Unit 3: Commercial Mathematics

9 Percentage, POR

x+13x=180
* 45

Profit And LosS

 lidate A.
candi from the tank.

Exercise9A 8.80% of children in a class maintain a

1.Vinay's collection of
monthly income was different types of items. 40% of them collect
16,000 to 18,000. Find the increased from coins, 45% collect rocks of different colours and
old
his monthly income. percentage increase in
shapes and the rest collect stamps. How many children
2. A bus drove at a are their in the class if 30
speed of 45 km/h for the first half of them collect
stamps?
of the journey. Thereafter, the 9. The length and breadth of
was 35 km/h for the rest of the
speed of the bus I m
a
rectangle 2.5 m and
are
journey. Find the respectively. If
its length increases
by 10%, find
the percentage increase
percentage decrease in the speed of the bus. in its area.
3. Estimate the following 10. Dinesh
percentages by rounding off
the quantities to the nearest ten.
multiplied a number by instead of
What is the 2
a. 15% of 158
percentage error?
11. A number is increased
b. 25% of 1004 by 30% and then decreased
c. 35% of 1562 d. 10% of 158 by 30%. Find the net increase or
12. 39% of students in Class decrease per cent.
Application Based Questions 8 chose to do a write
up on some famous
4. Manjari went to the supermarket with her son. She
personality. If there are 404
students in Class 8, find the
gave him 1500, but he dropped a R200 note on his of students who chose to do approximate
a write
number
way to the payment counter. What percentage of 13. On her up?
birthday Gayatri distributed 70% of the
money is Manjari's son left with? sweets in her own class. She then
went to her
5. Sheena got a salary hike of 20% for two consecutivee friends in other sections and distributed 50% of the
years. If her salary was 30,000 two years back, remaining sweets. After distributing another
what is her present salary? 20 sweets among her teachers, she
was still left
5. The price of a dozen bananas fell down by 15% with 10 sweets. What was the total
number of
sweets that Gayatri brought to the
over the week. If Rajat saved 30 on 120 bananas, school?
14. An afforestation drive led to a 20%
find the price of 6 dozen bananas. increase in
the number of trees in the forest area
. Rihana saves 20% of her salary. She spends 6000 over a year.

on house rent, F10,000 on clothes, 8% on conveyance

During this period 10% of the trees were cut down
in different parts of the forest. If there were
and the remaining on other expenditure. If her salary 20,000
trees in the forest, find the percentage of new
is 50,000, how much is the other expenditure? trees
in the forest now.
 TryThese!3 markers is
of 20 same as tha
. Tejas sold a music system at a gain of 11o. If 3. If the selling price CO
of 25 markers, find
the gain or loss per oCem
the cost price of the music system was price
4. Reena sold her laptop
at a loss of 9%. If the sellling
T8000, find the selling price. then she would hae
2. The cost price of 20 kg apples is same as price had been 420 more. mad
a profit of 5%. What is the actual selling price of
the cost price of 15 kg mangoes. If 10 kg the
mangoes are sold for 700 at a loss of 30%. laptop?
Find the cost price of l10 kg apples.

Exercise 9B
1. Find the lossor gain for the
a.SP T29,000; CP
following. 8. Poorvi bought a sofa set at 22.000 and sold it to
b. SP T90,000; CP
= {26,300 Viraj at 8% profit. Viraj turther sold it to Ravi ata
c. SP
=71,20,000 profit of 5%. Find the price at which Ravi bought
27,500; CP=728,000 the sofa set.
d. SP =R25,000; CP
=T20,500 9. Manju sells her mobile
2. Find the profit% or loss% for
the following. phone at a profit of 20%.
If she sold it at double this
a. SP
R27,720; CP=R25,200 price, what would have
b. SP T20,000; CP been her profit percentage?
{21,000
=

10. Priya sold a flower vase to a

c. SP =
R9500; CP =R8000 shop at a profit of
d. CP 5600; 25%. The shop sells it to a customer at
SP =5000 of 10%. At what
a loss
3. Find the cost
price when: price did the customer buy the
a. Profit=7500
and Profit% 10% flower vase, if it cost R400 to
b. ProfitT200 and SP =
=

11. Arnav Priya?

T5000 bought a designer
wall clock and a wall
c. Loss% 10% and SP R3600
=
= hanging at the same price.
d. SP = He sold the wall clock at
R11,500 and Profit% 15% =

e. Loss 7200 and Loss% 10%

=
=
10% profit and the wall
f. SP =T3500 and Loss hanging at 5% profit. If
74500 =

4. Find the the total

selling price each case.
in selling price of
a. CP the items was
R3000; Loss = 10%
=
4300, find their
b. Loss =T600; CP =75850 12. Sehar
bought two dresses
cost price.
c. CP=2000; sold
at 75000 each. She then
Profit 15% of them at a loss
one
of
d. CP 75000; Profit = T350
=
should she sell the second 10%. At what price
5. Roy buys a motorbike for 1,25,000 and sells it at a 13. Harman sold his dress to gain 20% in all'
gain of 10%. How much does he sell it for? motorcycle
sold it for T1500 less for 15,000. Had he
6. he would have
A book was
bought at 1200. Find the selling price of 10%. Find the cost incurred a loss
if the seller earns R400 as also the price of the
motorcycle and
profit. gain per cent.
14. Vardaan sold 25 kg wheat
Application Based Questions at 10% loss
7. Kiara buys a calculator for wheat 20% profit. If he
at and 15 kg
loss of 5o. How much does
{720 and sells it at a
T1250, find the overall bought 50 kg wheat at
she sell it for? At find the price gain or loss per cent.
price should she sell it to make a profit of 6%? what an overall
per kg of wheat if he
wants
Also,
profit of 20%. to make
OVERHEAD EXPENSES
Ritu has shifted her
Look at the following
scenarios house from one
Gautham bought a house for to the other. She paid RI5,000 location
25,00,000. and movers. She to the
He incurred an additional
expenditure of paid an additional packers of
T300 for each labour.
75,00,000 to get the renovations done. amount
In all the above
amount incurredexamples,
Ridhaan bought a fully-automatic there is some
washing machine by the person other thanextra
costing40,000. He paid an extra amount of basic cost. Such the
1000 for transportation and installation expenses are known
expenses. as overhead
 TryThese!6
tomato ketch got reducedfrom 18% to
1. Seema wanted to buy a sewing machine 12% due
to revision in the GST slab, Find the price of
worth 5600. If 12% GST was levied on it, the
bottle of tomato ketchup without GST.
what will be the final bill amount?
3. Heena and her family wanted to fly to
2. A boy purchased a bottle of tomato ketchup Singapore,
Her father bought 5 economy class air tickets
for 177 including GST. But the shopkeeper
returned him 9 extra as the GST levied at worth 25,000 cach. Find the GST
amount levied
at 5%.

Exercise 9C
when Marked Price (MP) and Dhruv then sold the bed to his friend for
1. Find the discount% 30,780,
Discount (D) are given. Did Dhruv incur a profit or loss and by how
much
a. MP 1400 b. MP =T52,000 c. MP 79000 = percentage?
D=R560 D=T7800 D =T1530 8. Aradhya buys a plain saree for 2,000. She does
2. Find the discount per cent when: some lace work on the saree and
spends 380 to
a. MP T2800 b. MP = T73,000 c. MP =R2000 buy the material for it. She sells the saree at 35%
SP =2525 SP R68,500 SP=R1520 profit. At what price did she sell the saree?
3. Find the GST amount for each of the following. 9. A dining table is priced
S. No. Amount
300
GST()
5
at 27,500. The dealer
offered a successive E
discount of 18% and
1250 18 10% on it. What is the
selling price of the
1290
dining table?
700 0 10. Successive discounts of 10%, 7%, and 2% are
offered on an item which is priced at 9,000. What
57.900 28
will be the final amount to be paid? Find the final
4. Ramya purchased a dress with a marked price of
effective discount percentage.
T3000. The dealer allowed 5% discount on it. Find
11. Sagar went to buy a laptop. He convinced the
the amount of discount and the final price paid by
Ramya for the dress. shopkeeper to offer him a discount of 10% on the
marked price of 35,000. If the GST is applicable
5. The marked price of wristwatch is 900, but the
a
at 18%, find the final amount paid by Sagar for the
factory supplied it to a dealer at R780. Find the rate of
discount allowed by the factory on each wristwatch. laptop
6. A piece of land 12. Before adding GST at 5%, an article costs R500.
priced at R2 lakh is sold at 20% What is the total cost when GST is included? Find
discount. Find the amount to be paid to
the land.
purchase the final price to be paid if the shopkeeper
allows a

discount of 10% on the article. at a

13. Raju and his family went to have dinner
Application Based Questions total price of all the
restaurant. Raju calculated the
7. Dhruv dishes ordered to be 2600. After
the dinner the
purchased a bed 6% CGST and
online for T24,900. water brought the bill including
total bill amount?
Delivery charges of 6% SGST. What was the
that
T500 were charged new car worth 15,36,000
14 Jiya purchased a 3,36,000. Find
the
by the site. After he included GST amount of
offered a
showroom
received the bed, a percentage of GST. If the actual price
or

service man came discount of 4% on the car, find the

for the fitting and charged him 250 for his work. the car.

131
 Summary
Final cost price verhead exDen
includes all the overhead expenses
Amount of increas
Percentage Increase = 100% incurred.
Actual price Marked price is the labelled price of the g00ds-
and
Amount of decreasCx 100% services.
Percentage Decrease Actual price Discount is the reduction in the marked price ofan
Protit Selling price - Cost price
article
Loss Cost price - Selling price GST is an indirect tax levied on the use of goods
Amount of Protit 00% and services at the national level. GST is divided
Profit=
Cost Price into five tax slabs for collecting tax-0%, 5%, 12%

Losso Amount ot LOSS x 100% 18%, and 28%.

Cost Price

Revision Exercises

Multiple Choice Questions

Choose the correct option. 4. A shopkeeper sells 45 pencils for R40 at a loss of
1. 10% of 24.500 is: 20%. How many pencils should he sell for 24 so as
a. 245 b. 2450 c. 24.5 d. 24,500 to make a profit of 20%?
2. Raju bought an article for 250 and sold it for 300. a. 16 b. 18 c. 20 d. 22
The percentage gain is: 5. Approximate value of 11% of 128 is:
a. 18% b. 10% c. 12% d. 20% a. 13 b. 11 c. 12 d. 12.8
3. A wire is cut from 21 cm to 18 cm, the percentage 6. Find the SP of an article marked at T650 and
decrease in the length is: offered at a discount of 10%.
a. 3% b. 8% c. 12.5% d. 14.28% a. 550 b . 715 c.R585 d. F605

Let's Practise(
1. Fill in the blanks. 3. State whether the following statements are true or
a. 20 g of a kg is . %. false.
b. The price at which the items are sold is called the a. The seller makes a profit if the SP is less than tne
CP
C. The profit or loss is always calculated basis the b. The overheads are always added to CP.
C. Discount is added to the marked price while
d. The concession given in the original price of an
buying an item.
article is called d. CGST is collected by the Central Government on
. is the money paid to the government an intra-state sale.
based on a person's income.
e. The GST act came into effect from 1st July 2013
2. Match the following. 4. Find the profit% or loss% for the following.
a. Discount of 10% on i. Two successive discounts SP
a. =
200 and CP =
{350
100 of 2%
b. CP =
T480 and SP =
R420
b. Successive discount of ii. Discount% when SP is
1% and 2% 198 and MP = R220
c. SP=1230 and CP T1,000 =

d. SP 12.25 and CP 15.50

=
=
c. Discount% when MP = ii. Discount when MP =T500
e. SP
500 and SP = R450 and SP =R490 TI5,456 and CP 713,386
=
=

. Find the cost price or selling price for the following.

d. Discount of 3.96% iv. Discount when MP =
7432.75 and SP = R410.25 a. SP T34.1 Profit% =10%
b. CP=120 Loss% = 12.5%
e. Discount of 15% on v. Discount of 2.98
c. SP = T2472 Profit% = 3%
T150

132
 d. CP R230 Loss% = 11%
7. Complete the following table.
e. CP=R7800 Profit%= 5% Price ST ST
6. Find the discount and discount% for the following. SENo Ttems
amoun
a. Marked price = T2050 and Selling price
a. Medicine 125 5%
=R1900
b. Marked price = R5500 and Selling price b. Fruits 200 0%

= 75100 C. Petrol 500 28%

d. Cream 480 18%
e. Printer 2300 28%

Test Your Understanding (

1. There are 500 people in a cinema hall. The number 6. Ryan bought
of children in the hall is 80. If 30% of the remaining a second
people in the hall are women. Find the number of hand carat
men in the hall. 3,20,000.
2. The side of a square decreases from 21 cm to 7 cm.

f
He spends
What is the percentage decrease in its area? 730,000 for
3. A toy shop donated 55 toys on the occasion of repainting
Children's Day. The shop gave 20% of the toys to it. Due to its
the older girls, 25% of the remaining toys to the condition he
older boys and the rest to the smaller children. What sells it fopr
percentage of toys did the smaller children get? 10% loss.
4. A bicycle was sold at a loss of 10%. If it was sold Find the selling price of the car.
forR140 more, there would have been a profit of 7. A jacket priced at 78,000 is available on 25%
4%. What is the cost price of the bicycle? discount. Due to off season an additional discount
5. Karthik runs a retail business of dress materials. He of 10% is offered on it. Find its selling price.
purchased 70 dress materials from a wholesaler at 8. A T-shirt costs 599 excluding GST of 5%. What is
a cost of R600 per piece. He spent R700 for gettung the total cost after GST is added?

hem to his shop. He sold each dress material for

R8SO. What is his profit percentage?

Mental Maths
. How much is 60% of 400? 5. If the articles costing five for 71500 are sold at four
2. What is the percentage of decrease if, R50 is for1400, find the profit or loss per cent per article.
6. What is the percentage of profit or loss if a T200
decreased to 25?
worth article is sold at 300?
.What amount is 15% of 10% of T10,000?
4. What is 7. What is the discount amount if an article worth
the selling price of the article, if T1000
7250 is sold at T160?
worth article is sold at 25% discount?
8. What is the GST amount for 500 at 12%?

HOTS Questions
A Salesman bought two used motorbikes for R60,O00 and K40,000 respectively. He sold the first bike at 20
second bike ir the salesman wants to make a net profit of R4.0002
OSs. What should be the profit% on the
2. AStha bought a smart TV for 35,000 after a discount of 0 . She exchanged her old TV and the shopkeener

cuced the amount by further 30%. She ofpaid K500 tor transportation and installation. Find the final
the smart TV.
price
Pld
by Astha and also the marked