CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW (CJR)

SMOKING,DRUGS,AND ALCOHOL

Disusun oleh:

PUTRI H. TUMANGGOR 4223151030

Dosen pengampu : Aristo Hardinata S.pd, M.pd

JURUSAN BIOLOGI

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN IPA

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

2022

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 FOREWORD

Praise and gratitude I thank ALLAH SWT for His blessings and grace so that I am still given the
opportunity and health to be able to complete this critical journal review. This arrangement
aims to fulfill the assignments in the English course.

Journal Riview is still far from perfect because there are still many shortcomings. Therefore,
I humbly apologize and expect constructive criticism and suggestions for future improvement
and improvement.

Finally, I wish you a happy reading and hope that the material in the Riview Critical Journal
can be useful as it should be for the readers.

Medan, 7 November 2022

Penulis

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD .........................................................................................................................2

TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................................3

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationalization Of The Importance CJR.......................................................................4

1.2 CJR Writing Purpose.....................................................................................................4

1.3 Benefits Of CJR.............................................................................................................4

CHAPTER II SUMMARY OF ARTICLES/ RESEARCH RESULTS

2.1 Journal Article Summary..............................................................................................5

CHAPTER III RESEARCH ADVENTAGES/ WEAKNESS OF THE JOURNAL

3.1 Advantages Of The Journal.........................................................................................9

3.2 Weakness Of The Journal............................................................................................9

CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION

4.1 Conclusion...................................................................................................................10

4.2 Suggestion ..................................................................................................................10

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationalization Of The Importance CJR

Often we are confused about choosing reference journals for us to read and understand.
Sometimes we choose one journal, but it doesn't satisfy our hearts. For example in terms of
language analysis, writing or other. Therefore, the writer makes a critical review journal to make

it easy for readers to choose reference journals, and trains students to understand the contents ofthe
journal and think critically, with that students will have many insights.

1.2 CJR Writing Purpose

1. Review the contents of the journal.

2. Train yourself to think critically in finding information presented in thejournal.

3. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the journal.

1.3 Benefits Of CJR

1. To increase the knowledge of the readers.

2. Skills in reading and critical thinking are trained.

3. Can know the advantages and disadvantages.

4. Facilitate the reader in understanding the contents of the journal.

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 CHAPTER II
SUMMARY OF ARTICLES/ RESEARCH RESULTS

2.1 Journal Article Summary

A. Journal 1

Title Riska factor for tuberculosis: diabetes,smoking,alcohol

use,and the use of other drugs

Journal Name Journal Bras pneumol

Vol/No/Pg 44(2):145-152

Year of publish 2018

Author Denise Rossato Silva

Marcela Muñoz-Torrico

Raquel Duarte
Tatiana Galvão

Eduardo Henrique Bonini

Flávio Ferlin Arbex

Marcos Abdo Arbex

Valéria Maria Augusto

Marcelo Fouad Rabahi

Fernanda Carvalho de Queiroz Mello

ISSN 1806-3713

Reviewer Putri H. Tumanggor

Date of review 7 November 2022

Summary:

RISK FACTORS FOR TUBERCULOSIS

Diabetes mellitus

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Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at a higher risk of transitioning from latent to active
tuberculosis. A diagnosis of DM also increases the risk of progressing from the initial infection to active
tuberculosis.(1) Case-control studies have demonstrated that the odds ratio of developing tuberculosis
is 2.44 to 8.33 times higher in patients with DM than in those without.(2-5) A systematic review of 13
observational studies found that a diagnosis of DM triples the risk of developing tuberculosis (relative
risk = 3.11; 95% CI: 2.27-4.26).(6) Some studies have shown that patients with DM are more likely to
develop multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), although there is as yet no explanation for that
association.(7-9) In fact, other studies have shown no increased risk of MDR-TB in patients with DM.

Smoking

It is estimated that, worldwide, 1.3 billion people consume tobacco and that most of them live in
underdeveloped or developing countries, where the tuberculosis rates are also higher.(20) Therefore,
the greatest impact of smoking in terms of public health issues related to infection is probably the
increase in the risk of tuberculosis. Some systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies
have shown an unfavorable association between the global epidemics of tuberculosis and smoking,
exposure to tobacco smoke having been associated with tuberculosis infection, active tuberculosis, and
tuberculosis-related mortality.

Alcohol use
Although the consumption of alcohol is considered socially acceptable worldwide, it can lead to
dependence. Alcohol consumption problems vary widely. The harmful use of alcohol ranks among the
top five risk factors for disease, disability, and death, as well as being a causal factor in more than 200
disease and injury conditions, including tuberculosis, worldwide.(36) It has been estimated that
approximately 10% of all tuberculosis cases are attributable to alcohol use.

Illicit drug use

Cocaine can be administered by inhalation (smoking or snorting) or by intravenous injection. Currently,

the most widely used route of administration is inhalation, especially in the form of crack, or freebase,
cocaine smoking. The shift in preference from intravenous injection to inhalation in recent decades is
mainly due to the increase in HIV transmission via injection drug use, to the intense euphoric effect
(occurring within the first few minutes) of crack, and to the lower cost of the latter.

B. Journal 2:

Title Riskof malignant melanoma in relation to drug intake

alcohol, smoking,and hormonal factors

Journal Name British journal of cancer

Vol/No/Pg 73,1126-1131

Year of publish 1996

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Author J Westerdahl

H Olsson

A Masback

Ingvar

N Jonsson

Reviewer Putri H Tumanggor

Date of review 7 November 2022

Summary :

Most studies of risk factors for developing malignant melanoma have focused on sun exposure and
constitutional factors. The evidence relating cutaneous melanoma to sunlight is now very strong,
however, the association seems to be complex (Elwood, 1992). It is therefore possible that other factors
could act as co-carcinogenes with sunlight. In addition, other factors may by themselves initiate or
promote melanoma development.

Materials and methods

Detailed descriptions of identification of cases and controls,as well as data collection have been
reported in previous reports (Westerdahl et al., 1994a,b). In brief, the study identified 509 persons
(females, 53.4%),aged 15-75 years, in the South Swedish Health Care Region with a first
histopathological diagnosis of malignant melanoma between July 1 1988 and June 30 1990, according to
the population-based Regional Tumour Registry. The permission of the physician responsible for the
treatment of each patient was sought. In 22 cases the physician did not respond (owing to refusal), and
in an additional 33 cases the patient was considered ineligible by the treating physician (21 were
ineligible for psychological reasons, four had not beenfully informed about their diagnosis, four had
metastases,two were dead, one had moved and one did not want to participate). Thus, the case group
comprised 454 eligible persons.

Results
Re-examined material

In an analysis of different categories of drugs (antihyperten-sive drugs, drugs used for various heart
diseases, antimicro-bial drugs, tranquillisers, endocrine drugs and other drugs),only use of
antihypertensive agents showed an elevated OR for melanoma development (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.0- 1.9
for use of at least 1 month vs no use). When females and males were considered separately, use of
antihypertensive drugs and tranquillisers respectively, were associated with melanoma in males (OR =
1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.8 and OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.0- 5.7 respectively) whereas among females no elevated ORs

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were found. Adjusting for history of sunburns, hair colour and number of raised naevi had a negligible
effect on the risk estimates for antihypertensive drug use (adjusted OR= 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.9 for both
gender and adjusted OR =1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.9 for men). However, the elevated OR among men for use of
tranquillisers was essentially the same after adjustments for history of sunburns, but became non-
significant after host factors (hair colour and/or raised naevi)also were taken into account (adjusted OR
= 1.8, 95% CI 0.7-4.8).

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH ADVENTAGES/ WEAKNESS OF THE JOURNAL

3.1 Advantages Of The Journal

A. Journal 1

1) I think this journal is quite complete and clear, there is an ISSN.

2) The theoretical study presented is also complete according to the variablesvariables to be studied

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3) Overall the contents of the journal are short so they are not boring

B. Journal 2

1) I think this journal is quite complete and clear

2) This journal displays a table of research results and describes them

3) The journal contains many references

3.2 Weakness Of The Journal

A. Journal 1

1) The author does not present the results of the research tested in SPSS.the author should explain the
results of his research so that it is more efficient and the reader can also draw conclusions from the test
results

2) In my opinion, the components of the journal are incomplete. where is the topic about research
methods and research results do not exist

B. Journal 2

1. This journal does not have an ISSN

2. Many words are difficult or less difficult

CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSION

4.1 Conclusion
From the discussion of the weaknesses and strengths that have been described or described above,
each journal, namely the main journal, comparison journal 1, comparison journal 2 has its own
weaknesses and strengths both in terms of writing, grammar and also the depth of the material. So it
can be concluded that the two journals are good and can be used as references for readers, but still

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need improvement. So it can be concluded that the journal is worthy or has been used by readers as a
reference for other studies.

4.2 Suggestion

In the future or further, the weaknesses or shortcomings of each of these journals need to be improved
so that they are better utilized or used by readers as references in research or for other uses.

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