INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT (LEA 3)

DEFINITION OF SECURITY

❑ Generally, the meaning of security is a kind of state where people, institutions, authority or
groups feel fully secured, free from any threat or vulnerability from somewhere or someone
in his/her life, liberty, property or activity. It could be in physical, psychological, social or
economic form.
❑ It is a state or quality of being secured, freedom from fear or danger, assurance, certainty.
❑ It is the degree of protection against danger, loss, and criminals.
❑ Protection against any type of crime to safeguard life and assets by various methods and
devices.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SECURITY

1. Command Responsibility
❑ Cannot be delegated but the security tasks can be assigned.
2. Compartmentation
❑ Need to know basis
3. Balance between security and efficiency
❑ Security prevails over efficiency
4. General principles of security remain constant
❑ Specific measures to suit operations
5. Security is the concern of all personnel
❑ Regardless of rank, position, designation

TYPES OF SECURITY MEASURES FOR AN EFFECTIVE DEFENSE AGAINST CRIMES:

1. ACTIVE MEASURES – these involve the installation of physical barriers, security

lighting, use of vaults, locks and others.

2. PASSIVE MEASURES – those that will deter man from committing such act of fear of
being caught, charged in court or get dismissed, such as: security education, programs,
investigations, seminars, personnel security check.

Brief History of Security in the Philippines

❑ The private security business began on March 11, 1933, when the first formally
licensed private security agency “Special Watchman Agency” started operations;
❑ Later it renamed “Jimenez Security Agency”, founded by brothers Juan and
Pedro Jimenez;
❑ On May 30 1958, the Philippine Association of Detectives and Protective
Agency Operations (PADPAO) was formally organized;
❑ RA 5487 was passed on June 13, 1969 through the continuous lobbying of the
incorporators and officers of PADPAO, which set the standards and minimum
requirements for the operations of security agencies.
❑ P.D. 11 was passed on October 3, 1972, widening the coverage of RA 5487 to
include security guards employed in logging concessions, agricultural, mining
and pasture lands;
❑ P.D. 100 was issued on January 17, 1973, broadening the coverage of the
security industry to include employees of the national or local government or any
agency who are employed to watch or secure government buildings and
properties.
❑ On August 1969, the Philippine Constabulary activated the Security and
Investigation Supervisory office or SIASO to supervise and control the
organization and operation of private security and detective agencies nationwide;
❑ Later it was renamed Philippine Constabulary Supervisory Office for Security and
Investigation Agencies or PCSUSIA.
❑ With the passage of RA 6975, this unit was absorbed by the Philippine National
Police;
❑ Later it was made into a division of the PNP Civil Security Group and was
renamed Security Agencies and Guard Supervision Division (SAGSD);
❑ It was renamed to PNP Supervisory Office for Security Investigation Agency
(SOSIA).
THREE MAJOR AREAS OF SECURITY

1. Physical Security
2. Personnel Security
3. Document and Information Security

TYPES OF SECURITY

PHYSICAL SECURITY
❑ A system of barriers placed between the potential intruder and the objects/matter to be
protected. It is the broadest branch of security, which is concerned with physical
measures adopted to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, materials and
documents and to safeguard them against espionage, sabotage, damage and theft.

Purpose of Physical Security:

1. To deny, delay or make difficult the intrusion or access.
2. To prevent, or control, unauthorized entry.
3. To safeguard /secure assets and/or property from loss, theft, or destruction.
4. To protect persons from harm as to be caused by the intrusion on the Intruder.
5. To deter, prevent and/or detect attempts to commit crime or perpetrate sabotage or
espionage.

Basic Principles of Physical Security

1. The type of access will depend on the number of variable factors and may be achieved
in a number of ways.
2. There is no impenetrable barrier
3. Defense in depth(barrier after barrier)
4. Delays against surreptitious entry and non-surreptitious entry.
5. Each installation is different.

FACTORS THAT BRING INSECURE CONDITION:

1. Threat
– An indication of impending danger or harm;
- positive inimical acts
2. Hazard
– A chance of being injured or harmed;
-passive inimical acts
3. Vulnerability
– inability to withstand the effects of a hostile environment
-measure of how open an establishment to intrusion, attack or injury
4. Risk
– is the potential that a chosen action or activity (including the choice of inaction) will
lead to a loss (an undesirable outcome).
-probability of an event to happen that will lead to loss.

SECURITY HAZARD
❑ An act or condition which results in a situation conducive to a breach of the protection
system and the subsequent loss or compromise, or damage to personnel, property or
facilities.

KINDS OF HAZARDS
1. Man –Made Hazards – an act or conditions affecting the safety of operation of the
facility caused by human action, accidental or intentional. It includes sabotage,
espionage, pilferage and theft.
2. Natural Hazard – caused by natural phenomena which cause damage, disturbance and
problems of normal functioning activities, including security. It includes floods, lightning,
storms and volcanic eruptions.

THE EXTENT OF DEGREE OF RISK TO SECURITY WILL BE DEFENDANT ON THE

FOLLOWING:
1. RELATIVE CRITICALITY OF OPERATIONS
❑ Is the importance of the firm which references the national economy and security.

2. RELATIVE VULNERABILITY
❑ The susceptibility of the plant or establishment to damage, loss, or disruption of
operation due to various hazards.

BARRIER
❑ can be defined as any structure or physical device capable of restricting, deterring,
delaying, illegal access to an installation.

Generally, a barrier is use for the following purposes:

1. Outline the perimeter of the area to be secured;
2. Create a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry;
3. Delay intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of intruders;
4. Assist in more efficient and economical employment of guards;
5. Facilitates and imposes the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.

1. FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE – Perimeter barrier/fences

❑ Medium or structure which defines the physical limits of an installation or area to restrict
or impede access thereto.

2. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE

❑ Doors, floors, windows, walls, roofs and grills.

3. THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE

❑ Storage systems like steel cabinets, safes, vaults and interior files.

GENERAL TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIER:

1. NATURAL BARRIER
❑ Include mountains, rivers, seas, deserts or terrain difficult to traverse. To be fully
effective, these barriers must be under surveillance of guards.

2. STRUCTURAL OR MAN-MADE BARRIER

❑ Structural constructions made by man like fences, walls, floors, roofs, grill or other
physical means to deter or impede penetration.

TYPES OF FENCES
a. SOLID FENCE
❑ Constructed in such a way that visual access through the fence is denied. Its advantage
is that it denies the opportunity for the intruder to become familiar with the personnel,
activities and the scheduled movements of the security personnel. On the other hand, it
prevents the guards from observing the area around the installation and it creates
shadows that may be used by the intruder for cover and concealment.

❑ WALL – Masonry wall should have the same chain linked and surrounded by the barbed
wire as top guard.

b. FULL VIEW FENCE – It is constructed in such a way that visuals access is permitted
through the fence. Its advantage is that it allows the security personnel to keep the
surroundings of the installation under observation. On the other hand, it allows the
intruder to become familiar with the movements of the security personnel.

TYPES OF FULL VIEW FENCE

1. CHAIN LINK FENCE
❑ Should be constructed minimum
height of 7 feet excluding top guard;
❑ 9 gauges or heavier;
❑ Mesh openings of not larger 2 inches per side;
❑ Twisted;
❑ Securely fastened to rigid material or reinforced concrete;
❑ Reach within 2 inches of hard ground or paving;
 ❑ On soft ground, it must reach below the surface deep enough to compensate for shifting
soil or sand.

2. BARBED WIRE FENCE

❑ Is a type of fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals
along the strand(s). It is used to construct inexpensive fences.
3. Concertina Wire or Dannert Wire
❑ Is a type of barbed wire or razor wire that is formed in large coils which can be expanded
like a concertina.
❑ Opened concertina wire is 50 feet long and 3 feet diameter.

ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Top Guard
❑ An additional overhang or barbed wire is placed on vertical perimeter fences facing
upward and outward with a 45 degree angle with three to four strands of barbed wires
spaced six inches apart. This will increase the protective height and prevent easy
access.

Entry Stations
❑ Provided at main perimeter entrances to secure areas located out of the doors, and
manned by guards on a full time basis.

Towers
❑ A house like structures above the perimeter barrier. Height of the tower increases the
range of observation during day and night with artificial illumination.

Clear Zones
❑ Unobstructed areas are maintained on both sides of the perimeter barrier. It affords
better observation and patrol movement. It should be cleared of anything that may
provide concealment or assistance to a person seeking an authorized entry.

CLEAR ZONE
❑ 20 feet or more between the perimeter barrier and exterior structure.
❑ 50 feet or more between the perimeter barrier and structure within the protected areas.

PROTECTION IN DEPTH
❑ In large open areas or ground, where fencing or walling is impracticable and expensive,
warning signs should be conspicuously placed.
❑ The depth itself is protection.

6. Signs and Notices

❑ Erected where necessary in the management of unauthorized ingress and preclude
accidental entry.

SECURITY LIGHTING
❑ Provides sufficient illumination to areas during hours of darkness.

PURPOSES OF SECURITY LIGHTING

1. It improves visibility so that intruders can be seen, identified and apprehend;
2. It gives psychological fear, which serves as a deterrent to thieves, pilferers, trespassers,
and sabotage;
3. It makes it easier. The routine of work of guards in identifying employees, vehicles during
night time;
4. If placed in certain areas, may even reduce the number of stationary guards, and
instead, may require only roving patrols at night.

TYPES OF SECURITY LIGHTING

1. Stationary Luminary – most common type consisting of a fixed series of luminaries. It is
commonly used on entry gates of employees and vehicles.

❑ Glare Protection Type – The intensity is focused to the intruder while the observer or
the guard remain in comparative darkness.
❑ Controlled lighting- The lighting is focused on certain objects rather than the
background.
 2. Standby Lighting – similar to continuous lighting but can be turned on manually or by
special device or other automatic means, when there is a suspicion of entry.
3. Emergency Lighting – stand by lighting which can be utilized in the event of electrical
failure.

PROTECTIVE ALARMS
❑ Is an aural or visual signal given by the annunciator to the security when intruders
actuate certain devices in a protected area. An annunciator is a visual or audible
signaling device, which initiates conditions of associated circuits.

❑ Basically, alarm systems are designed to alert security personnel of an attempted or

consummated intrusion into an area, building or compound. Each type of alarm is
activated in the event that an intruder tampers with the circuitry, a beam or radiated
waves. Alarms are also for fire, smoke, or other emergencies and presence of hazards.

THREE BASIC PARTS OF ALARM

1. Sensors
❑ Device that can sense an abnormal condition within the system and provide
a signal indicating the presence or nature of the abnormality
2. Circuit
❑ It is the communication channel that conveys the information from all sensors in the
system to the signal by means of wire, radio waves.
3. Signal
❑ The actual alarm may be audible or silent, a bell, buzzer, phone ringing, or flashing of
light.

TYPES OF PROTECTIVE ALARM

1. Central Station System

❑ Several separate compounds tie their alarm system to a central station so that in case of
need, the central station calls for assistance to the police, fire department, hospital or
with other government assisting units.
2. Proprietary System
❑ Similar to the central station type excepts that the proprietary console is located inside
the subscribers installation who owns or bases the system.
3. Auxiliary System
❑ An installation owned system which is a direct extension of the local enforcement agency
and/or fire department by special arrangements.
4. Local Alarm System
❑ Consists of rigging up a visual or audible alarm near the object to be protected. In case
of alarm, response will be made by the local guards and other personnel within sight or
hearing.

FIRE PROTECTION

FIRE ALARM - - Any visual or audible signal produced by a device or system to warn the
occupants of the building or fire fighting elements of the presence or danger of fire to enable
them to undertake immediate action to save life and property and to suppress the fire.

DEVICES
1. Smoke Detector - a device placed at the ceilings of the floor that detects smoke,
typically as an indicator of fire.
2. Fire Bell -a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound.

AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER
❑ A type of built in sprinkler which works by the increase of room temperature and which
automatically operates the system to put out the fire. Attached and distributed in the
ceiling of the rooms. These sprinklers will go into action once a fire starts, and those that
will open are those that are directly above the fire and water is delivered where it is
needed.
STANDPIPES
❑ Steel or plastic pipes located inside the building from the lowest to the top floor with
water under pressure for use in case of fire. Located near the standpipe is a fire hose
usually enclosed in a glass box.

FIRE HYDRANT
❑ It is a mechanical device strategically located in an installation or in a street where a fire
hose will be connected so that the water will be available to extinguish a fire.

FIRE EXTINGUISHER
❑ Is a firefighting equipment which can be a firefighting equipment which can be portable
or in a cart that is used to put out fire depending on the contents to extinguish certain
types of fire.

CLASSES OF FIRE
1. CLASS A FIRES
o Involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, and paper, requires
an extinguishing agent which cools. A water or multi-purpose dry chemical can be
used.
2. CLASS B
o Fires involving flammable and combustible liquids and gases, such as solvents,
greases, gasoline, and lubricating oil, require an extinguisher which removes oxygen
or cuts the chain reaction. Foam, carbon dioxide, and dry chemicals are effective.
3. CLASS C
o Fires involve energized electrical equipment (live electrical wires, electrical
appliances). A non-conducting extinguishing agent such as carbon dioxide or
multi-purpose dry chemical must be used.
4. CLASS D FIRES
o The result of the combustion of certain materials in finely divided forms. These
metals can be magnesium, potassium, powdered aluminum and zinc.

HOW TO OPERATE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

-If you need to use a fire extinguisher, remember the word P-A-S-S :

o PULL the pin - Fire extinguishers often have a pin, latch, or puncture lever that you need
to release first.
o AIM low - Aim the nozzle or hose of the extinguisher at the base of the fire.
o SQUEEZE the handle - This releases the extinguishing agent.
o SWEEP from side to side - Move in close, and sweep across the base of the fire. Watch
for re-flash of the fire.

ALARM DEVICES
1. Magnetic Door Contact -is a protective device usually placed in the door, and window
that can send notification when the opening and closure occurs
2. Vibration Contact – devices mounted on barriers and are used primarily to detect an
attack on the structure itself. When movement or vibration occurs, the unstable portion of
the circuit moves and breaks the current flow, which produces an alarm.
3. Passive Infrared Detector (PIR) or Motion Sensor –PIRs are able to distinguish if an
infrared emitting object is present by first learning the ambient temperature of the
monitored space and then detecting a change in the temperature caused by the
presence of an object.
4. Panic button -Often located under the counter, the button can be pressed in times of
distress (Such as robbery, disruptive or threatening behavior, or a situation which may
warrant assistance), triggering a silent alarm.
5. CCTV - A video monitoring system is more commonly known as Closed Circuit
Television Systems. A CCTV system is a system consisting of a television camera, video
monitor, and a transmission medium (Cable, fiber or wireless) connecting the two.
It is used to monitor the premises.

IP CAMERA
o IP based cameras work by turning images and audio into data then transmitting this data
over a network or Internet connection.
o IP cameras are a type of Closed Circuit Television Camera (CCTV) used for capturing
images and audio recordings in surveillance for homes and businesses.
 o The IP name stands for Internet Protocol, a system that allows the transmission of
images captured by a digital video recorder (DVR) to the end destination computers and
these components together make up a video security system.

PROTECTIVE LOCKS
LOCK – defined as a mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or electronic device designed to prevent
entry to a building or room.

Type of Locks
1. Key – Operated Lock
- It uses some sort of arrangement of internal physical barriers which prevent the lock from
operating unless they are properly aligned. The key is the device used to align these internal
barriers so that the lock may be operated.

PADLOCK – a portable and detachable lock having a pivoted or sliding hasp which possesses
through a staple ring, or the like and is made fast or secured.

2. Combination Lock – a lock that requires manipulation of parts according to a

predetermined combination code of numbers.
3. Card Operated Lock/Coded Lock – type of lock that can be opened by inserting a
coded card in a slot in the lock, or by pushing the correct button on the surface of the
lock.
4. Electronic Lock – type of lock that can be closed and opened remotely by electronic
means.

Biometrics
o A machine that can be used for identification of humans by their characteristics or traits.
o It is used as a form of identification and access control.
o It is equipped with a recording device that can identify the person operating the lock and
the time it was operated.

Key Control
o Defined as the management of keys in a plant or business organization to prevent
unauthorized individual access to the keys.

o Change Key - a key to a single lock

o Sub-Master Key - a key that can open all locks within a particular area or grouping.
o Master Key – a special key capable of opening a series of locks
o Grand Master Key – a key that can open everything in a system involving two or more
master key groups.

Peterman
o A term used in England for lock picker, safecrackers, and penetrators of restricted areas
or rooms.

False Key
o Genuine key stolen from the owner

Physical Barrier

❑ Is defined as any structure or physical device capable of restricting, deterring and

delaying unauthorized , or illegal, access into an installation.

HUMAN BARRIER
Security guard
o Is any natural person who offers or renders personal service to watch or guard
residential or business premises or both, government and/or their premises for hire and
compensation.

o Security Supervisor – Is charged with directing the work and observing the behavioral
performance of the guard under his unit.
Protective barriers are divided into five (5) categories:

1. Human barrier, like guards, employees

2. Animal barrier, like dog, geese
3. Natural barriers , which are natural features, like river, cliff, mountain, ravine, forest, etc
that delay or make the entry of the Intruder more difficult.
4. Energy barrier, like electrical or electronic devices used to provide assistance to security
personnel/guards, i.e protective lighting, alarm system, etc
5. Structural barriers, which are man-made features that tend to delay the Intruder, such as
walls, doors, gates, fences, locks, etc.

ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF SECURITY GUARD FORCE

Republic Act 5487, as amended – The Private Security Agency Law, approved on June 13,
1969.

2003 Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of RA 5487, as amended,

PNP SOSIA – Philippine National Police Supervisory Office for Security Investigation Agency –
office under the Civil Security Group which is charged with the supervision, direction and control
of all security agencies in the Republic.

WHO MAY ORGANIZE AND MAINTAIN PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY AND PRIVATE
DETECTIVE AGENCY

❑ Any Filipino citizen or corporation, association, partnership, one hundred percent of

which is owned and controlled by Filipino citizens.

BASIC REQUIREMENT OF AN OPERATOR OR MANAGER OF SECURITY AGENCY

a. Filipino citizen;
b. Not be less than twenty five (25) years of age;
c. College graduate and/or a commissioned officer in the inactive service or retired
from the AFP or PNP;
d. Has taken a course/seminar on Industrial Security Management and/or must
have adequate training or experience in security business,
e. Good moral character;
f. Having no previous record of conviction of crime or offense involving moral
turpitude.

QUALIFICATIONS OF SECURITY GUARD OR WATCHMAN

1. Filipino citizen;
2. High School graduate;
3. Physically and mentally fit;
4. At least eighteen (18) years of age but not more than fifty (50) years old;
5. Has undergone Pre-Licensing course or its equivalent.
6. Veterans and retired military/police personnel honorably discharged including
graduates of ROTC advance (or its equivalent in the PNP) are exempted
from the required Basic-Licensing Training.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR SECURITY OFFICER

1. Filipino citizen;
2. Holder of a Baccalaureate Degree;
3. Physically and mentally fit;
4. Has graduated from a Security Officer Training Course or its equivalent

QUALIFICATIONS OF SECURITY CONSULTANT

1. Filipino citizen;
2. Physically and mentally fit;
3. Holder of Masters degree either in Criminology, Public Administration, MNSA,
Industrial Security Administration, or Law
 4. Must have at least ten (10) years experience in the operation and management of
security business.

PRIVATE DETECTIVE

o Any person who does detective work for hire, reward or commission, other than
members of the AFP, BJMP, PNP or any other law enforcement agencies.

QUALIFICATIONS OF A PRIVATE DETECTIVE

1. Filipino citizen;
2. Physically and mentally fit;
3. Holder of baccalaureate degree, preferably Bachelor of Laws or Bachelor of Science
in Criminology;
4. Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course offered by the PNP or NBI or any police
training school, or a detective training in any authorized/recognized training center;
5. Advance ROTC/CMT graduate or its equivalent

DISQUALIFICATIONS

1. Having previous record of any conviction of any crime;

2. Having previous record of any conviction of any offense involving moral turpitude;
3. Having been dishonorably discharged or separated from employment or service;
3. Being a mental incompetent;
4. Being addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs, and
5. Being a habitual drunkard
6. Dummy of a foreigner

MORAL TURPITUDE
o It is an act of baseness, vileness or depravity in the private and social duties which a
man owes to his fellowmen or to society in general, contrary to the accepted and
customary rule of right and duty between a man and man.
o Conduct that is considered contrary to community standards of justice, honesty and
good morals.
o Examples . Rape, Forgery, Robbery

TYPES OF SECURITY GUARD FORCE

1. Company Guard Force – security force maintained and operated by any private
company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to watch, secure and guard its
establishment.

2. Security Agency service – security guard belonging to privately licensed agency

(contractual basis);
3. Government Guard Forces –security unit maintained and operated by any government
entity other than military or police.

POSSESSION OF FIREARMS
1. One (1) firearm for every two (2) security guards;
2. Private security agency/private detective agency/company security force/government
security force shall not be allowed to possess firearms in excess of five hundred
(500) units.
3. Shotguns not higher than 12 gauge
4. Weapons with bores not bigger than cal .22 to include pistols and revolvers with
bores bigger than cal .38

Exemptions: in areas where there is an upsurge of lawlessness and criminality as determined

by the Chief PNP, Regional Office or their authorized representative, they may be allowed to
acquire, possess and use high powered firearms.
NUMBERS OF SECURITY PERSONNEL TO BE MAINTAINED TO SECURE REGULAR
LICENSE TO OPERATE

1. Private Security Agency – minimum of two hundred (200) licensed private security
personnel and a maximum of one thousand (1,000).

2. Company Guard Force/Private Detective Agency – minimum of thirty (30) and a

maximum of One thousand (1,000)

LIMITATION IN THE CARRYING OF FIREARMS

1. No firearm shall be borne nor be in the possession of any private security personnel
except when in actual performance of duty, in the prescribed uniform, in the place
and time so specified in the Duty Detail Order (DDO).
2. Shall be carried only within the compound of the establishment where he is assigned
to guard.
3. While escorting big amount of cash or valuable outside of its jurisdiction or area of
operation, private security agency shall issue an appropriate Duty Detail Order to the
security personnel concerned

Duty Detail Order (DDO) – is a written order/schedule issued by a superior officer usually the
private security agency/branch manager or operations officer assigning the performance of
private security/detective services duties.

o DDO for the purpose of post duties not requiring transport of firearms outside of the
physical compound or property of a client or client establishment shall be issued for not
more than a thirty (30) days duration

CLASSIFICATION OF TRAINING AND ITS DURATION

1. Basic Security Guard Course (Pre-Licensing Course) – 150 hours;
2. Re-Training Course- 48 hours;
3. Security Officers Training Course – 300 hours
4. Basic Security Supervisory Course – 48 hours

❑ All Licenses to Operate have a validity of Two (2) years;

❑ All applications for renewal of License to operate (LTO) shall be filed at least sixty (60)
days before the expiry date of LTO;
❑ No application shall be approved unless a certification is issued by FED-CSG to the
effect that all licenses of firearms of the agency are updated/renewed for at least one (1)
year forthcoming during the validity of the renewed LTO.

Approval, Cancellation, Suspension of LTO

Chief PNP
❑ -Approval of New Regular LTO
❑ -Cancellation of Regular LTO
❑ -Re-instatement of Regular LTO
❑ -Suspension of Regular LTO

Director Civil Security Group

❑ Renewal of Regular LTO
❑ Approval of Temporary LTO
❑ Reversion of Regular to Temporary LTO
❑ Cancellation of Temporary LTO
❑ Suspension of Temporary LTO

SURETY BOND
❑ Agency with 1 -199 guards – P50,000.00
❑ Agency with 200-499 guards – P100,000.00
❑ Agency with 500-799 guards – P150,000.00
 ❑ Agency with 800-1000 guards – P200,000.00

STOCKING OF AMMUNITION
1. Stocks of ammunition in the agency shall not exceed fifty (50) rounds of ammunition
per unit of duly licensed firearms.
2. Individual issues to each security guard shall be limited to twenty five (25) rounds for
every security guard.

CONFISCATION OF FIREARMS OF SECURITY GUARD

1. When the firearm is about to be used in the commission of a crime;
2. When the firearm is actually being used in the commission of a crime;
3. When the firearm has just been used in the commission of a crime;
4. When the firearm being carried by the security guard is unlicensed or a firearm is not
authorized by law and regulation for his use;
5. When the confiscation of the firearm is directed by the order of the court;
6. When the firearm is used or carried outside the property, compound or establishment
serviced by the agency without proper authority; or
7. When a security guard does not possess any license to exercise his profession.
a. In all the above cases, the confiscating officer shall inform the agency concerned
immediately.

REVOCATION OF LICENSE TO POSSESS FIREARM

1. Failure to submit any issued firearm for verification as required;
2. Carrying firearms by security personnel without appropriate Duty Detail Order;
3. When the firearm serial number has been duplicated on another firearm or using one
firearms license for more than one firearm other than those stipulated in the license;
4. Carrying of firearms outside of the place stated in the permit or in places prohibited
under the law;
5. When the firearm was reported lost.

SECURITY PERSONNEL RANKS, POSITIONS, STAFFING PATTERN AND JOB

DESCRIPTION
1. Security Management Staff
1.1 Security Director (SD) –Agency Manager/Chief Security Officer – responsible for
the entire operation and administration/management of the security agency.
1.2 Security Executive Director (SED) – Assistant Agency Manager/Asst. Chief
Security Officer – Assist the Security Director
1.3 Security Staff Director (SSD) – Staff Director for Operation and Staff Director for
Administration
a. >The Staff Director for operation -assistant of the security manager for the
efficient operation of the agency.
b. >The Staff Director for Administration - is the staff assistant of the agency
manager for the effective and efficient administration and management of the
agency.
c. 1.4Security Staff Director for Training- Staff in charge for Training –
responsible for the training of the Agency’s security personnel

2. Line Leadership Staff

2.1 Security Supervisor 3 – Detachment Commander – is the field or area commander
of the agency;
2.2 Security Supervisor 2 – Chief Inspector – responsible for inspecting the entire area
covered by the detachment;
2.3 Security Supervisor 1 – Inspector – responsible for the area assigned by the Chief
Inspector or the Detachment Commander.

3. Security guard
3.1 Security Guard 1 – Watchman/guard- the one actually posted as watchman and or
guard
3.2 Security Guard 2 – Shift in- charge – responsible for the security officers who are
scheduled in a certain shift for a particular period
3.3 Security Guard 3 – Post in- charge –responsible for the entire detailed security
office within a certain establishment.

Note: Security Agency operator/manager/owner can put its own staffing pattern provided
it is consistent with the provisions of IRR of RA 5487.
ADVANTAGES OF COMPANY GUARD FORCE
1. High caliber and receives higher salary;
2. Provides better service;
3. Can be trained to handle some of the more complex security duties;
4. More familiar with facilities they protect;
5. Tend to be more loyal with the company.

DISADVANTAGES:
a. May be required to join the union;
b. Cost more;
c. Problem of ensuring availability of back-up personnel.

ADVANTAGES OF AGENCY GUARD SERVICES

1. Less expensive;
2. Use is convenient;
3. Less administrative and personnel problems;
4. Agency assumes full responsibility for the scheduling and supervising of all guard
personnel
5. Can easily obtain extra guard if needed;
6. Agency easily usually accepts liability of civil suits.

DISADVANTAGES:
1. Lack of training, low caliber employee;
2. No loyalty to the company;
3. Large turnover
4. Not familiar with facilities

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF SECURITY GUARD

1. Alertness – being watchful in spotting violator, a person, a vehicle or an incident;
2. Judgment – sound and good judgment to arrive at wise and timely decisions;
3. Confidence – faith in oneself and his abilities;
4. Physical Fitness – always in a condition to render effective service even under the most
strenuous conditions;
5. Tactfulness – ability to deal with others successfully without offending;
6. Self Control – ability to take hold of oneself regardless of a provoking situation.

GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF A SECURITY GUARD

1. Enforce company rules and regulations;
2. Operate and enforce the personnel identification system;
3. Patrol and observe designated areas, perimeter, structures, installation;
4. Take into custody a person attempting or giving unauthorized access in restricted, limited
and controlled areas
5. Check rooms, buildings, storage rooms of security interest and after working hours,
check proper locking of doors and gates.
6. Perform escort duties when required;
7. Respond to alarm signals or other indications suspicious activities and emergencies;
8. Safeguard equipment and material against sabotage, unauthorized access, loss, theft or
damage;
9. At quickly in situations affecting the security of installation and personnel, to fire
accidents, internal disorder, attempts to commit criminal acts;
10. Control and regulate vehicle and personnel traffic within the compound as well as
parking of vehicle;
11. Other duties that is necessary in the security guard function;

POWER AND DUTIES OF SECURITY GUARD

1. Territorial Power
❑ A security guard shall watch and secure the property of the person, firm or
establishment with whom he or his agency has a contract for security services.
Such services shall not extend beyond the property or compound of said person,
firm or establishment except when required by the latter in accordance with the
terms of their contract, or in hot pursuit of criminal offenders.

2. Arrest by Security Guard

 ❑ A security guard or private detective is not a police officer and is not, therefore,
clothed with police authority. However, he may arrest a person under the
circumstances mentioned in Section 5, Rule 113, Revised Rules of Criminal
Procedure.

3. Search without Warrant

❑ Any security guard may, incident to the arrest, search the person so arrested in
the presence of at least two (2) witnesses. He may search employees of the firm
or establishment with which he or his agency has a contract, when such search is
required by the very nature of the business of the person, firm or establishment.

DUTIES DURING STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS

a. All private security personnel in direct confrontation with strikers, marchers or

demonstrators shall not carry firearms. They may carry only night sticks (batons) which
may or may not be provided with a tear gas canister and dispenser. Security personnel
not in direct confrontation with the strikers may carry in the usual prescribed manner
their issued firearm.
b. Private Security personnel shall avoid direct contact either physically or otherwise with
the strikers;

c. They shall stay only within the perimeter of the installation which they are protecting at
all times;
d. In protecting and securing the assets and persons of their clients, shall only use
sufficient and reasonable force necessary to overcome the risk or danger posed by
strikers or hostile crowds.
e. They shall refrain from abetting or assisting acts of management leading to physical
clash of forces between labor and management.
f. They must at all times be in complete uniform with their names and agency’s name
shown on their shirts above the breast pockets.

FUNCTIONS OF A PRIVATE DETECTIVE

1. Background Investigation;
2. Locating missing person;
3. Conduct surveillance work;
4. Such other detective work as may become the subject matter of contract between the
agency and its clients. Except not contrary to law, public order, public policy morale and
good custom.

POWERS OF CITY, MUNICIPAL MAYORS IN CASE OF EMERGENCY

❑ In case of emergency or in times of disaster or calamity when the services of any
security agency/entity and his personnel are needed. The city or municipal
mayor, may muster or incorporate the members of the agency or agencies
nearest the area of such disaster or calamity to help in the maintenance of peace
and order, prevention of crime, or apprehension of violators of laws and
ordinance, and in the protection of lives and properties.
❑ They shall receive direct orders from the Chief of Police of the city or municipality
for the duration of the emergency, disaster or calamity.

SUPERVISION OF THE PNP

❑ In case of emergency or in times of disaster or calamities, the Chief, PNP may deputize
any security guard to assist the PNP in the performance of police duties for the duration
of such emergency, disaster or calamity. Licensed guards, who are actually assigned to
clients with DDO, shall be deputized by the Chief, PNP, and clothed with authority to
enforce laws, rules and regulations within his area of responsibility.

INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRIVATE SECURITY PERSONNEL AND MEMBERS OF

THE PNP

1. Private security personnel are always subordinate to members of the PNP on matters
pertaining to law enforcement and crime prevention. They cannot enforce any provision
of the law except in executing citizen’s arrest and/or conducting initial investigation of a
commission of a crime. In such cases, any arrested person shall be turned over
immediately to the nearest PNP unit/station.
 2. Criminal investigation is the responsibility of the PNP. All results of the initial investigation
conducted by the private security personnel and all evidence gathered by them shall be
turned over to the PNP unit/station concerned as a matter of course without delay.

GROUNDS FOR CANCELLATION OF SECURITY GUARD LICENSE

1. Assisting or protecting criminals during on or off duty status;
2. Providing confidential information to unauthorized person;
3. Posted security guard found drunk or drinking intoxicating liquor; and
4. Other similar acts

DEFINITION OF DOCUMENT

❑ Any material that contains marks, symbols, or signs, either visible, partially visible or
completely invisible that may be presently or ultimately convey a meaning or message to
someone.

CLASSIFY
❑ Refers to the act of assigning to information or material one of the four security
classification categories after determination has been made that the information requires
the security protection as provided for in the regulation;

SECURITY CLEARANCE
❑ Is an administrative determination that an individual is eligible from a security standpoint
for access to classified matter of a specific category;

COMPARTMENTATION
❑ Refers to the grant of access to classified matter only to properly cleared persons when
such classified information is required in the performance of their official duties, and
restricting it to specific physical confine when feasible.

NEED TO KNOW
❑ Term given to the requirement that the dissemination of classified matters be limited
strictly to those persons whose official duties require knowledge thereof.

SECURITY OF CLASSIFIED MATTER

CLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS
-Memorandum Circular No. 196, dated 07/19/1968 (Security of Classified Matter in government
offices.)

1. TOP SECRET – any information and material, the unauthorized disclosure of which
would cause exceptionally grave damage to the nation, politically, economically or
militarily;
2. SECRET- any information and material, the unauthorized disclosure of which would
endanger national security, cause serious injury to the interest or prestige of the nation
or any governmental activity.
3. CONFIDENTIAL – any information and materials, the unauthorized disclosure of which
would be prejudicial to the interest or prestige of the nation or governmental activity or
would cause administrative embarrassment or unwarranted injury.
4. RESTRICTED – any information and material which requires special protection other
than those determined to be Confidential, Secret, and Top Secret matters.

METHOD OF TRANSMISSION
1. By direct contact of officer or personnel concerned;
2. By official courier;
3. Electrical means in cryptographic form
4. Registered Mail

DESTRUCTION
1. Burning
2. Shredding

STORAGE
 ❑ Shall be in a safe, steel filing cabinet with built in dial type combination lock of such
weight, size and construction as to minimize the possibility of physical theft or damage to
fire.

OPERATIONAL SECURITY
❑ Part of physical security that deals primarily with the protection of processes, formulas,
patents, and other industrial and manufacturing activities from espionage, infiltration,
loss, compromise or photocopying;

INFORMATION CYCLE
1. The Creation – Information is discovered and develop;
2. Used – Some action is take with the information;
3. Storage and Retrieval – Stored for future use;
4. Transfer – transferring of information from active to inactive use;
5. Disposition – decision may be made to retain the information indefinitely.

KINDS OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION

PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
❑ information which in some special way is related to the status, operations or activities of
the possessor over which the possessor asserts ownership.

TRADE SECRETS
❑ It may consist of any formula, pattern, device or compilation of information which is used
in one’s business and which gives one opportunity to gain an advantage over
competitors who do not know or use it.

PATENT
❑ A grant given by the government to an inventor, conveying and securing to him the
exclusive rights to make, use and sell his invention for a term of twenty (20) years.

LAW ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES [Republic Act No. 8293]

Approved on June 6, 1997

“AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY CODE AND ESTABLISHING

THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE, PROVIDING FOR ITS POWERS AND
FUNCTIONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES”

THREAT TO PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION

Competitive Intelligence – systematic program for gathering and analyzing information about
competitor’s activities and general business trends to further company’s goals.

Types of Competitive Intelligence

1. White – information available from company publication, public records or
commercial reporting sources;
2. Gray – not readily available but which is usually can be obtained without acquiring
any civil/criminal liability in the process.
3. Black – obtained through clearly unethical or illegal means.

TYPES OF DOCUMENTS
❑ Class I – Vital Document – This is an irreplaceable records , reproduction of which
does not have the same value as the original;
❑ Class II – Important Document- This is a record, reproduction of which causes
considerable expense and labor, or considerable delay.
❑ Class III – Useful Document – This is a record, the loss of which may cause
inconvenience but could be readily replaced and may not present insurmountable
obstacle to the prompt restoration of the business;
❑ Class IV- Non essential Document – This record may include daily files, routine in
nature, lost of which will not affect the organization.
STORAGE
 1. SAFE – a metallic container used for safekeeping of documents or small items in the
office or installation.
2. VAULT – a heavily constructed fire and burglar resistant container usually part of the
building structure used to keep and protect cash, documents and negotiable
instruments.
3. FILE ROOM – a cubicle in a building constructed a little lighter than a vault but of bigger
size to accommodate limited people to work on the records inside,

PERSONNEL SECURITY
❑ Refers to the procedure followed, inquiries conducted, and criteria applied to determine
the work suitability of a particular applicant or the retention of a particular employee.

PURPOSE
1. To ensure that hired employees are best suited to assist the organization in achieving its
mission and vision;
2. To assist in providing the necessary security to the employees while they carry out their
functions.

PERSONNEL SECURITY INVESTIGATION (PSI)

❑ It is an inquiry into the character, reputation, discretion, integrity, morals, and loyalty of
an individual in order to determine a person’s suitability for appointment or access to
classified matter.

TYPES OF PSI
❑ National Agency Check
❑ Local Agency Check
❑ Partial Background Investigation
❑ Complete Background Investigation

BACKGROUND INVESTIGATION (BI)

❑ It is an inquiry which aims to verify applicant’s information written at the applicant's form,
to ascertain his/her past employment experiences and to obtain other information
pertinent to the decision to employ.

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE CONDUCT OF BI

1. Loyalty – faithful allegiance to the Philippine government and its duly constitutional
authorities;
2. Integrity – uprightness in character, soundness of moral principle, freedom from moral
delinquencies.
3. Discretion – the ability or tendency to act or to decide with prudence, the habit of wise
judgment;
4. Morals – distinctive identifying qualities which serve as an index to the essential or
intrinsic nature of a person;
5. Character – the sum of traits that have been impressed by nature, education and habit
upon the individual;
6. Reputation – opinion or estimation in which one is generally held. It is what a person is
reported to be whereas character is what a person is.

INVESTIGATIVE COVERAGE
1. Prior Employment;
2. Claimed education;
3. Claimed residence for the period covered in the employment and educational institutes;
4. If the candidate indicates a criminal record, then the details should be checked.

INVESTIGATIVE STANDARDS
a. Information sought should be relevant;
b. Information should be reliable;
c. If unfavorable, the information should be confirmed by at least two sources.