CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

RATIONALE
Social media, particularly Facebook, has become a prominent
part of daily life for many people, especially teenagers. Teens spend a
significant amount of time on Facebook, which may negatively impact
their academic performance and overall well-being. It is essential to
understand the extent of Facebook addiction and the impact it has on
academic performance among the youth to develop better interventions
to address the issue. By understanding the relationship between
Facebook addiction and academic performance, strategies can be
developed to help students focus more on their studies and less on
social media. Studies have shown that Facebook addiction can have
negative effects on academic performance among grade 9 students.

According to a study conducted in countries such as South Korea

have taken steps to address social media addiction among students. In
2020, South Korea implemented a law known as the 'Shutdown Law,'
which bans all students aged 15 and under from using their
smartphones for six hours during the school day. The law aims to address
the issue of addiction and improve students' academic performances.
Overall, it is essential to address the issue of Facebook addiction among
grade 9 students, as it can negatively impact their academic performance and
psychological wellbeing. Educators and parents should work together to
establish healthy social media habits and ensure that students do not spend
excessive time on Facebook. According to a research paper published in the
International Journal of Research in Education and Science, excessive use of
Facebook can lead to distractions, decreased attention span, and lack of
focus, which ultimately affect the students' cognitive abilities and academic
achievements. Furthermore, the addiction to Facebook can also lead to
psychological issues such as loneliness, anxiety, and depression. This, in
turn, can further impact the students' academic performance.

A study conducted by the Philippine Normal University in 2018 found

that excessive use of social media, including Facebook, is linked to lower
grades among students. The study revealed that students who spend more
time on social media have lower academic achievements and are more prone
to procrastination and distraction. In the Philippines, Facebook is one of the
most popular social media platforms among youth, and it is not uncommon for
grade 10 students to spend extended periods on the site. There is growing
concern among educators and parents about the effects of Facebook
addiction to academic performance in the country.
 To address the issue of Facebook addiction among grade 9 students,
several schools in the Philippines have implemented guidelines and policies
regarding the use of social media. Some schools have even banned the use
of mobile phones on campus to encourage students to focus on their studies.
Overall, there is a growing recognition of the negative effects of Facebook
addiction on academic performance among grade 9 students in the
Philippines. Educators and parents are working together to provide support
and guidance to help students establish healthy social media habits and
reduce their dependency on Facebook.

The study is specific to the Estefa O. Monte Memorial National High

School, which provides insight into the prevalence of Facebook
addiction and academic performance among students in that particular
school. The findings may be used to develop school-specific interventions and
programs that promote healthy social media use habits among students.
The research entitled "Facebook Addiction and Academic Performance of
Grade 9 Students in Estefa O. Monte Memorial National High School" is
essential to provide insights into the impact of Facebook addiction on
academic performance, develop interventions to address the issue, and
promote healthy social media habits among teenagers.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
This section presents the theoretical background of the study. This study is
supported by some established theories :
Cognitive Load Theory, Self-Determination Theory, Reward Deficiency
Syndrome Theory.
Cognitive Load Theory - This theory posits that individuals have a limited
amount of cognitive resources available for processing information. Excessive
use of social media, including Facebook, could potentially increase cognitive
load and decrease attention spans, making it difficult for students to focus on
schoolwork and negatively impacting academic performance.

2
 SELF-
DETERMINATION
THEORY
Edward L. Deci
COGNITIVE Richard Ryan
USES AND
LOAD 1980’s GRATIFICATION
THEORY
THEORY
Wilbur Schramm
John Sweller
1954
1980’s

FACEBOOK ADDICTION
AND
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

PROPOSED INTERVENTIONS

Fig.1 Theoretical – Conceptual Framework of the Study

Self-determination theory (SDT) – This is a macro theory of human

motivation and personality that concerns people’s innate growth tendencies
and innate psychological needs. It pertains to the motivation behind people’s
choices in the absence of external influences and distractions. SDT focuses
on the degree to which human behavior is self-motivated and self-determined.
This theory suggests that people have innate psychological needs for
autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Social media use could potentially
fulfill the need for relatedness by allowing individuals to connect with others
and feel a sense of belonging. However, excessive use or addiction to
Facebook may lead to neglect of other important areas of life, including
academic pursuits, which could ultimately impact academic performance.
 Usage and Gratification Theory - The theory suggests that individuals
actively seek out media content that satisfies specific needs or desires.
Therefore, Facebook addiction may arise as individuals seek social
connection and gratification through the platform. The theory also suggests
that the effect of media consumption on individuals can vary based on their
motivations for using it. Individuals who use Facebook primarily for social
connection may experience different effects on academic performance than
those who use it for information or entertainment purposes. Furthermore, the
theory emphasizes the agency of the user in determining the impact of media
consumption. Individuals may be able to balance their use of Facebook for
social connection with other activities that support academic success, or they
may experience negative consequences such as distraction and
procrastination.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study sought to determine the relationship between Facebook Addiction
and Academic Performance among Grade 9 students of Estefa O. Monte
Memorial National High School for S.Y. 2023-2024 as basis for intervention.

To answer the above cited problem, an answer to the following will be

sought :

1. What is the demographic profile of Grade 9 Students in terms of :

1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 GPA;

2. To what extent is level of Facebook Addiction of Grade 9 Students in terms

of:
2.1 Facebook Activities;
2.2 Facebook Features;
2.3 Facebook Usage;

3. Is there a significant relationship between the demographic profile of Grade

9 Students and their level of Facebook Addiction?

4. Based on findings, what proposed interventions can be formulated?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study would be very beneficial and essential to the following :

School Administrator.
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
The overall intention is to determine the relationship of Facebook
Addiction and the Academic Performance of Grade 9 Students in Estefa O.
Monte Memorial National High School for the School Year 2023-2024. This
study will be conducted in Estefa O. Monte Memorial National High School
located at Cabungahan, Danao City.
This study limits its scope on Grade 9 Students only. Using the Simple
Random Technique, the research respondents of the study will be 10 selected
officially enrolled students from Grade 9 Magenta and Grade 9 Crimson.
The main instrument will be used for this study in gathering the
necessary data is an adopted-made questionnaire employing 5-point-likert
scale. This study employs Quantitative Method utilizing the correlational
research design. This study is estimated to be finished in 2-3 weeks.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Addiction. Is generally a neuropsychological disorder defining pervasive and
intense urge to engage in maladaptive behaviors providing immediate sensory
rewards (e.g. consuming drugs, excessively gambling), despite their harmful
consequences.
Facebook. Is a website which allows users, who sign-up for free profiles, to
connect with friends, work colleagues or people they don’t know, online. It
allows users to share pictures, music, videos, and articles, as well as their
own thoughts and opinions with however many people they like.
Academic Performance. Is the extent to which a student, teacher or
institution has attained their short or long-term educational goals.
Macro. Is a rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input should be
mapped to a replacement output.
 CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY
Participants
The participants of the study are 10 randomly-selected Grade 9 students.
Data Gathering Tool
The main data gathering tool is the test survey questionnaire in a 5-
point-likert scale for measuring the level of Facebook Addiction of Grade 9
Students. It will be administered to the respondents after a unit is covered.

Data Gathering Method

The method used in this mini research is Survey and Questionnaires,
wherein the participants are asked to answer the Survey Questionnaires
prepared by the researchers.

Data Analysis Plan

The data analysis plan will employ the use of the mean of ungrouped
data and standard deviation of ungrouped data.
 CHAPTER 3
COMPUTATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA

Table 1 below presents scales in level of Facebook Addiction to

Facebook Activities of the participants in the Survey-Questionnaires.

Table 1
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 TOTAL MEAN
RESPONDENT
S

A 2 3 3 4 5 3 1 21 3
B 4 3 1 2 5 3 3 21 3
C 5 4 3 3 4 3 2 24 3.428571429
D 3 2 2 3 5 3 1 19 2.714285714
E 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 21 3
F 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 23 3.285714286
G 3 4 4 2 5 2 3 23 3.285714286
H 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 18 2.571428571
I 3 3 3 2 5 2 2 20 2.857142857
J 3 5 3 2 5 2 3 23 3.285714286
N=10 213
21.3
 Table 2
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 TOTAL MEAN
RESPONDENT
S

A 5 4 3 5 4 2 23 3.833333333
B 3 1 2 1 2 2 11 1.833333333
C 4 4 3 3 4 4 22 3.666666667
D 2 2 3 3 3 1 14 2.3333333333
E 3 3 3 4 4 4 21 3.5
F 4 3 4 2 2 1 16 2.666666667
G 5 4 3 2 4 3 21 3.5
H 3 2 3 3 5 2 18 3
I 5 3 3 3 3 2 19 3.166666667
J 5 3 2 2 2 3 17 2.833333333
 CHAPTER 4
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary of Findings
The following findings can be generated based on the results of the
study.
1. The mean score of the girls in the Summative Assessment in
Mathematics 10 is 14.4 with a standard deviation of 1.84.
2. The mean score of the boys in the Summative Assessment in
Mathematics 10 is 9.6 with a standard deviation of 2.01.
3. The group of girls perform better than boys based on the average
score and are more consistent than boys in their scores based on their
standard deviation.

Conclusion
Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the group of
girls in this experiment performed better than boys as evident in the
descriptive measures obtained from their raw scores.

Recommendations
The following recommendations are suggested:
1. Perform a comparative study between Facebook and other social
media sites.
2. Increase the number of participants.
3. Perform the study in another setting.