#2 lesson HUMAN DEV BY DOC
SOMBILLA------------
------Theories of development----
● FREUDIAN THEORY
-body centereed or broady “sexual drives”
● ERIKSON’S THEORY
-emerging personality
● PIAGET THEORY
-cognitive
● KOHLBERG- moral and ethical
—---CLASSIC STAGE THEORIES—--------------
—--SIGMUND FREUD—------------------
- Father of PSYCHOANALYSIS
- Australian
-ID (INSTINCT)
-EGO (reality) develop during infancy:
Ego is made to satisfy the demands of id in a
safe and socially acceptable way.
-SUPEREGO(morality):
Develops during early childhood ( when child
identifies with the same sex parent), operate on
morality principles and motivates us to behave
socially responsible
-LIBIDO- children are born with, sexual
(pleasure)
—--FREUD ( AFFECTIVE DIMENSION)--------------
I. ORAL (0-2 years old)
-impulses,drives & other internal forces are
expanded in ensuring survival
-issues revolve around love,care,food, contact,
dependency nurturance.
II. ANAL( 1-3 YEARS)
-define emerging self & how it relates to other
- Issue: control, power, limit, boundaries, territories
III. OEDIPAL (3-7 years)- PHALLIC
-defines relationship “self
-Issue: boyness, girlness
IV. LATENLY- prep for adolescent
V. GENITAL (11-20years old)
—------ERIK ERIKSON—----------------------------------
-german born american
-PSYCHOSOCIAL
-university of vienna
-FATHER OF IDENTITY CRISIS
—- ERIKSON STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT —-----
I. TRUST & MISTRUST (0-1)
-Infant is uncertain about the world thus live
-favorable→ optimism
-trust→hope; mistrust-> loss confidence in the
word→ anxiety.
II. AUTONOMY VS SHAME & DOUBT
(3-7 YEARS OLD)
-acknowledge child’s beginning independence of
dev of skills and abilities
e.g WALKING
-allow to explore,support their independence,
never criticize for failure
III. INITIATIVE VS GUILT ( 3-7 YEARS
OLD)
-task of the child- acknowledge that not
only is the child aware of himself but
what he can do and become
IV. INDUSTRY VS INFERIORITY (7-11)
- create relationship that provides
acquisition of skills and learning
V. IDENTIFY VS ROLE CONFUSION
(11-12) adolescent
-what is the child wants to be and become
- a reintegrated sense of self, of what one
wants to do or to be, & of on’es sex role
appropriate
-FIDELITY: being able to commit oneself &
others on the basis of accepting others.
 VI. INTIMACY VS ISOLATION (18-40)
-young adulthood I. SENSORIMOTOR (0-2 YEARS)
-begin to share selves more intimately with -children exp the world and gain knowledge
others through their senses & motor movement
-success in this stage will lead to virtue of -utilize skills and abilities they were born with
LOVE -OBJECT PERMANENCE- imp
VII. GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION - accomplishment in this stage
middle adulthood (40-65) II. PRE-OPERATIONAL ( 2-7 years)
-established career -external world is represented by SYMBOLS.
-success in this stage—> VIRTUE OF CARE -EGOCENTRISM- refers to the child inability to
VIII. EGO INTEGRITY VS. DESPAIR understand other but just his own
(senior citizen: 65 and above) -language doesnt promote cog dev but cog dev
-slow down our productive,explore life as a promotes language
retired person III. OPERATIONAL CONCRETE(7-11)
-success→ VIRTUE OF WISDOM -thinking op are fully established
- WISDOM- enables a person to look back on -concrete & mono
their lives with sense of completeness IV. OPERATIONAL FORMAL (11- ADULT)
-multi-levelled thinking- can now operationalize
—-----------JEAN PIAGET—-------------------------- -can now make “if and then- can do math
-Aug 1896- Sep 1980 —-----------LAWRENCE KOHLBERG—-----------
-Switzerland -MORAL dimension
-PIAGET (1936)- 1st PSYCHOLOGIST to I. STAGE 1, PRE-MORAL (0-6M)
make a systematic study -stage of gratification (e.g I WANT IT NOW)
-Different from others: II. STAGE 2, PREMORAL(6-12 M)
-concerned with children,rather than all III. STAGE 3, PREMORAL (1- 3 YEARS
learners OLD)
-focuses on development -morality
-it proposes — stages of development -power
-GOAL: to exp the mechanism & processes by -might is right
which infant IV. NAIVE INSTRUMENTAL HEDONISM(
- to piaget- cognitive development: was a 3-7 YEARS OLD)
progressive reorganization of mental processes -eye for an eye
V. STAGE 5 CONFORMITY (7-9)
------PIAGET COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT—-- - Approval from others
VI. LAW AND ORDER ( 9-12 )
-respect for authorities
VII. FIRST STAGE OF TRUE MORALITY
(12-18 YEARS OLD)
VIII. TRUE MORALITY (18-21 YEARS OLD)
-religious orientation