1) The document is a lab report submitted by Subhajit Sen that analyzes tunneling probability versus energy by plotting a graph.
2) If a particle's energy is less than the potential barrier height in the classical case, it would not have enough energy to climb the barrier and would be reflected instead of passing through.
3) The tunneling probability decreases exponentially as the width of the potential barrier increases.
1) The document is a lab report submitted by Subhajit Sen that analyzes tunneling probability versus energy by plotting a graph.
2) If a particle's energy is less than the potential barrier height in the classical case, it would not have enough energy to climb the barrier and would be reflected instead of passing through.
3) The tunneling probability decreases exponentially as the width of the potential barrier increases.
1) The document is a lab report submitted by Subhajit Sen that analyzes tunneling probability versus energy by plotting a graph.
2) If a particle's energy is less than the potential barrier height in the classical case, it would not have enough energy to climb the barrier and would be reflected instead of passing through.
3) The tunneling probability decreases exponentially as the width of the potential barrier increases.
NAME: SUBHAJIT SEN ENROLLMENT NO: MT22MVD015 DATE OF SUBMISSION: 20-04-2023 SOL: CODE: close all; clear all; m=(9.8*10^-31);%% mass of electron hc=6.63*10^-34;%%plank constant hh=hc*hc; %%calculate square of plank constant v=0.3;%%%height of potential barrier b= 5*10^-9; %%thickness of potential well e=0:0.1:4; k2 =sqrt(2*m*(v-e)/hh);% finding k2 k=k2*b; %% k is defined by k2.b sh=sinh(k).*sinh(k);% finding sinh^2(k2.b) v1=v*v;% finding the v0 square x=v-e; s1=v1./(4.*(e.*x)); s2=s1.*sh; x2=1+s2; t=1./x2; figure; plot(e,t,'linewidth',2);title('tunneling probability vs energy'); xlabel('energy'); ylabel('tunneling probability');
OUTPUT:
Q2) Explain what would happen if E< Vo in the classical case.
SOL: A particle would not have enough energy to climb to the top of the potential barrier in the classical case if its energy E is less than the potential energy Vo. Instead, the barrier would reflect the particle back. This is due to the fact that the particle is viewed in the classical model as a wave with a specific wavelength; if the wavelength is too large to properly fit within the potential, the wave will be reflected. The classical wave theory governs this phenomenon, which is referred to as total internal reflection. The wave function of the particle would be reflected back from any potential barriers, making it extremely unlikely to find the particle beyond them. It's critical to remember that this traditional theory only applies to macroscopic objects like balls and cars and not to microscopic elements like electrons. Quantum mechanics is necessary for accurate description of the behaviour of microscopic particles. Q3) Explain the impact on tunneling probability w.r.t the barrier width L. SOL: When a particle can pass through a potential barrier even though its energy is lower than the potential energy of the barrier, this phenomenon is known as tunnelling in quantum mechanics. The height of the barrier, the energy of the particle, and the width of the barrier are some of the variables that affect the likelihood of tunnelling. The likelihood of tunnelling falls off exponentially as the barrier's width rises. This is due to the fact that as the barrier gets wider, the particle's wave function propagates farther into it, increasing the likelihood that the particle will be reflected back. Mathematically, the tunneling probability is given by the transmission coefficient, which can be calculated using the wave function of the particle and the potential barrier. For a potential barrier of width L, the transmission coefficient is given by: T = 16(E/Vo)*(1-(E/Vo))*exp(-2L√(2m(Vo-E))/ħ) where E is the energy of the particle, Vo is the potential energy of the barrier, m is the mass of the particle, and ħ is the reduced Planck constant. As we can see from the equation, the transmission coefficient decreases exponentially with increasing barrier width L, which means that the probability of tunneling decreases as the barrier width increases. Therefore, a wider barrier would be more difficult for the particle to tunnel through than a narrower one, assuming all other factors remain constant. Q4) Explain the effect of an applied field on a material junction like the metal—insulator— metal junction with the resulting band diagram. SOL: Two metal electrodes in contact with an insulating layer make up the MIM junction. Due to the disparity in work functions between the metal and the insulator, the energy band diagram of the MIM junction exhibits a potential barrier at the metal-insulator interface at zero bias voltage. While the insulator has a bandgap between its valence and conduction bands, the metal electrodes have a flat energy band. The applied electric field changes the potential barrier when a bias voltage is applied to the junction. The probability that electrons will tunnel across the junction increases as the barrier height decreases and the barrier width widens. The applied electric field changes the potential barrier when a bias voltage is applied to the junction. The probability that electrons will tunnel across the junction increases as the barrier height decreases and the barrier width widens. The modified potential barrier is depicted in the figure at various bias voltages. A higher current flows through the junction as a result of the potential barrier becoming thinner and the probability of tunnelling increasing as the bias voltage rises. The band diagram also demonstrates that, while the energy levels of the insulator do not change with increasing bias voltage, the Fermi level of the metal electrodes shifts. Overall, the figure illustrates the effect of an applied electric field on the potential barrier and the resulting band diagram of an MIM tunneling junction. CONCLUSION: The analysis has been done with the energies and probabilities of tunnelling and the graph has also been plotted then the comparision of tunnelling has been overviewed with the classical physics. The three cases of energy differentiations has been studied along with the probability.