G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Sanitary Design Report

2023

SANITARY DESIGN REPORT

OWNER: MUKEMIL GEMALE

PROJECT: G+4 MIXED USE BUILDING

LOCATION: SILTE ZONE, WERABE CITY

ZEKEYCO ENGINEERING GROUP (HBG) 1

JULY, 2023
G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Sanitary Design Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

--Design guidelines ………………………………………………………………………….……………… 3

1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………......… 4
2. Internal sanitary installation design ……………………………………………………...…... 4
2.1 Internal water supply ……………………………………………………………………... 4
2.1.1 Water supply pipe size design ……………………………………….… 4
2.1.2 Roof water tank capacity design ……………………………………... 8
2.2 Waste water pipe design ………………………………………………………….……… 9
2.2.1 General ……………………………….……………………………………... 9
2.2.2 Determination of Waste Water Pipe Size and Gradient …... 9
3. Sanitary site work ………………………………………………………………………...…………. 11
3.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………… 11
3.2 Site water supply ……………………………………………………….……………… 11
3.3 Storm water design ……………………………………………………..…….……….. 11
3.3.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………….………. 11
3.3.2 Rational method ………………………………………………………….…. 11
3.4 Sewerage disposal and sewer line design ……………………………………. 12
3.4.1 General ………………………………………………………………………… 12
3.4.2 Determination of waste quantity …………………………………… 12
4. Septic tank design ……………………………………………………………………...… 14

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G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Sanitary Design Report

DESIGN GUIDELINES

DESIGN STANDARDS
The water supply and drainage services design of this project is based on Ethiopian building code
standard for plumbing services of buildings [EBCS-9] and ERA drainage manual.

MATERIAL SELECTION
The type of equipment and material proposed for the plumbing services shall take the following into
account.
• Fit for intended use
• Ease of maintenance
• Efficiency
• Cost

SANITARY SITE WORK

This part of the design report consists of

- Domestic water supply
- Waste water drainage
- Storm water drainage

SITE WATER SUPPLY

For the domestic water supply of the president office a water tank at the top of the building and a
ground reservoir along with a pump house is to be provided.

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 G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Sanitary Design Report

1. INTRODUCTION
This report is intended for the detail sanitary design of G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING. The
overall design is sub divided into internal sanitary design and sanitary site design. The former is the
detail design of water supply to all fixtures, waste water disposal from toilets and kitchen, and the
design of the roof water of the rain (i.e. design of gutter and down pipes). The latter is the design of
water supply system to the building, design of waste water lines (sewers) to the treatment area design
of waste water treatment facilities and the design and disposal of the storm water for the building
and areas around the building.

2. INTERNAL SANITARY INSTALLATION DESIGN

2.1) INTERNAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN

2.1.1) WATER SUPPLY PIPE SIZING DESIGN
All the appliances in the building are supplied from the roof water tank placed on the top slab of the
building.
Design flow determination is carried out by using the figure below (by fixture unit load method).
The detail procedure of this method is explained as follows: -
1) Determine loading units
2) Convert loading units to flow rate.
3) Make an assumption of the pipe size.
4) Work out frictional resistance per meter (m/m run)
5) Determine velocity of flow (m/s)
6) Measure length of pipe under consideration (m)
7) Consider frictional resistance in fittings (equivalent pipe length)
8) Determine effective length of the pipe work by adding (6) & (7) above.
9) Determine the head loss of the pipe work by multiplying (4) & (8) above.
10) Subtract (6) & (10) above from the available head to determine the residual head. If
the residual head is less than the head required for a particular outlet fitting, repeat
step 4.
NOTE: - If, for any pipe or series of pipes, it is found that the assumed pipe size gives a progressive
head that is in excess of the available head, or is noticeably low, it will be necessary to repeat the
sizing operation using a revised assumed pipe diameter.

Flow determination of buildings

EBCS-9 recommendation is adopted in the flow calculation.
Q = 0.25√∑Z
Z = Loading unit of each fixture

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G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Sanitary Design Report

Table: - 2.1.1.1 Design flow rate and loading units

Outlet fitting Design Minimum Loading
flow rate (l/s) flow rate(l/s) units
WC flushing cistern single or dual flush – 0.13 0.05 2
to fill in 2 minutes
WC trough cistern 0.15 per WC 0.10 2
Wash basin tap size ½ DN 15 0.15 per tap 0.10 1.5 to 3
0.05 per tap 0.03 –
0.20 per tap 0.10 1
Spray tap or spray mixer 0.30 0.20 10
Bidet 0.60 0.40 22
Bath tap, nominal size ¾ DN 20 0.20 hot or cold 0.10 3
0.20 0.10 3
Bath tap, nominal size 1 – DN 25 0.30 0.20 5
0.60 0.40 –
Shower head (will vary with type of head) 0.20 hot or cold 0.15
Sink tap, nominal size ½ DN 15 0.15 0.10 3
Sink tap, nominal size 3/4 DN 20 0.004 per position 0.002 –
served
Design flow rates and loading units/EBCS-9 (2013) table 4.8/

Table 2.1.1.2 Maximum recommended flow velocities

Flow velocity
Water temperature
°C Pipes readily accessible Pipes not readily accessible
m/s m/s
10 3.0 2.0
50 3.0 1.5
70 2.5 1.3
90 2.0 1.0

Maximum recommended flow velocities/EBCS-9 (2013) table 4.11/

Note: - Flow velocities should be limited to reduce system noise.

Accordingly, the flow of each sanitary fixture has been determined and the velocity of flow in a
pipe is set in the range of 1m/s to 3m/s.

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G+4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Sanitary Design Report

Figure 2.1.1 Determination of pipe diameter

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For riser: -
Riser 1 & 2, for water supply riser no I & II
Q = 0.25√∑Z
Z = Loading unit of each fixture
No of hand wash 8 with loading unit of 0.15
No of shower 6 with loading unit of 0.2
No of water closet 8 with loading unit of 0.13
∑Z=8*0.15+6*0.2+8*0.13 Q = 0.25√∑Z =0.25√3.44 = 0.46 l/s
After getting flow rate which is 0.46 we refer the EBCS 9 fig 4-10 for determine head loss and flow velocity
and again from that we can get the pipe diameter.
Head loss=0.03mm
Flow velocity=0.76m/s
Pipe size=32mm
Riser 3, for water supply riser no III
Q = 0.25√∑Z
Z = Loading unit of each fixture
No of hand wash 5 with loading unit of 0.15
No of shower 5 with loading unit of 0.2
No of water closet 5 with loading unit of 0.13
No of kitchen sink 1 with loading unit of 0.15
∑Z=5*0.15+5*0.2+5*0.13+1*0.15 Q = 0.25√∑Z =0.25√2.55 = 0.4 l/s
After getting flow rate which is 0.4 we refer the EBCS 9 fig 4-10 for determine head loss and flow velocity and
again from that we can get the pipe diameter.
Head loss=0.027mm
Flow velocity=0.73m/s
Pipe size=32mm
Riser 4, for water supply riser no IV
Q = 0.25√∑Z
Z = Loading unit of each fixture
No of hand wash 6 with loading unit of 0.15
No of shower 6 with loading unit of 0.2
No of water closet 6 with loading unit of 0.13
∑Z=6*0.15+6*0.2+6*0.13 Q = 0.25√∑Z =0.25√2.88 = 0.42 l/s
After getting flow rate which is 0.42 we refer the EBCS 9 fig 4-10 for determine head loss and flow velocity
and again from that we can get the pipe diameter.
Head loss=0.028mm
 G+4 Residential Building Sanitary Design Report

Flow velocity=0.74m/s
Pipe size=32mm
more information, refer the riser diagram
2.1.2 ROOF WATER TANK CAPACITY CALCULATION

Roof water tank size is calculated based on demand of the residence building. The detail calculation is
presented in the table below.
TABLE: -2.1.2.1 Residential water requirements
Type of building occupancy Consumption per head per day(q) in liters
a) Dwellings with house connections*
i) Low consumption 80-120
ii) Medium Consumption 120-200
iii) High consumption 200-300
b) Dwellings with yard connections* 40-60
c) Public fountain (standard pipes) 15-20
Water supply daily requirements/EBCS-9 (2013) table 4.4/

i. Low consumption is dwelling unit with only one wet corner, fitted with shower, Hand wash basin,
WC, traditional kitchen without kitchen sink, but with manual Laundry trough.
ii. Medium consumption is dwelling unit with two wet corners, fitted with shower, Bath tub, Hand wash
basin, WC, kitchen sink and laundry sink or machine.
iii. High consumption is dwelling unit with more than two wet corners, fitted with all mentioned in (ii)
above and sauna facilities and others.
The recommended water demand for the residential building is a multiple of number of users in the building
and the per capita demand of occupancy.
Thus V= P×q
Where: - V is daily required amount of water (in liters)
q = Water consumption per capita (recommended minimum storage of water for this specific
building is 120-200liters / ii) Medium consumption /.
P = user population = 44+36
V= P×q =(44 × 200) + (20*35) = 8800 + 700 =9500 liters.
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Therefore, provide two 10m fiber glass water tank on the roof slab of the stair case.

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2.2 WASTE WATER PIPE DESIGN

2.2.1 GENERAL
In the design of any sewer drainage system, the following performance criteria shall be considered.
➢ exclusion of foul air;
➢ limitation of noise;
➢ contaminant of leakage of discharge;
➢ prevention of risk of blockage;
➢ durability of materials;
➢ ease of replacement of materials; and
➢ Access for testing and maintenance.
2.2.2 DETERMINATION OF WASTE WATER PIPE SIZE AND GRADIENT

Pipe sizing has been made by fixture unit loading method; in this method numerical value (fixture units) is
assigned to appliances to express their load producing potential. By assuming partial flow conditions for
branch discharge pipes, the maximum number of fixture units permissible for a given pipe diameter can be
stated.

Therefore; the minimum grade of the drain pipe has been taken 2% along the flow direction. When the
pipe slope is selected the following criteria has been considered.
1. self-cleansing velocity shall not be less than o.6m/sec;
2. non-scouring velocity shall not be higher than 3m/sec;
3. Eliminate excessive excavation of earth;

TABLE 2.1.3.1.1 FIXTURE UNIT RATING

Fixture Size of Trap Outlet and Fixture Discharge Pipe Fixture Unit Rating
Shower DN40 2
Sink DN40 2
Water Closet Pan DN65 4
Floor traps DN32 1
Wash Basin DN40 2
/from EBCS-9 , (2013) tabe , 5.27/
The normal minimum grade of unvented and vented drains has been given below:

TABLE 2.1.3.1.2 MINIMUM GRADE OF DRAIN

Nominal size Minimum grade [%]
Dn50 2.5
Dn65 2.5
Dn80 1.65
Dn100 1.65
Dn150 1.00
Dn225 0.65
The size of any branch vent shall be in accordance with the table below:

TABLE 2.1.3.1.3 SIZE OF BRANCH VENT PIPES

Size of branch discharge pipe Size of branch vent
DN40 DN32
DN50 DN40

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G+4 Residential Building Sanitary Design Report

DN65 DN40
DN80 DN50
DN100 DN50
DN160 DN80
Branch vents/EBCS-9 article 5.3.6.5/

➢ A single vent pipe is used to ventilate the traps of several appliances in a toilet which are
connected in common, i.e. to a single waste stalk.
➢ The vent pipe has been installed in order to vent along the hill side of the wall and it shall be
installed 300mm above the highest level of their horizontal outlet roof and positioned with the
prevalence wind direction.
➢ Floor waste gullies has been installed with an accessible, removable grate and a riser not less than
Dn80 at floor surface level, except that, if the sole function of the floor waste gully is to dispose of
waste spillage and wash down water Dn50 outlet and riser may be used.

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 G+4 Residential Building Sanitary Design Report

3. SANITARY SITE WORK

3.1 Introduction
This part of the design report consists of
Domestic water supply
Waste water disposal system and
Storm water drainage system of the building.
The water supply design always looks for the availability of water at all times to all consumers in required
quantity and pressure. The total water requirement is calculated in the coming sub topics and the municipal
water supply line is taken as source of.
The domestic water supply to the buildings is taken from the municipal water supply line.
The roof water and the storm water around the buildings is collected by the ditches around the building and
directly connected to the road side storm water sewer line of the municipality.
This design is executed mainly as per Ethiopian Building Code Standard (EBCS9) /2013/, Era drainage manual
2002, and additional references are also used for the completeness of this report.

3.2 SITE WATER SUPPLY

The domestic water supply to the buildings is taken from the municipal water supply line using ø25mm HDPE
pipe to the two 5m3 roof water tank.

3.3 STORM WATER DESIGN

3.3.1 Introduction
The storm water from roofs of the building and the paved areas around the buildings is taken into
consideration, and the design is carried out to collect and dispose this water to the road side storm sewer line.

3.3.2 Rational method

The idea behind the rational method is that if a rainfall of intensity i begins instantaneously and continues
indefinitely, the rate of runoff will increase until the time of concentration tc, when all of the water shed is
contributing to flow at the outlet. As per EBCS9, the rational formula is expressed as follows:
Q= CiAe ;
3600where I - rain fall intensity in mm/hr. (meteorology data, 388 mm/hr.)
Ae- effective water shed area, m2
C- Runoff coefficient (u<C<1), (min)
The total flow rate from the roof of the building is calculated on the roof water design and taking the flow
rate from the road to be 10% of this total we can design size of road side ditch.

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 G+4 Residential Building Sanitary Design Report

Total flow rate,

3.4 SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND WASTE PIPE DESIGN

The sewage from commercial building is collected and directly connected the newly proposed septic tank.
No treatment of waste is done on the city since it is in city.

3.4.1 GENERAL

In the design of any drainage system, the performance criteria which shall be followed are: -
a) requirements for discharge rates from fixtures;
b) exclusion of foul air;
c) limitation of noise;
d) contaminant of leakage of discharge; prevention of risk of blockage;
e) durability of materials;
f) ease of replacement of materials; and
g) Access for testing and maintenance.

3.4.2 DETERMINATION OF WASTE QUANTITY, PIPE SIZE AND GRADIENT

Pipe sizing has been made by fixture unit loading method; but in this method numerical value (fixture
units) is assigned to appliances to express their load producing properties. By assuming partial flow
conditions for branch discharge pipes, the maximum number of fixture units permissible for a given pipe
diameter can be stated. Therefore; the minimum grade of the drain pipe has been taken 2% along the flow
direction. When the pipe slope is selected the following criteria has been considered.
1. Eliminate excessive excavation of earth;
2. self-cleansing velocity shall not be less than o.6m/sec;
3. non-scouring velocity shall not be higher than 3m/sec;

TABLE 3.4.2.1 FIXTURE UNIT RATING

Fixture Size of Trap Outlet and Fixture Fixture Unit Rating
Discharge Pipe
Sink DN40 2
Water Closet Pan DN65 4
Wash Basin DN32 1
Urinal trough DN65 4
/from EBCS-9 (2013), table 5.27/

TABLE 3.4.2.2 Minimum dimensions for inspection chambers and manholes

Types of access Depth to invert(m) Minimum internal dimension
Rectangular length and width(mm)

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Inspection chamber or <=0.60 400x400

manhole <=1.0 600x600
<=1.75 1000x750
<=2.5 1200x750
>2.5 1400x900
EBCS-9 (2013), /Table 6.2/
The quantity of waste water from each building is calculated using fixture unit rating. The above table shows
fixture unit rating of different appliances. Using this fixture unit rating the quantity of waste water from the
building is too small, thus we use the minimum recommended sewer pipe size 160mm to connect manholes
septic tank.

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 G+4 Residential Building Sanitary Design Report

4. SEPTIC TANK DESGN

The entire system must be designed so that sewage moves by gravity flow from the building, through the
septic tank, and to the subsurface absorption system. Therefore;
a) The septic tank inlet must be higher than the water level in the septic tank
b) The septic tank outlet must be lower than the inlet, usually 75mm lower
All of the elevations above must be checked both on a drawing and in the field prior to and during construction.
Calculation of the total capacity of septic tanks shall be made on the basis of the number of persons to be
served, water consumption and sludge production per capita hydraulic detention time.

As per EBCS-9 /2013/-article 6.8.2, the capacity of the septic tank (V, m3) implies that;

V =Sd * P* q3  + 1 *ac * P3  ……………………… (4.4.1)

 10   10 
Where; V = effective volume of tank, in m3
 sd = hydraulic detention time, in day (minimum 1 day)
 ac = No of day’s b/n de-sludging (minimum 365 days)
But in our case we will take 730 days (2 years) for safety factor
P = user population = 44+20
q= water consumption per capita per day, in liters
1 = sludge production per capita per day, in liters (0.15liters)
For our case: -
The building has a capacity of 220+36 people, taking the per capita water demand for the residence according
to AAWSA MANUAL building to be q = 200 l/c/d, the volume of the septic tank is calculated as: -
V = (2*(44*200)/103) + (0.15*2*365*44/103) + (2*(20*35)/103) + (0.15*2*365*20/103)
V = (17.6 + 4.818) + (1.4+2.19)
V =22.418 + 3.59 m3
V =26.008 m3

Therefore, construct a minimum of 27m3 underground septic tank.

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