PPG Protective and Marine Coatings: Protective Coatings

Application

Access, Plant and Equipment

© Copyright 2016 Fitz-Coatings Ltd

 Erecting and Dismantling Platforms

Objective: To understand and demonstrate the use of lightweight platforms up to two metres in height.
The protective coatings applicator will use various forms of access performing their duties.
Some locations allow the protective coatings applicator to erect platform up to two metres providing training
is conducted.
Training must be conducted with a trainer/assessor who is accredited to conduct the training.
The training unit does not train a person to be qualified or competent in erecting or dismantling platforms-
This is conducted by third party personnel.
Note; Regulations can vary between country to country

Lightweight Platforms

Lightweight Platforms are commonly used by the protective

coatings applicator and other trades.

The operatives must be trained and assessed to erect these

platforms.

The supplier of the platform will supply instructions on how to erect

the platform correctly also the safety checks and safety check lists
to be conducted.

Qualified assessors must be used for lightweight platform training.

Risk assessments are essential for this task.

Tower Scaffolds

A tower scaffold is one way to prevent a fall when working at height.

The type of tower selected must be suitable for the work and
erected and dismantled by persons who have been trained and are
competent to do so.

People who use tower scaffolds should also be trained in the

potential dangers and precautions required during use.

Tower scaffold provision and use must be properly managed and

include rigorous scaffold inspection arrangements.

Key issues with tower scaffold are:

Erection and dismantling

Stability
Precautions and inspection
Using and moving

A scaffold must be able to support the employee's own weight and

at least four times the maximum intended load to be applied.

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 Erection and Dismantling
The supplier of the equipment has a duty to provide an instruction
manual explaining the erection sequence including bracing
requirements.

Towers should be erected following a safe method of work which is

generally:

Advanced guardrail system type.

Through the trap door (3T) type.

The advanced system uses temporary guard rails which are locked
in place from the level below and moved up to the platform level.
These are in place before the operator accesses the platform to fit
the permanent guardrail.

The 3T system involved the operator taking up a working position in

the trap door of the platform from where they can add or remove the
components which act as guard rails on the level above the
platform.

Erection and Dismantling

Before platform erection commences it is essential that the following
is established:

All operatives have been trained and certified in the use of

scaffold towers.
All operatives have the relevant PPE.
Risk assessments have been conducted for the works. Method
statements may also be required.
The equipment has been checked for damage and all
components are functioning correctly.
Ensure the ground on which the tower is to be erected is level
(flat), even and capable of supporting a tower.

Stability
The platform is on firm ground with the locked castors or base
plates properly supported.
Stabilisers or outrigger are installed when required by the
instruction manual.
That the tower is never erected to a height above that
recommended by the supplier.

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 Tower Movement
Always refer to the supplier's instruction manual for tower
movements, however in general:

The tower must only be moved by manual effort and only from
the base.
When moving the tower beware of overhead obstructions
including live electrical apparatus, overhead cables or moving
parts or machinery.
No personnel or materials are to be on the tower during
movement.
Caution must be exercised when wheeling a tower over rough
or uneven ground.

Precautions and Inspection

Tower scaffolds must comply with the standards required for all
types of scaffolds such as guardrails, toe-boards, bracing and
access ladder.

Towers rely on all parts being in place to ensure adequate strength.

They can collapse if sections are left out.

All towers must be inspected following assembly and then at

suitable regular intervals by a competent person.

Ongoing inspections maybe required every 7 days.*

Keep records of all inspections.

* Variations exist between different countries

Components
Although components will vary between the types of towers this is a
typical components list from a 3T type access tower.

Following training and certification the user will be familiar with the
component list and terms used.

Traditional Scaffolding

The training received is for lightweight scaffold only up to a specific

height.

The general operative is not qualified to erect, dismantle or modify

traditional scaffold.

Scaffold erection and movement should only be conducted by a

trained and qualified scaffolder.

Never access scaffolding if you suspect it has not been erected by

a trained and qualified person.

Check the tag system which should be displayed on the scaffold

before use.

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 Lightweight Tower Erection

This animation details the erection of a lightweight tower.

The manufacturers instructions should detail the requirements for

erection. Comprehensive training is still, however required.

Variations may exist between suppliers of the equipment so ensure

you are familiar with that particular type of equipment before
erecting.

Never take any risks with access equipment.

Summary
This training unit reviewed the erecting and dismantling of
temporary working platforms.

We reviewed the two main types of platforms and the third party
training required for all operatives.

We also discussed the inspection requirements and the suppliers

instructions and general erection procedure.

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 Safe Use of Ladders

Objective: To understand the safe use of ladders and to understand where and when ladders can be
used, inspected, tested etc.

The coatings operative will, almost certainly use ladders in their duties.
The type of work from ladders should be restricted.
Mobile platforms are a preferred method for access.
Ladders are recommended to gain access only and not to work from.

Types of Ladders

There are two types of ladder which are generally used:

1. Standing Ladders
These are single section ladders that are usually up to seven
metres in length. The stiles are rectangular and the rungs may be
rectangular or round. These ladders are available in wood or
aluminium.

2. Pole Ladders
Single section ladders with the stiles made from a single pole cut
lengthways or halves of different poles of the same species of
timber suitably matched.

Aluminium Ladders

Illustration of a typical aluminium ladder. The aluminium is much

lighter than wood which can get wet or damp and warp.

Aluminium ladders are popular due to the lightweight advantages,

however, there may be some restrictions on certain construction
sites. (the use of aluminium may not be allowed)

Always check the site regulations when using a aluminium ladder.

Alterations to Ladders

Never tamper with ladders:

Alterations to ladders should not be conducted.

Ladders should not to suite the requirements of the works.
Cutting ladders can weaken them rendering them unsafe.
Remove any cut ladders from site.

Ensure operatives understand the implications of conducting

alterations to ladders.

Ladder Angle

The ladder should be angled 1 in 4 when being used as illustrated

in this animation.
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 Do not use 1 in 3 angle for example to gain a bit more height.

A second person should 'foot' the ladder and make sure everything
is safe for use.

A temporary ladder may be used for certain tasks such as looking

at something, however you should not do any work tasks where you
do not have both hands on the ladder.

Always organise temporary platforms if any work or task has to be

conducted from a height.

Security of the Ladder

Ladders should always be secured in position to ensure that there

is no slipping.

The securing of a ladder to any scaffolding should be only

conducted by a qualified scaffolder.

Never attempt to use a ladder if it is unstable or not correctly tied-in.

These tie in areas should be periodically inspected for movement

or damage etc.

Platform Access

Using ladders on a scaffold: (to gain access from level to level)

When using a ladder to gain access from one level to another level
make sure the ladder is projected at least one metre (3 feet) above
the landing place.

The landing rung should be level with or slightly above the working
platform.

The user of the ladder should be able to safely move between the
different levels of scaffolding without having to worry about rung
position and handling etc.

Safe Access System

If you are using ladders to gain access to a scaffold check for

visual signs such as scafftag to ensure it is safe to use.

If in doubt do not use the ladder.

If there is any doubt about the safe access system check with your
supervisor or scaffold company.

The inspection tag should be clearly visible.

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 Inspection of Ladders

Ensure:

That the stiles are not damaged, buckled or warped. No runs

are cracked or missing and the safety feet are attached.

That you do not use make-shift or home-made ladders or carry

out make-shift repairs to a damaged ladder.

That you do not use painted ladders, as the paint may hide
faults.

That ladders made for DIY use, may not be strong enough for
site work and are best avoided.

That you do not attempt to repair defective or damaged ladders.

Transporting the Ladders

Rest the ladder against the shoulder and grasp the rung just below
the normal reach to raise the foot of the ladder clear off the ground.

Use the other hand to steady the ladder by grasping the stile
furthest from the shoulder.

If in doubt ask do not lift the ladder.

Ensure Risk Assessments etc are in place and personnel are

trained and fit enough to carry a ladder.

If possible, use mobile lifting equipment to move the ladders around

the site or location.

Access by Ladder

Never use a ladder that is to short for the task.

Never place a ladder on boxes or bricks to gain the extra height.

Never use a ladder to conduct tasks from which would mean not
being able to hold the ladder with both hands.

Be safe - be sensible.

Step Ladders

Illustration of a typical step ladder that is made from aluminium

which is lightweight and easy to carry.

Step ladders are popular with certain trades and are available up to
three metres (10 feet) in height.

Take the same precautions with step ladders as you do with normal
ladders.

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 Ladder Checklist
There are some basic checks for a ladder.

1. Check for damage, wear and tear before every use

2. Always ensure the ladder is at least one metre (three feet)
above the surface and the footing is secure
3. Always face the ladder when ascending or descending
4. Always have three points of contact at any one time
5. Do not carry items on a ladder as you could lose your balance
6. The ladder angle should be 4 in 1 (one foot out for every four
foot high)

See basic checklist for general items.

Summary
This training unit reviewed the use of ladders.
We reviewed the different types of ladders, safety checks, and how
to access a ladder.

We discussed why a ladder should only be used for access and

not to work from.

© Copyright 2016 Fitz-Coatings Ltd Page 8

 Mobile Access Platforms

Objective: To understand the use of access platforms (Mobile Elevating Work Platforms - MEWP).
The coatings operative will work on various sites including petrochemical, construction, industrial, offshore
etc.
Height work will generally consist of scaffolding or specialist access, however mobile platforms may be
used in certain environments.
Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWP) includes cherry pickers, scissor lifts etc.

Use of MEWP's - Coatings Industry

Mobile elevated working platforms as illustrated, are extremely
useful to various industries including the protective coatings
industry.

There is some considerable cost and time saving when work can
be conducted from a MEWP compared to a scaffolding for example.

The task does, however have some safety implications to the user.

We will look at these safety implications in this training unit.

MEWP Training

This is an Illustration of training on Mobile Elevating Working

Platforms (MEWP)

You must be trained in the safe operation of the machine as

required by law.

A certificate will be issued on successful completion of this training.

You must carry this certificate with you at all times.

This training unit is an overview on access platforms.

MEWPS
It is essential that the operatives receives full training before they
can be allowed to use a Mobile Elevated Working Platform. The
assistant (banksman) should also be fully trained and be present
at all times while the MEWP is in operation.

The assistant maybe required to bring the equipment to the ground

due to an emergency or mechanical failure.

An emergency plan should always be in place when using this

form of equipment.

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 MEWP - Management Training
Management should also be trained in the use of MEWP's.

The course should cover what managers need to know about using
MEWPs on site, from planning the job and completing a risk
assessment, to selecting the right equipment and mitigating all
possible risks.

The course for managers should also includes topics such as

health and safety regulations, accident prevention and control,
personal protection equipment, and pre-use checks and
maintenance.

The course should also cover planning, supervising and effectively

managing the use of powered access, and not about operating
equipment.

It generally ends with a written test that candidates must pass in

order to obtain a certificate.

The major accidents are caused by:

A nearby vehicle striking the MEWP, if part of the supporting

arm protrudes into a public roadway.
When the operator leans too far out of the basket and loses
balance especially when handling awkward pieces of material.
The failure of the leveling system of the MEWP.
The unexpected movement or overturning due to soft or uneven
ground.

MEPWS can also get trapped while being used, usually due to
operator error.

Mobile Access

The use of mobile access normally has financial advantages over

traditional scaffolds when applying coatings to high structures.

However, not all tasks can be conducted from a mobile unit, as

specific tasks may have environmental issues relating to local
containment.

It is possible to spray paint from this type of equipment, however,

overspray is a potential problem that must be addressed.

Along with general training on the use of platforms, independent

site-specific training and assessments may have to be conducted.

Tasks Performed with MEWPS

Various tasks can be conducted with the use of MEWPS

Activities, such as water washing/Jetting and spray painting, can

be safely conducted from mobile access platforms such as the
MEWP illustrated.

While using water the user will have to ensure that all electrical
items are protected.

Method statements and specific risk assessments are an essential

element before starting work.

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 The supplier or owner of the equipment should be made aware of
the tasks to be conducted from the MEWPS.

Types of Safety Equipment

The are a number of types of Mobile Elevating Working Platforms
used.

If the task to be conducted has a risk of a person being trapped,

then specialist protection or alarms should be fitted around the
'basket' or working platform location.

These safety items will stop the operator getting trapped between
some fixed structure and the mobile equipment.

Risk Assessment
When a Mobile Working Elevated Platform is being considered a
full Risk Assessment must be conducted.

The Risk Assessment will look at the exact task to be conducted

including the location, height, ground conditions, emergency plans,
use of assistants and specific safety devices necessary.

The operator must wear a safety harness at all times.

Having approved and qualified operators is just the first stage in the
process.

Working with a MEWP

Illustration of cherry pickers being used to abrasive blast clean the

side of a vessel.

A risk assessment and environmental impact assessment has to

be conducted when conducting such activities as this process will
not be allowed in many locations.

Generally the suppliers will only allow certain activities from the
mobile units due to the risks of dusts, paints etc causing damage to
the equipment.

Working from a MEWP

This is an Illustration of a coating operative applying a coating

system from a mobile platform.

The process can sometimes be a two man operation. One to

operate the MEWP and the other to conduct the task ie. spray
painting

Risk assessment are essential for this type of operation reviewing

the full process, PPE and RPE etc.

Protection of the MEWP may be necessary as paint droplets will

fall from the spray application process.

Note; If two people are working in the MEWP, the same PPE and
RPE must be used by both personnel.

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 Daily Checklist - MEWPTAG
A daily checklist should be completed by the MEWP operator.

This checklist can be attached to the working basket and contains:

Type conditions/pressures
Engine Checks
Hydraulic Checks
Boom visual checks
Platform checks
Other checks such as instruments, steering, brakes, lights etc

MEWP Access
This video demonstrates the advantages of a MEWP compared to
scaffolding access.

The trained operative can reach various heights allowing localised

painting to be conducted.

It is essential;

The operative is trained in the use of MEWPS

The operative is wearing a safety harness
The MEWP has a safety cage or safety cut-out installed in
case the MEWP gets trapped
There is also a trained MEWP operative on the ground who is
also trained in emergency rescue
That all the risks have been considered before the equipment
is used including wind, ground conditions and an emergency
plan.

Fork Truck Training

Operators of fork trucks must also be trained and assessed.

Safety awareness training will form an integral part of the fork truck
training.

Only trained and competent persons can conduct the training,

which may take a number of days.

Never use a fork truck without full training from a qualified instructor.

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 Fork Truck Training

Do not be deceived on how easy it is to use a fork truck or similar

equipment.

Never leave the keys in a fork truck as people may be tempted to

use it.

Always park the fork truck in a safe place when not in use.

In the event of smoke, strong smells or visual leaks stop

immediately and report the event.

Full training may take as long as 5 days.

Hydraulic Access Equipment (scissor lift)

The use of a scissor lift is often used by coating applicators and are
a very useful form of access.

Full training is required to operate the equipment.

As with the MEWP, a specific risk assessment should be

conducted with the scissor lift including the emergency plan for
rescue etc.

The ground level is important and the assessment should consider

the route the equipment will take and use.

Summary
This training unit reviewed the use of mobile access platforms or
Mobile Elevating Working Platforms (MEWPS)

We reviewed the requirement for both operator and management

training and the need to have emergency plans in place prior to the
start of the task.

We discussed the need for the safety system such as a safety

alarm or crash barrier to ensure the operator does not get trapped.

We also discussed the use of a daily checklist which is completed

by the trained operative.

© Copyright 2016 Fitz-Coatings Ltd Page 13