Multiple Intelligences

Multiple Intelligences
Howard Gardner in
Frames of minds (1983)
put forth a Multiple
Intelligences theory that
suggests that an array of
different kinds of
intelligences exist in
human beings.
 Three Fundamental
Propositions

1. Intelligence is not unitary.

2. Intelligence is not fixed.
3. Intelligence is not fully
measured by IQ tests.
What is an intelligence?

“ …ability to solve problems or

fashion products that are of
consequence in a particular
cultural setting or community.
(Gardner,1983)
 The Eight Functions
of Intelligences
• Survival • Communication
• Skills • Creativity
• Perceptiveness • Knowledge
• Problem Solving • wisdom
 The Eight Intelligences

• Verbal/Linguistic • Word Smart

• Logical/Mathematical • Logical/Math
Smart
• Visual/Spatial
• Art/Space Smart
• Musical /Rhythmic • Music Smart
• Bodily/Kinesthetic • Body Smart

• Naturalist • Nature Smart

• Interpersonal • People Smart
• Intrapersonal • Self Smart
The Eight Intelligences
Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence
The ability to use words
and language.

• highly developed auditory

skills.
• elegant speakers.
• think in words rather than William Shakespeare
(1564 – 1611)
pictures.
Verbal/Linguistic Intelligence
Skills:
Listening, speaking, writing, story
telling, explaining, teaching, using
humor, understanding the syntax and
meaning of words, remembering
information, convincing someone of their
point of view, analyzing language usage.
 Logical/Mathematical
Intelligence
The ability to use reason, logic
and numbers.
• think conceptually in logical
and numerical patterns.
• make connections between
Albert Einstein
pieces of information. (1879-1955)
• always curious about the world
around them.

• ask lots of questions.

• Like to do experiments.
Logical/Mathematical
Intelligence Skills:
Problem solving, classifying and
categorizing information, working with
abstract concepts to figure out the
relationship of each to the other, handling
long chains of reason to make local
progressions, doing controlled
experiments, questioning and wondering
about natural events, performing complex
mathematical calculations, working with
geometric shapes
Visual/Spatial Intelligence
The ability to perceive the
visual.
• tend to think in pictures.
• need to create vivid mental
images to retain information.
• enjoy looking at maps,
Michelangelo
charts, pictures, videos, and (1475-1564)

movies.
Visual/Spatial Intelligence
Skills:
Puzzle building, reading, writing,
understanding charts and graphs, a good
sense of direction, sketching, painting,
creating visual metaphors and analogies
(perhaps through the visual arts),
manipulating images, constructing,
fixing, designing practical objects,
interpreting visual images.
Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence
The ability to produce and appreciate music.
• think in sounds, rhythms
and patterns.
• immediately respond to
music either appreciating or
criticizing what they hear.
• extremely sensitive to Ustad Nusrat Fateh Ali
environmental sounds (e.g. Khan
(1948-1997)
crickets, bells, dripping taps.)
Musical/Rhythmic Intelligence
Skills:
Singing, whistling, playing musical
instruments, recognizing tonal patterns,
composing music, remembering melodies,
understanding the structure and rhythm
of music.
Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence
The ability to control body
movements and handle objects
skillfully.
• express themselves through
movement.
• have a good sense of balance Sir Edmund Hillary

and eye-hand co-ordination.

• able to remember and process information
through interacting with the space around
them.
Bodily/Kinesthetic Intelligence

Skills:
Dancing, physical co-ordination, sports,
hands on experimentation, using body
language, crafts, acting, miming, using
their hands to create or build, expressing
emotions through the body.
 Naturalist Intelligence

The ability to understand

environmental
interdependence and
appreciate plants, flowers,
trees and animals. Steve Irwin
(1962-2006)
• attracted to any type of natural stimuli,
including plants, animals, clouds,
minerals, rocks, land formations, or
chemicals.
 Naturalist Intelligence
Skills:
Analyzing similarities and differences,
caring for plants, gardens, pets, wild
animals, collecting plants, insects, rocks,
discovering patterns in nature, predicting
the weather, protecting the environment,
recognizing species, rocks, stars and
clouds, taming and training animals.
 Interpersonal Intelligence
The ability to relate and understand others.
• try to see things from other
people's point of view in order to
understand how they think and
feel.
• often have an uncanny ability
to sense feelings, intentions and Martin Luther
King Jr.
motivations.
(1929-1968)
• are great organizers and try to
maintain peace in group settings
and encourage co-operation.
• use both verbal (e.g. speaking) and
non-verbal language (e.g. eye
contact, body language) to
communicate.
Interpersonal Intelligence
Skills:
Seeing things from other perspectives
(dual-perspective), listening, using
empathy, understanding other people's
moods and feelings, counseling, co-
operating with groups, noticing people's
moods, motivations and intentions,
communicating both verbally and non-
verbally, building trust, peaceful conflict
resolution, establishing positive relations
with other people.
 Intrapersonal Intelligence
The ability to self-reflect and
be aware of one's inner state
of being.

• try to understand their

inner feelings, dreams,
relationships with others, Allama Iqbal

and strengths and (1877-1938)

weaknesses.
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Skills:
Recognizing their own strengths and
weaknesses, reflecting and analyzing
themselves, awareness of their inner
feelings, desires and dreams, evaluating
their thinking patterns, reasoning with
themselves, understanding their role in
relationship to others.