5 translation equivalence

Grammar is set rules determine the way in which units such as words and phrases can be combined in
language. Grammar is the skeleton of a text.
Collocation is the middle between the lexical and grammatical.

Grammar is the umbrella term which consist syntax and morphology.

Syntax concern with sentences, preces, and cloces.

Grammatical choices and lexical choices

Grammatical choices largely obligatory.

Lexical choices largely optional.

Five grammatical category

1. Number

Distinction between one and more than one. This distinction has to be expressed morphologically.

Lexical use re-duplication. In Indonesian distinction not translate lexical

2. Gender

Only exist in some semantic area.

Gender distinction in the pronoun system of English, Hebrew and Arabic.

3. Person

Distinction between first person, Second person and third person. Catford(1965) explains that Bahasa
has a nine-term pronoun system where English has only seven.

The familiar and polite dimension

The inclusive and exclusive dimension

Democratic address like you in english

4. Tense and aspect

Exist in English but not in Bahasa.

A crucial aspect of experience in English

5. Voices

Defines the relationship between a verb and its subject.