TORSION

ENGR. DANIELLE RUTHIE I. GALIT

TORSION
 In many engineering applications, members are required to carry
torsional loads. In this chapter, we consider the torsion of circular
shafts.
 Torsion is our introduction to problems in which the stress is not
uniform, or assumed to be uniform, over the cross section of the
member.
TORSION OF CIRCULAR SHAFTS
 The deformation that results from the above assumptions is relatively simple:
Each cross section rotates as a rigid entity about the axis of the shaft.
COMPATIBILITY
 To analyze the deformation in the interior of the shaft, we consider the
portion of the shaft shown.
EQUILIBRIUM
 For the shaft to be in equilibrium, the resultant of the shear stress
acting on a cross section must be equal to the internal torque T acting
on that cross section.
TORSION FORMULA
POWER TRANSMISSION
The procedure for solving statically
indeterminate torsion problems
 Draw the required free-body diagrams and write the equations of
equilibrium.
 Derive the compatibility equations from the restrictions imposed on
the angles of twist.
 Use the torque-twist relationships to express the angles of twist in the
compatibility equations in terms of the torques.
 Solve the equations of equilibrium and compatibility for the torques
EXAMPLE 1
 Figure shows a 2-in.-diameter solid steel cylinder that is built into the support at C and
subjected to the torques TA and TB. (1) Determine the maximum shear stresses in segments
AB and BC of the cylinder; and (2) compute the angle of rotation of end A. Use G=12 X106
psi for steel.
EXAMPLE 2
 The shaft in consists of a 3-in.-diameter aluminum segment that is rigidly joined to a 2-
in.-diameter steel segment. The ends of the shaft are attached to rigid supports.
Calculate the maximum shear stress developed in each segment when the torque T = 10
kip - in. is applied. Use G = 4 X 106 psi for aluminum and G = 12 X 106 psi for steel.
EXAMPLE 3
 The four rigid gears, loaded as shown are attached to a 2-in.-diameter steel shaft. Compute
the angle of rotation of gear A relative to gear D. Use G = 12 X 106 psi for the shaft.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS
1. The steel shaft, 3 ft long and 4 in. in diameter, carries the end torque of 15
kip - ft. Determine (a) the maximum shear stress in the shaft; and (b) the angle
of twist of the shaft. Use G = 12 X 106 psi for steel
2. The steel shaft is formed by attaching a hollow shaft to a solid shaft.
Determine the maximum torque T that can be applied to the ends of the shaft
without exceeding a shear stress of 70 MPa or an angle of twist of 2.5º in the 3.5-
m length. Use G = 83 GPa for steel.
3. The solid compound shaft, made of three different materials, carries the two
torques shown. (a) Calculate the maximum shear stress in each material. (b) Find
the angle of rotation of the free end of the shaft. The shear moduli are 28 GPa
for aluminum, 83 GPa for steel, and 35 GPa for bronze.
4. Four pulleys are attached to the 50-mm-diameter aluminum shaft. If torques
are applied to the pulleys as shown in the figure, determine the angle of rotation
of pulley D relative to pulley A. Use G = 28 GPa for aluminum.