Biochemistry for Medical Laboratory Science (CHEM113)

Antivola, J. N. BSMLS 2-Y1-7 | A.Y. 2023-2024 | Prelim

Laboratory
Biochemistry for Medical Laboratory Science

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Biochemistry for Medical Laboratory Science (CHEM113)
Antivola, J. N. BSMLS 2-Y1-7 | A.Y. 2023-2024 | Prelim
Week 1 (Laboratory)
I. Practices for Laboratory Safety
A. General Work Safety Procedure
★ Know emergency procedures.
★ Never work in the laboratory without the
supervision of a teacher.
★ Always perform the experiments or work
precisely as directed by the teacher.
★ Immediately report any spills, accidents, or
injuries to the teacher.
★ Never leave experiments while in progress.
★ Be careful when handling hot glasswares &
apparatuses in the laboratory. Hot glassware
looks just like cold glassware.
B. Apparel in the Laboratory
★ Always wear appropriate eye protection (i.e.
chemical splash goggles) in the laboratory.
★ Wear disposable gloves as provided in the
laboratory when handling hazardous materials.
Remove the gloves before exiting the lab.
★ Wear a full length, long sleeved laboratory coat
or chemical resistant apron.
★ Wear shoes that adequately cover the feet.
★ Secure long hair.
★ Remove Jewelry.
★ PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
○ Lab gown
○ Mask
○ Headcap
○ Gloves
○ Safety Goggles
C. Hygiene Practices
★ Keep hands away from mouth, face, body while
working with chemicals.
★ Food & drink is prohibited inside the laboratory.
★ Never use laboratory glassware for eating or
drinking.
★ Do not apply cosmetics.
★ Wash hands after removing gloves, and before
leaving the lab. Follow proper handwashing
techniques.
D. Emergency Procedures
★ Know the location of all the exits in the lab &
building.
★ Know the location of the emergency phone.
★ Know the location of and know how to operate
the following:
○ Fire Extinguishers
○ Alarm systems with pull stations
○ Fire blankets
○ Eyewash stations
○ First aid kits
○ Safety showers
E. Chemical Handling
★ Check the label.
★ Wear appropriate chemical resistant gloves.
★ Use a hot water bath to heat flammable liquids.
★ Add acid to water, not the other way around.
★ Never touch, taste, or smell any reagents.
CHEMICAL WASTE
● All containers used for chemical waste should
be labeled with “WASTE” or “HAZARDOUS
WASTE”
● Chemical name (as it appears on the MSDS)
● Accumulation start date
● Hazard(s) associated with the chemical waste.
F. Storage Don’ts
★ Do not place heavy materials, liquid chemicals,
and large containers on high shelves.
★ Do not store chemicals on top of cabinets.
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Biochemistry for Medical Laboratory Science (CHEM113)
Antivola, J. N. BSMLS 2-Y1-7 | A.Y. 2023-2024 | Prelim

★ Do not store chemicals on the floor, even

Harmful Irritant
temporarily.
★ Do not store items on bench tops and in
laboratory chemical hoods, except when in use.
★ Do not store chemicals on shelves above eye
level. Flammable Materials
★ Do not store chemicals with food and drink.
★ Do not store chemicals in personal staff
refrigerators.
★ Do not expose stored chemicals to direct heat
Harmful to Environment
or sunlight, or highly variable temperatures.

G. Proper Use of Chemical Storage Containers

★ Never use food containers for chemical storage.
★ Make sure all containers are properly closed.
★ After each use, carefully wipe down the outside Toxic Material
of the container with a paper towel before
returning it to the storage area. Properly
dispose of the paper towel after use.

H. Laboratory Sign & Symbols Oxidizing Material

General Warning

Corrosive Material
Biohazard Hazard

Electrical Hazard
High Voltage

Carcinogen Hazard
Explosive Material Hazard

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Biochemistry for Medical Laboratory Science (CHEM113)
Antivola, J. N. BSMLS 2-Y1-7 | A.Y. 2023-2024 | Prelim

Laser Beam Hazard IAEA (International

Atomic Energy Agency)
Radiation Hazard

UV Light Hazard
Non-flammable Gas

Glassware Hazard
Strong Magnetic field

Recycling Symbol
Hot Surface Hazard

Non ionizing Radiation

Low Temperature
Warning Symbol

I. RACE & PASS

Ionizing Radiation Hazard
RACE
R - Rescue
A - Alarm
C - Contain
Optical Radiation E - Extinguish

PASS
P - Pull
A - Aim
S - Squeeze
S - Sweep
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Biochemistry for Medical Laboratory Science (CHEM113)
Antivola, J. N. BSMLS 2-Y1-7 | A.Y. 2023-2024 | Prelim

J. Segregation of Bio-Medical Waste

General Waste
- Kitchen Waste, Paper & Tissues & Water
Bottles & Cans
- Waste Disposal: Incineration > Secured
Land Filling
Infected Plastics
- Syringes, Gloves & Plastic Waste
- Waste Disposal: Autoclaving > Secured
Land Filling
Infected Waste
- Soiled, Anatomical, Chemical Liquid,
Cytotoxic, Laboratory Waste, Expired &
Discarded Medicines
- Waste Disposal: Autoclaving, Deep
Burial
Glassware
- Antibiotic Vials, Metallic Implants,
Glassware Material Except Cytotoxic
- Waste Disposal: Autoclaving > RE- Cycler
Sharps
- Needles & Cut Glasses
- Waste Disposal: Autoclaving > Mutilate
> Sharp Pit

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Biochemistry for Medical Laboratory Science (CHEM113)
Antivola, J. N. BSMLS 2-Y1-7 | A.Y. 2023-2024 | Prelim

Lecture
Biochemistry for Medical Laboratory Science

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Biochemistry for Medical Laboratory Science (CHEM113)
Antivola, J. N. BSMLS 2-Y1-7 | A.Y. 2023-2024 | Prelim
Week 1 (Lecture)
I. Intro to Biochemistry
A. What is Biochemistry?
- Is sometimes called as “Biological Chemistry”
- May be defined as the investigation of
Molecular basis of life
- Is the study of Chemistry in living organisms. It
deals with biomolecules and biochemical
reactions viewed in the context of biological
structures.
B. Roots of Biochemistry
● Karl Scheele – Swedish founder of biochemistry.
Studied the chemical composition of matter in
mid 1700.
● Friedrich Wohler (1828) – prove the fallacy that
biochemicals can only be produced by living
organisms by producing urea by heating
ammonium cyanate.
● Schleiden & Schwann – formulated the cell
theory in 1840.
● Walter Flemming – discovered chromosomes in
1875.
● Carl Newberg – German scientist who coined
the word “biochemistry”
● Edward & Hans Buchner – found that extracts
from yeasts could bring about fermentation of
sugar into alcohol in 1897.
● Embden & Meyerhof – describe the glycolytic
pathway in 1925.
● Hans Kreb – Proposed the Kreb cycle of the TCA
in 1937.
● Avery, McLeod & McCarty (1944) – identified
DNA as information molecules
● James Watson & Francis Crick (1953) – propose
the double helical structure of DNA.
● Francis Crick (1958) – proposed the central
dogma of biology
● Paul Boyer & J. Walker – discovered the “rotary
engine” that generated ATP in 1997.
● Danish J. Skou – studied the “pump” that drives
sodium and potassium across membranes
● Stanley Prusiner – discovered the organism that
caused “mad cow disease”
● Ruska, et.al. – discovered the electron
microscope and provided a whole new level of
insight into cellular structure.
C. Biochemical Substance
➢ A chemical substance found within a living
organism
➢ Divided into 2 groups: Bioinorganic substances
and Bioorganic substances
○ Bioinorganic substances
■ Substances that do not contain
carbon
■ Includes water (about 70%) and
inorganic salts (about 5%)
■ The bioinorganic substance
water constitutes over
two-thirds of the mass of the
human body
■ Another 4% - 5% of body mass
comes from the inorganic salts
○ Bioorganic substances (Biomolecules)
■ Substances that contain carbon
■ include carbohydrates (about
2%), lipids (about 8%), proteins
(about 15%), and nucleic acids
(about 2%)
■ bioorganic molecules make up
only about one-fourth of body
mass