Name: Lữ Gia Trung

Student ID: 2152329

2.1:
To determine differential pressure of a gauge, we can use a reduced equation:
g
pa - pb = g Rm (A - B)
c
9.80665
= 1
x 200 x 10-3 x (13600 – 1600)
= 23535.96 (N/m2)

2.2:
When z increases 1000m, the temperature decreases 5℃, so we can conclude the
equation of temperature with:
dT −5 Z
To = 15℃ = 288K; dz = 1000
5Z
 T = 288 - 1000 (K)
Substituting T to E.q (2.7) and integrating 2 sides, we can have
pb Zb
dp gM dZ
∫ p =- R ∫ 288−0.005 Z
pa Za

Since Za = 0, so
pa gM 288
ln( p ) = 0.005 R ln( 288−0.005 Z )
b b
9.81 x 29 288
 ln2 = 0.005 x 8.314 ln( 288−0.005 Z ) => Zb = 5550 (m) or ∆ Z = 5550 (m)
b

2.3:
Average pressure: ⃗
pa = 0.75 atm
29 0.075
ρair = 0.02241 x 1 = 970.5 (g/m3) or 0.9705 (kg/m3)
With Eq (2.5), we have:
p b− pa g
= g (Za – Zb)
ρ c
101325
( 760−380 ) x 9.80665
 760 =
1
x ∆Z
0.9705
 ∆ Z = 5323 (m) => error: 4.1%

3.1:
 −3
DVρ 100∗10 ∗2∗0.9997∗1000
a) NRe = μ = −3 = 147123 > 4000
1.3059∗10
=> turbulent flow
pM 2∗101325∗28.96∗10−3
b) In this case, we need to find :  = RT =
8.314∗355.22
= 1.9872 (kg/m3)
Also, by using “interpolation”, we can find μ
T1 = 50℃, μ1 = 1.96 x 10-5 (kg/m.s)
T2 = 100℃, μ2 = 2.20 x 10-5 (kg/m.s)
 At 82.22℃, μ = 2.115 x 10-5 (kg/m.s)
DVρ 12∗0.0254∗50∗0.3048∗1.9872
NRe = μ
= −5 = 436467 > 4000
2.115∗10
 turbulent flow
DVρ 2∗0.0254∗5∗0.3048∗0.78∗1000
c) NRe = μ
= −3 = 3019 > 2100, but < 4000
20∗10
=> transitional flow
−3
DVρ 15∗10 ∗0.2∗900
d) NRe = μ
= = 2.7 < 2100
1
=> laminar flow

3.2:
Reynolds number based on Zx:
Z x u∞ ρ
NRe,Zx =
μ
μx u ρ
= 5.5( u ρ )1/2 ∞
∞ μ
x u∞ ρ 1/2
= 5.5( ) = 5.5NRe,x1/2
μ
Also, 105 < NRe,x < 3 x 106 => 1.74 x 103 < NRe,Zx < 9.5 x 103
For laminar flow in a pipe, NRe,x is less than 3 x 103.

3.3:
For carbon monoxide:
μ0 = 0.0163 cP, μ300 = 0.0285 cP, μ60 0 = 0.038 cP
For helium:
μ0 = 0.0171 cP, μ300 = 0.030 cP, μ600 = 0.040 cP
μ T n
Applying the equation: μ0 = ( 273
)
At 300℃ , nCO = 0.729, nHe = 0.780
At 600℃ , nCO = 0.728, nHe = 0.731
Homework:
1)

1 xD. P xw
ρm = ρD .P
+ ρw
1 10 % 90 %
 ρ = 1800 + 995.6
m

 ρm = 1042.174 (kg/m3)
p = pat + ρ gh
p− pat ( 1.8−1 ) x 101325
h= = = 7.936 (m)
ρg 1042.174 x 9.8
2)

From the following figure, we have two equations:

p + ρ 1gh1 = ρ 2g(h1 + h5) (1)
pa + ρ 4g(h3 + h4) = ρ 3g(h3 + h2) + ρ 2g(h5 - h2) (2)
Subtracting (1) to (2), we can conclude that:
p – pa + ρ 1gh1 + ρ 4g(h3 + h4) = - ρ 3g(h3 + h2) + ρ 2g(h1 + h2)
 p = pa - ρ 1gh1 + ρ 2g(h1 + h2) – ρ 3g(h2 + h3) – ρ 4g(h3 + h4)
3)

a) p = pa + ρ gh
 pe = ρ gh
995.6 x 9.8 x h
 0.5 = 101325
 h = 5.192 (m)

b) pa = p + ρ gh
 pvac = ρ gh
995.6 x 9.8 x h
 0.5 = 101325
 h = 5.192 (m)

1 xD. P xw
c) ρm = ρD .P
+ ρw
1 25 % 75 %
 ρ = 15 00 + 995.6
m

 ρm = 1086.979 (kg/m3)
 1086.979 x 9.8 x h
Also, 0.8 = 101325
+ 0.3
 h = 4.756 (m)

4)

Ship remains at rest => balanced forces

⃗F a + m ⃗g = 0⃗
 Fa = mg
 ρ sw.g.Vp.o.ship = ρ ship.g.Vship
ρsh ip
 Vp.o.ship = Vship x ρ
sw