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Model Building Guide: Biochemistry
Model Building Guide: Biochemistry
Model Building Guide: Biochemistry
BIOCHEMISTRY
Models
will
be
used
to
visualize
carbohydrates,
lipids,
and
proteins.
Materials
needed
per
group:
Atom-‐
the
smallest
unit
of
all
matter.
*
12
Black,
Carbon
atoms
Element-‐
pure
substance
containing
only
one
type
of
atom.
*
26
White,
Hydrogen
atoms
Molecule-‐
two
or
more
atoms
chemically
combined,
or
bonded.
*
12
Red,
Oxygen
atoms
*
2
Blue,
Nitrogen
atoms
The
formula
for
this
molecule
is
____________.
Compound-‐
a
substance
made
of
two
or
more
elements
chemically
bonded.
*
48
Short
tubes,
Electron
single
bonds
*
6
Long
tubes,
Electron
double
bonds
BONDING:
Carbon
has
____
valence
electrons
and
can
make
____
single
bonds.
• There
are
_______________
and
________________
bonds.
• Ionic
Bonds
Hydrogen
has
____
valence
electrons
and
can
make
____
single
bonds.
o ____________________________________________
• Covalent
Bonds
Oxygen
has
____
valence
electrons
and
can
make
_____
single
bonds.
o ____________________________________________
Nitrogen
has
____
valence
electrons
and
can
make
____
single
bonds.
H
O
H
2
27
The
Molecules
of
Life
UNIT
REFLECTION
Name:
_________________________
• The
most
common
elements
in
living
things
are
________________,
________________,
________________,
and
__________________.
On
a
scale
of
1
to
5,
with
1
being
poor
and
5
being
excellent,
rate
your…
• These
four
elements
constitute
about
______%
of
your
body
weight.
1. Understanding
of
the
content.
• _________________
chemistry
is
the
study
of
carbon
compounds.
1
2
3
4
5
• Carbon
has
_____
electrons
so
it
can
form
_______________
bonds
2. Effort
to
participate
in
and
complete
classwork.
by
sharing
these
electrons.
1
2
3
4
5
• Carbon
can
also
bond
to
other
another
carbon
in
a
______________,
3. Involvement
in
group
work.
______________,
or
___________________bond.
1
2
3
4
5
• The
_______________
of
an
organic
molecule
determines
its
function.
What
was
your
favorite
part
of
this
unit?
• _______________
groups
give
different
properties
to
the
organic
___________________________________________________________
compound
to
which
they
attach.
___________________________________________________________
• Write
the
formula
for
the
following
functional
groups:
What
was
your
least
favorite
part
of
this
unit?
1. Hydroxyl
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. Carbonyl
How
would
you
improve
this
unit?
___________________________________________________________
3. Carboxyl
___________________________________________________________
How
much
work
did
you
do
outside
of
class?
Be
honest!
4. Amino
What
did
you
spend
the
most
time
on?
___________________________________________________________
• Large
organic
molecules
are
called
_________________________.
___________________________________________________________
26
3
Function(s)?
2. Lipids
What
are
they?
Function(s)?
3. Proteins
What
are
they?
Function(s)?
4. Nucleic
Acid
What
are
they?
Function(s)?
4
25
1.
_____________________________________
Chemical
formula:
______________
Where?
fruits
2.
_____________________________________
Chemical
formula:
______________
Where?
plants
3.
_____________________________________
Chemical
formula:
______________
Where?
milk
• Lipids are made from the following atoms: 1. Give three functions for proteins in the body.
_____
C
_____
H
______
O
(____:____:______)
2. __________________
are
the
monomers
that
make
up
proteins.
• Lipids
are
_____________,
meaning
they
___________
water.
3. The
twenty
amino
acids
are
made
of
the
following
atoms:
FUNCTION
______,
_______,
_______,
_______,
_______
• The
primary
function
of
lipids
in
the
body:
_______________
4. Amino
Acids
are
central
carbons
bonded
to
four
different
• Do
lipids
store
more
or
less
energy
than
carbohydrates?
Why?
groups.
Fill
in
the
following
image.
• What
are
some
other
functions
of
lipids?
____________________________________________________
STRUCTURE
• Lipids
are
composed
of
two
types
of
subunits
1. Glycerols
a. Glycerols
are
the
_______________
of
the
lipid.
5. Amino
acid
chains
are
amino
acids
linked
together
with
b. Other
parts
of
the
lipid
branch
off
these
carbons.
______________________
bonds.
When
two
amino
acids
are
2. Fatty
Acids
linked,
___________
is
removed.
This
is
called
dehydration
a. A
long
chain
of
_____________
and
__________,
synthesis.
called
a
_______________________
chain.
6. When
two
amino
acids
are
linked,
the
molecule
is
called
a
• The monomers (building blocks) that make up lipids are called ______peptide. ______-‐ means two.
____________________________. Mono-‐ means __________. 7. When many amino acids are linked, the molecule is called a
• The most commonly occurring lipids, called _______________, ______________________. ________-‐ means many.
have ______ fatty acids bonded to a lone glycerol molecule. 8. What is the test can we can use to find out whether or not
• These
subunits
are
joined
together
by
removing
___________.
proteins
are
present?
18
11
Substance
Protein
3. Construct
a
triglyceride
from
the
directions
on
the
board.
Draw.
Bradford
Color
Present
(Red
or
Blue?)
(✓)
1. Protein
KNOWN
2.
3.
12
17
SHOWING
PROTEIN
FOLDING
LIPIDS
Alanine:
The
second
simplest
amino
acid
1. To
construct
alanine,
add
a
carbon
atom
to
the
remaining
6. What
are
the
two
tests
we
can
use
to
find
out
whether
or
not
bonding
site
on
the
central
atom.
2. Finish
the
amino
acid
by
filling
the
empty
carbon
bonding
sites
lipids
are
present?
with
three
hydrogens.
3. Draw
the
structure
of
alanine.
*******************EXTRA*******************
1. Lipids
called
______________
are
made
of
four,
fused
rings
of
carbon.
2. Name
3
steroids
found
in
organisms.
a.
The
Peptide
Bond
4. Model
the
peptide
bond
by
joining
the
glycine
and
alanine
b.
together
through
dehydration
synthesis.
Follow
the
directions
on
c.
the
board.
14
15
group!
• Amino
acids
are
linked
together
by
________________
• Substrates
attach
to
an
enzyme
at
its
______________
site.
synthesis
and
held
together
by
______________
bonds.