
db. = rebar diameter \
s = rebar space

12.9. SMALL FOOTING

Small footing for light loads (under 0.9 ton) shall be square or rectangular, with a minimum thickness of 200
mm (ref. ACI 318 chapter 13.3). The foundation shall be stable, no shrinkage and/or no settlement.

12.10. SMALL MACHINERY FOUNDATION

Small or light machinery includes all rotating equipment such as pumps or compressors having
a gross plan area of 0.93 m2 or less and/or a total mass of
1985 lb. (900 kg) or less (ref. ACI 341). All such equipment may rest on separate footing, or may be set on
an adequate reinforced slab having minimum thickness
of 200 mm (ref. ACI 318 chapter 13.3). The foundation shall be stable, no shrinkage or no settlement.
For machinery with total weight greater than 1985 lb. (900 kg) and less than 5000 lb. (22 kN), dynamic
analysis not need to be performed. However, the weight of foundation shall be set at least 3 times the
weight of rotating machine and at least 5 times the weight of reciprocating machine.

12.11. LARGE ROTATING EQUIPMENT FOUNDATION (REF. ACI 351-3R)

1. Large rotating equipment is defined as all reciprocating equipment or machinery all
centrifugal compressors, turbines, fan, pumps, etc. and their drivers over 500 hp.
2. Foundation shall be reinforced concrete block proportioned so that the resultant of vertical
loads of the equipment, piping, the block itself, and any unbalanced inertia forces lies within the base itself
and 150 mm minimum below the top of the foundations.
3. For all large rotating equipment foundations, a comprehensive Geotechnical Report is to be prepared
which will provide all the criteria required to carry out a Dynamic Analysis. This should include the
unit mass of the soil supporting the foundation and its coefficient of sub grade reaction.
4. The bearing pressure under the foundation shall be limited to 75 % of the allowable soil bearing capacity
for static loads.
5. The ratio of operating speed (forcing frequency) to the "dampened" natural frequency of the
soil/foundation system must fall outside the ratio 0.7 to 1.4.
6. For large pumps with variable speed or gear drive, the resonance and frequency
calculations shall be carried out over the anticipated range of the speeds.
7. Dynamic foundation shall be designed with limited frequency and amplitude related to
person and shall avoid resonance. Based on "Foundation for Machine” by Shamsher Prakash,
the natural frequency must be lower than 0.7 and bigger than 1.4. the following figures are resonance
limitation and amplitude & frequency limitation to person.
Figure 12-1 Resonance limitation of dynamic foundation

Figure 12-2 Amplitude and frequency limitation to person of dynamic foundation

12.12. STACK AND TALL STRUCTURE (REF. ACI 351-2R)

For free standing stacks 30 m or greater height the entire foundation may remain in compression or tension
for the design overturning moment.
12.13. ELECTRONIC POLE FOUNDATION (REF. ACI 351-2R)
For electronic pole foundation minimum depth shall be 1200 mm or the entire foundation may remain in
compression or tension for the design overturning moment.

12.14. EXCHANGERS AND HORIZONTAL PRESSURE VESSELS (REF. ACI 351-2R)

1. Two pedestal supported by spread footings or piles shall in principles be used, and if necessary,
foundation tie beams shall be used.
2. Calculation of stresses shall be made based on assumption that connecting part between the saddle
base of equipment and the top of foundation pedestal is in stage of pin for a horizontal force in
direction of the axis of equipment and it is rigid for a horizontal force in the direction at a right angle to the
axis of equipment.
3. The tube bundle pulling forces shall be applied at the axis of equipment concerned. If the force to be
carried by sliding side exceeds the friction force thereof, the pulling force shall be carried by fixed side only.

12.15. COMBINED FOOTING (REF. ACI 351-2R)

Combined footings shall be designed that the resultant of all normal long term operating loads placed
thereon coincide with the center of gravity of the footing within 5 %.

12.16. FOUNDATION ON TOP ELEVATION (REF. ACI 351-3R)

1. The top of concrete pedestals or grade beam shall be flush with the floor slab, and at least 150 mm
above finished grade elevations.
2. The top of concrete pedestals under steel column bases for pipe racks or open structural framing and
legs and/or skirts on vertical vessels and towers shall be 300 mm above finished grade or paving, unless
otherwise indicated.
3. The elevations shall allow for minimum of 25 mm grout under column base plates and equipment.
12.17. PIPE TRENCHES
1. Pipe trenches shall be avoided if at all possible. If required, the pipe trenches shall be of reinforced
concrete with minimum thickness of 150 mm for wall and floor.
2. The trench floor shall have 1 % minimum slope to a maximum of 150 mm.

12.18. ACCESS WAY

Access way for personnel access shall be 1 meter width (refer to existing access way) reinforced concrete
pavement with 100 mm thickness using single layer M6-150 mm bar. Pavement surfaces shall be painted
broom finish as per existing

13. SEWER AND DRAINAGE

13.1. DISCHARGE METHOD
1. Oily Water Drain
Oily water is collected in sewer line and shall run through underground carbon steel pipe or HDPE pipe.
2. Storm Water Sewer (Non-oil contaminated sewer)
Non contaminated water shall flow through open ditches.
At road crossing, the water in open ditches shall flow through RD pipes or RC
culverts. Natural drainage courses shall be utilized whenever possible.
3. Chemical Sewer
Chemical sewer shall run through underground PVC or HDPE pipe as appropriate for the
acidity and alkalinity of the chemicals in the sewer.
4. Sanitary Sewer
Sanitary sewer shall run through underground PVC pipe or HDPE pipe.

13.2. RAINFALL INTENSITY

Maximum rainfall will be 100 mm/hour.

13.3. RUN OFF COEFFICIENT

Runoff coefficients shall be as follows:
Roofs or paved areas C = 1.0
Compacted gravel, or clay area C = 0.6
Undeveloped areas C = 0.4
13.4. MINIMUM EARTH COVERING (REF. AWWA)
Minimum earth cover for the pipes will be follows:
• Steel pipe = 450 mm
• Reinforced concrete pipe = 500 mm
• One half of the pipe diameter if greater than (a) and (b)
At road crossing and when the earth cover is less than (a), (b) and (c), the stress of pipe shall be checked by
the calculation based on the natural loading condition or the pipe shall be protected by concrete
encasement.

13.5. MINIMUM PIPE SIZE

Pipe size depends to sufficient for sewer and drainage condition.

13.6. DISCHARGE (Q) FORMULA

Calculation of discharge shall be made by "Rational Formula ": Q = C * I * A / 360 (m3/sec)
Where:
C = Run-off coefficient
I = Rainfall intensity (mm/hour)
A = Catchment Area (ha)
13.7. VELOCITY (V) FORMULA
Calculation of discharge volume shall be made by "Manning Formula". The Maximum average
velocity shall be 3.0 m/sec for lined ditch and 0.6 m/sec for unlined ditch. The limitation is not applied to side
ditches along roads outside facility fence and pipe culvert.
V = 1/n R2/3 S1/2
Q=V*A
Where:

Q: discharge (m3/sec)

V: velocity (m/sec)
A : cross sectional area of flow (m2)

S hydraulic gradient (m/m)

:
R hydraulic radius (m)
:
n :coefficient of roughness

Concrete ditch

RC pipe, ductile iron pipe, steel pipe and PVC pipe

Corrugated metal pipe

13.8. SLOPE (REF. AASHTO)

Road crossing culvert shall have a minimum slope 1% to maximum 5%.

13.9. FIRE WATER

For process areas the surface run off volumes shall be based on firewater or storm water whichever
greater.

13.10.MANHOLES
Manhole shall be provided at a maximum 100 m distances for underground sewer lines.

13.11.OPEN DITCH
1. Unlined ditch
nlined ditch shall be U in cross section, minimum bottom width of 0.3 m (to anticipate design change to
concrete U ditch in the future which based on available minimum width of precast u-ditch on market
catalogue). Any surface protection is not required.
2. Concrete U ditch
Concrete width of concrete U ditch shall be 0.3 m (based on available minimum
width of precast u-ditch on market catalogue).
3. Cast Insitu Trapezoidal ditch
Concrete width of concrete trapezoidal ditch shall be 0.3 m.
4. Pipe culvert at slope
Pipe culvert shall be provided for flow lines with more than 3 % gradient(refer to
AASHTO)

13.12.MATERIAL
1. Piping
Sewer and drainage piping materials will be as follows:
a. Oily water line : C.S.P
b. Oil contaminated water line : C. S. P; R.C.P c. Clean water line (road crossing)
: R.C.P; C. M.P d. Sanitary water line:
• C.S.P : Carbon steel pipe
• R.C.P : Reinforced concrete pipe
• P.V.C : Polyvinyl chloride pipe
• C.M.P : Corrugated metal pipe
2. Manholes
Manholes, catch basin, etc. will be made of reinforced concrete.
3. Coating or wrapping
Coating or wrapping shall be applied to outer surface of buried C.S.P sewer pipe

14. ROAD AND PAVEMENT (REF. AASHTO)

1. Slope
Max Transversal Slope, Road = 1.5% - 2%
Max Transversal Slope, Shoulder= 3% - 4%
Max Longitudinal Gradient = 6%
• Unless otherwise specified, the following is the design criteria to be used as basis
of design for site road.
• Field CBR test or plate load test shall be conducted to confirm design basis.
• Sub grade shall be compacted 95% of maximum dry density. CBR min 6%.
• Road and Pavement of flexible type shall be used.
• Flexibel pavement consists of subgrade with CBR 6%, 22 cm thk. sub-base with CBR
30%, 18 cm thk. base with CBR 80%, and 5 cm thk. Wearing course asphalt.

Wearing Course

Base Course
Sub-Base Course
Subgrade

Figure 14-1 Flexible pavement design

• Minimum width of paved surface : 6 m (for two lanes)
• Pavement slope (transversal) :2%
• Width of shoulders (each side) : 1.0 m

3 Shoulder slope (transversal) : 5%

Design axle loads (single) : 8 tons

• Cycle frequency : 10 per day
• Service life : 5 years