B2.1 Photosynthesis Fill in the gaps to complete the sentences, Plants and are called__because they make their own food by the process of Animals are called as they have to eat other organisms to survive. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and are converted into oxygen and __ Using energy from the Sun. This light energy is absorbed by in chloroplasts. Plants and algae both produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis. a Complete the word equation for photosynthesis, carbon dioxide +__ —_____-» glucose + b Circle the products of photosynthesis. © Underline the reactants of photosynthesis, Some of the sugar made during photosynthesis is stored as starch in leaves, Leaves can be tested for the presence of starch, The statements below can be reordered to describe how to test a leaf for the presence of starch, Read the statements and write down the order of statements you think will give the best description, crecodeer TOI OOOO Put the boiling tube into the beaker of hot water and leave until most of the chlorophyll has been removed. Turn off the Bunsen burner. Spread the leaf on a white tile and add a few drops of iodine. Place a leafiin the beaker of boiling water and leave for two minutes. Boil a beaker of water using a Bunsen burner Remove the leaf from the ethanol and swill in water. Remove the leaf and place into a boiling tube containing ethanol b Describe a positive result for the presence of starch, Nauswne Explain how the following enter a plant to be used in photosynthesis a Carbon dioxide b Water © Light Explain why photosynthesis is important for all organisms in a food chain. For help with this question, look at 82 2.7 Food chains and webs.B2.2 Leaves A Fillin the gaps to complete the sentences. Photosynthesis in a plant mainly takes place in the , though a small amount occurs in the stems, The undereath of a leaf contains tiny holes called which allow to diffuse into the leaf and to diffuse out. Water is carried to the leaf in the Most photosynthesis occurs in the cells of the layer as most light reaches this layer. Therefore, these cells are full of. B Label the diagram of the cross-section through a leaf, Describe the function of the following parts of a leaf. a Vein b Waxy layer a eee. © Guard cells d Stomata D Explain the distribution of chloroplasts in a leaf and their role in photosynthesis. E explain why most leaves are thin and have a large surface area.B2.3 Plant minerals A. Filin the gaps to complete the sentences, ‘To stay healthy, plants need to absorb from the soll. For healthy growth, plants need four minerals to make chlorophyll, ____ for healthy leaves and flowers, for healthy growth and for healthy roots. Ifa plant does not get enough of a mineral itis said to have a______and will not grow properly. To prevent this occurring, farmers add chemicals called _____to the soll, B Draw a line to match each mineral to its use in the plant, and describe the plant's appearance if this mineral is deficient. Mineral Function Deficiency symptoms Nitvate Making chlorophyll —_ [Phosphate Healthy growth | [Potassium Healthy roots Magnesium [Healthy leaves and flowers . Deficiency in the mineral potassium can result in yellow leaves. a Name one other mineral deficiency that results in yellow leaves. b Explain how the deficiency results in yellow leaves. D Ascientist measured the height of a number of tomato plant seedlings after a month of growth. Each received the same amount of water and light but received different types of mineral supplement. Three mineral supplements were tested, labelled A 8, and C. One sample contained nitrogen, phosphorus, and magnesium; one sample contained nitrogen and magnesium; and one sample contained no useful minerals. Five seedings were placed in each supplement. ‘@ The height of seedlings grown using supplement A was measured. The results are shown below. 246cm —-32cm_—31Scm_ = em, Calculate the mean height of these seedlings, b Themean height of seedlings grown in supplement 8 was 20.4 cm, and in supplement C was 21.2.cm, Is there enough evidence to work out which plant received a’dummy'supplement, containing no useful minerals? Explain your answer.B2.4 Chemosynthesis A Fillin the gaps to complete the sentences. Some species of. make their own food by the process of __ They use the energy released by reactions to make __ One example of chemosynthetic bacteria is bacteria living at the bottom of the near volcanic vents, B Complete the following sentences about the process of chemosynthesis, The source of energy for chemosynthesis is. The product of chemosynthesis is Areactant often used in chemosynthesis is The reactant often used in chemosynthesis [s a gas. Bacteria that perform chemosynthesis are called chemosynthetic bacteria ia are found and Name two examples of where chemosyt fe chemical source they use for chemosynthesis. D Complete the following table to compare the processes of photosynthesis and chemosynthesis. In the first row, name the eneray source. For the remaining rows, use the terms yes, no, or sometimes. es Gee meen Energy source Water required? Carbon dioxide required? [Glucose produced? E Tubeworms and sulfur bacteria can both be found near deep sea vents. Explain why they form a mutualistic relationship.B2.5 Aerobic respiration A. Fillin the gaps to complete the sentences, Energy is released in your cells by During this process, and oxygen react inside your to release energy. The waste products carbon dioxide and are also produced, Glucose is produced when are broken down during digestion. Glucose is transported around your body inthe __inthe blood. Itthen into cells. Oxygen is also transported by the blood. t binds to the __in ted blood cell B Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration. glucose + > water+ 7 (+eneray) C. Respiration takes place inside your cells. a Name the companent of the cell in which respiration occurs. b Explain why muscle cells contain large numbers of this component. D imagine you have been asked to plan an investigation to measure the effect of exercise on breathing rates. List the following variables in your investigation: 1 independent variable fi dependent variable Iii control variable a b Explain what you think will happen, E Explain how the following reactants of aerobic respiration get into your cells include the key words below in your answer, a glucoseyA E cl Comey lich celi A Fill in the gaps to complete the sentences. When your body respires without oxygen itis called This produces ‘which can build up in your muscles and cause cramp. To break down the acid, you have to breathe in extra oxygen. This is called an Microorganisms such as yeast carty out a type of anaerobic respiration called In this reaction, carbon dioxide and are produced, B write down the word equation for anaerobic respiration in animal cells, C The table shows some statements about respiration. Tick one column in each row to show which statements are true for each type of respirat Glucose isa reactant ‘Oxygen isa reactant Carbon dioxide is produced Lactic acid is produced [Water is produced _ D a Give two reasons why animals normally carry out aerobic respiration, 1 2 Give one reason why animals respite anaerobically. E Yeast is an important microorganism in the food and drink industry. a Write down the name of the type of anaerobic respiration it performs. b Explain how yeast is used to make beer, Explain how yeast is used to make bread,