High Sea Treaty

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BHUGOL CHINTA O PROTIFOLON GROUP, UGC NET GUIDE CONTACT:
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8512935310, ARIJIT MONDAL
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first 'High Seas Treaty in a bid to protect ocean bodies of the world
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UN inks
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The United Nations(UN) inked the first 'High Seas Treaty' in a bid to
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protect the ocean bodies of the world that lie outside the national boundaries
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and form almost two-thirds of the world's oceans.
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The high seas are defined by international law as all parts of the ocean that
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aren't included in the exclusive economic zone, the territorial sea, or the internal
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waters of a country, or in the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic country
This essentially means that the high seas and associated resources are not
directly owned or regulated by any country.
Freedom of the high seas is now recognized to include freedom of navigation,
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fishing, the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, and overflight of aircraft.
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More About The High Seas Treaty:
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The treaty is an
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UNCLOS Maritime Zones
outcome of a
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decade of talks Territorial
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Sea
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on this Base Line 200 NM
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12 NM 24 NM
environmental
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Archipelagic Territorial Contiguous
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Concern. Waters Waters Zone

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The previous
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High Seas
negotiations
failed to Exclusive Economic Zone
conclude due to
disagreements Continental Shelf
/9382849898 on funding and (200 NM to 350 NM)

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fishing rights. (Depending on different conditions)
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The last international agreement on ocean protection was signed 40 89

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years ago in 1982 the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. AL/93828
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What is the UN High Seas Treaty:

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The treaty will create a new body to manage the conservation of marine
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life and establish marine protected areas in the high seas. Also referred to
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as the 'Paris Agreement for the Ocean', the treaty to dealwith Biodiversity
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Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) ARIJ

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The Extent of The UN's High Seas Treaty:
The UN High Seas Treaty now brings 30 percent of the world's oceans into
the protected domain, puts more money into marine conservation and sets
new rules for mining at sea. 9382849898 /9382849898
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Need of the High Seas Treaty:
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Previously these water bodies were open for fishing, shipping and to
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conduct research and only about 1 percent of these waters also known
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as high seas were under protection which left the marine lives in these
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waters at high risk of exploitation from threats including climate
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change, overfishing and shipping traffic.
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As per the red data book of the International Union for Conservation of
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Nature (lUCN), nearly 10 percent of marine species, were found to be
at risk of extinction. Further, the IUCN estimates that 41 percent of the
threatened species are also affected by climate change.
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National International
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Airspacee Airspace NDAL/9
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24 nm
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12 nm
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Land Territorial Contiguous High
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Sea Zone
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Seas
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B -Exclusive Economic Zone- IT

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200 nm-
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The
N deep
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Continental Shelf-
E sea
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The Aim of The High Seas Treaty:
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The High Seas Treaty now places 30 percent of the world's

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international waters into protected areas (MPAs) by 2030.

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The treaty aims to protect against potential impacts like deep sea
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mining. This is the process of collecting minerals from the ocean bed.
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The treaty amongst other things will put a restriction on how much
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fishing can be done on the high seas.

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According to the International Seabed Authority that oversees

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licensing any future activity in the deep seabed will be subject to strict
environmental regulations and oversight to ensure that they are carried
out sustainably and responsibly.
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What Are High Seas:
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The ocean surface and the water column beyond the EEZ are referred
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to as the high seasS
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It is considered as "the common heritage of all mankind" and is
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beyond any national jurisdiction.
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States can conduct activities in these areas as long as they are for
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peaceful purposes, such as transit, marine science, and undersea
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exploration.
Need of the Treaty
The U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea came into force in 1994, before marine
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93828498 biodiversity was a well-established concept. Many marine species- including
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dolphins, whales, sea turtles and many fish-make long annual migrations, crossing
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national borders and the high seas. The Treaty is critical to achieve the Kunming-
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Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the so-called 30x30' pledge to protect a
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third of the world's biodiversity-on land and sea by 2030 made by a historic UN
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conference in Montreal in December 2022.
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The treaty will help conserve biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction
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BBNJ) that lie outside countries' 322-kilometre exclusive economic zones.
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Territorial Sea: The belt of territorial waters, together with the seabed and IT
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subsoil beneath it and the airspace above, is under the sovereignty of the coastal
state.
As per the UNCLOS, the territorial sea is a belt of coastal waters that extends from the baseline
to 12 nautical miles.
/9382849898 It is a sovereign territory of the state. DAL/9382849898

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However, foreign ships, both civilian and military, are permitted 'innocent passage
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through it.
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The sovereignty also includes the seabed below and the airspace above.
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The EEZ starts at the edge of the territorial sea.

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*Contiguous Zone
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The contiguous zone extends from the edge of the territorial sea to 24 nautical miles from the
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baseline, i.e., a further 12 nautical miles from the territorial sea.

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It is a part of the EEZ. In this zone, states have limited control

order to curb or penalise
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the infringement of its customs, immigration, sanitary, or fiscal laws within its territorial
sea.
Only in four areas, it can enforce laws: taxation, customs, pollution and immigration.
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High Sea Treaty

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High Sea Treaty

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9382849898 2849898

Concern. Waters Waters Zone

/9382849898 on funding and (200 NM to 350 NM)

The last international agreement on ocean protection was signed 40 89

What is the UN High Seas Treaty:

Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) ARIJ

The Extent of The UN's High Seas Treaty:

Outer Space 2849898

B -Exclusive Economic Zone- IT

The High Seas Treaty now places 30 percent of the world's

international waters into protected areas (MPAs) by 2030.

fishing can be done on the high seas.

According to the International Seabed Authority that oversees

/9382849898 9382849898 9382849898

Need of the Treaty

/9382849898 It is a sovereign territory of the state. DAL/9382849898

The EEZ starts at the edge of the territorial sea.

baseline, i.e., a further 12 nautical miles from the territorial sea.

It is a part of the EEZ. In this zone, states have limited control

/9382849898 868678z886 9382849898

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