MINOR 2022

RECENT TRENDS IN miRNA BASED

TREATMENT OF NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
MENTOR : PROF. SHWETA DANG

Submitted By – Chitvan Choudhary (20101046), Divyansh Upadhyay (20101047), Aryan Raina (20101048)
 TABLE OF CONTENT
S.NO. TOPIC SLIDE NUMBER

1 INTRODUCTION 3

2 TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER 4

3 STATISTICAL DATA 5

4 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 6

5 DIAGNOSTICS METHODS 7

6 CURRENT TREATMENTS 8

7 MicroRNA 9

8 MECHANISM OF ACTION 10

9 CASE STUDY 11

10 CONCLUSION 13

11 REFERENCES 14
 BREAST CANCER
• Most prevalent malignant tumour in women.
• Leading cause of cancer related death in women all
over the world.
• A disease in which cells in the breast grow out of
control. There are different types of BC:
Most common types–
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Invasive lobular carcinoma
There are several other less common kinds of breast
cancer, such as inflammatory breast cancer.

H. Sung, J. Ferlay et.al. “Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.” CA Cancer J Clin, vol 71(3), pp 209-249, 2015.
 TRIPLE NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER
• Tests negative for three of the main things the hormones: Estrogen and
Progesterone (ER and PR) and a protein called HER2.

• Very aggressive - it’s more likely to have spread beyond your breast at the
time it’s found, and there’s a higher chance it will come back within the
first 3 years after treatment. It’s also more likely to be fatal within the first 5
years.

SYMPTOMS:
● A new lump or mass.
● Swelling in all or part of a breast.
● Dimpled skin.
● Breast or nipple pain.
● Nipple retraction, when your nipple turns inward.
K.F. Trivers, M.J. Lund et al. “The epidemiology of triple-negative breast cancer, including race.” Cancer Causes Control, vol 20, pp 1071, 2009.
 STATISTICAL DATA

5-year Relative survival Rates for

Triple Negative Breast Cancer
SEER Stage 5-year Relative Survival
Rate

Localized 91%

Regional 65%

Distant 12%

All stages Combined 77%

L.A Torre, F. Bray, R.L. Siegel et.al. “Global cancer statistics” CA Cancer J Clin, vol 65(2), pp 87-108, 2015.
 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

H. Sung, J. Ferlay et.al. “Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.” CA Cancer J Clin, vol 71(3), pp 209-249, 2015.
 DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
Diagnosing triple negative breast cancer

1. A mammogram (an x-ray of the breasts)

2. An ultrasound (you are more likely to have
this instead of a mammogram if you are
under 35)
3. A biopsy – your doctor or nurse take a
small sample of cells or tissue from your
breast to look at under a microscope.
4. If the cells do not have estrogen or
progesterone receptors (ER or PR), and
also do not make any or too much of the
HER2 protein, the cancer is considered to
be triple-negative breast cancer.

Burstein MD, Tsimelzon A, Poage GM, et al. “Comprehensive genomic analysis identifies novel subtypes and targets of triple-negative breast cancer.” Clin Cancer Res, vol 21, pp 1688, 2015.
 CURRENT TREATMENTS

H. Sung, J. Ferlay et.al. “Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.” CA Cancer J Clin, vol 71(3), pp 209-249, 2015
 MicroRNA (miRNAs)
• Short non-coding RNAs, influencing gene expression largely through mRNA
degradation or translational repression.

• They play a key role in various cancer-related cell processes and function as tumour
suppressors or oncogenes.

• Hence miRNAs could be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of

TNBC – which accounts for about 10-25% of all BC cases.

• Although multiple miRNA signatures have been identified that could be utilized for
TNBC diagnosis and survival prediction, clinical research has yet to test the unique
prognosis technique used by miRNA signatures. As a result, screening novel miRNA
biomarkers for TNBC overall.
J.L. Silva “Triple negative breast cancer: A thorough review of biomarkers.” Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, vol 1, pp 145, 2020.
 MECHANISM OF ACTION

H. Sung, J. Ferlay et.al. “Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.” CA Cancer J Clin, vol 71(3), pp 209-249, 2015
 CASE STUDY

● AIM : To study the prognostic role of

miRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer.

● Method: Use of STSTA 12.0 to analyze

the prognostic role of miRNAs in
triple-negative breast cancer using
eligible studies from various databases.

J.R. Jhan, E.R. Andrechek “Triple-negative breast cancer and the potential for targeted therapy.” Pharmacogenomics, vol 18(17), pp 1595–1609, 2017.
 CASE STUDY

● Results: With a HR of 1.78 (95 percent CI:

0.97–3.25).On the other hand, the subtotal HRs of
tumor suppressive and oncogenic miRNAs were 2.73
(95 percent CI:2.08–3.57;P 0.001) and 0.44 (95
percent CI:0.21–0.90;P = 0.024), and there was no
heterogeneity between the subgroups.

● Conclusion: When compared to the overall survival

of TNBC patients, the miRNAs had a slightly better
prognostic value for disease-free survival, relapse-free
survival, and distant metastasis-free survival.

J.R. Jhan, E.R. Andrechek “Triple-negative breast cancer and the potential for targeted therapy.” Pharmacogenomics, vol 18(17), pp 1595–1609, 2017.
 CONCLUSION
● Regulating these miRNAs may provide a new therapeutic strategy. Furthermore,
miRNAs may be useful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer.

● miRNAs have potential as anti-cancer agents, and may also be used in combination
with other therapies to enhance the efficacies of other drugs.

● Due to the complex biology of cancer, the molecular mechanisms involving miRNA
signatures warrant further investigation.
 REFERENCES
● [1] H. Sung, J. Ferlay et.al. “Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and
Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries.” CA Cancer J Clin, vol 71(3), pp 209-249, 2015.
● [2] K.F. Trivers, M.J. Lund et al. “The epidemiology of triple-negative breast cancer, including race.”
Cancer Causes Control, vol 20, pp 1071, 2009.
● [3] L.A Torre, F. Bray, R.L. Siegel et.al. “Global cancer statistics” CA Cancer J Clin, vol 65(2), pp 87-108,
2015.
● [4] Burstein MD, Tsimelzon A, Poage GM, et al. “Comprehensive genomic analysis identifies novel
subtypes and targets of triple-negative breast cancer.” Clin Cancer Res, vol 21, pp 1688, 2015.
● [5] J.L. Silva “Triple negative breast cancer: A thorough review of biomarkers.” Crit Rev Oncol Hematol,
vol 1, pp 145, 2020.
● [6] J.R. Jhan, E.R. Andrechek “Triple-negative breast cancer and the potential for targeted therapy.”
Pharmacogenomics, vol 18(17), pp 1595–1609, 2017.