Applicable Analysis and Discrete Mathematics

available online at http://pefmath.etf.rs

Appl. Anal. Discrete Math. x (xxxx), xxx–xxx.

https://doi.org/10.2298/AADM200506021S

FAMILIES OF LOG LEGENDRE CHI FUNCTION

INTEGRALS

Anthony Sofo
In this paper we investigate the representation of integrals involving the prod-
uct of the Legendre Chi function, polylogarithm function and log function.
We will show that in many cases these integrals take an explicit form involv-
ing the Riemann zeta function, the Dirichlet Eta function, Dirichlet lambda
function and many other special functions. Some examples illustrating the
theorems will be detailed.

1. INTRODUCTION PRELIMINARIES AND NOTATION

In this paper we investigate the representations of integrals of the type
Z1
(1) xa χp (x) Liq (δxb ) lnm (x) dx,
0

in terms of special functions such as zeta functions, Dirichlet eta functions, polylog-
arithmic functions, beta functions and others. We note that χp (x) is the Legendre-
Chi function (LCF), Liq (δxb ) is the polylogarithmic function, a ∈ R, a ≥ −2,
b ∈ R+ , p ∈ N, q ∈ N, δ ∈ [−1, 1] \ {0} and m ∈ N for the set of complex num-
bers C, natural numbers N, the set of real numbers R and the set of positive real
numbers, R+ . The following notation and results will be useful in the subsequent
sections of this paper. A generalized binomial coefficient µλ (λ, µ ∈ C) is defined,

in terms of the familiar (Euler’s) gamma function, by

 
λ Γ (λ + 1)
:= (λ, µ ∈ C),
µ Γ (µ + 1) Γ (λ − µ + 1)
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification. 11M06, 33B15, 65B10.
Keywords and Phrases. Legendre Chi Function, Polylogarithm Function, Euler Sum, Dirichlet
Lambda Function, Dirichlet Beta Function.

1
2 Anthony Sofo

which, in the special case when µ = n (n ∈ N0 := N ∪ {0}), yields

    n
λ λ λ (λ − 1) · · · (λ − n + 1) (−1) (−λ)n
:= 1 and := = (n ∈ N),
0 n n! n!

where (λ)ν (λ, ν ∈ C) is the Pochhammer symbol defined, also in terms of the
Gamma function, by

1 (ν = 0; λ ∈ C \ {0})
Γ(λ + ν) 
(λ)ν := =
Γ(λ)
λ(λ + 1) · · · (λ + n − 1) (ν = n ∈ N; λ ∈ C),


it being understood conventionally that (0)0 := 1 and assumed tacitly that the Γ-
(p)
quotient exists. The generalized p−order harmonic numbers, Hn (α, β) are defined
as the partial sums of the modified Hurwitz zeta function
X 1
ζ (p, α, β) = p.
(αn + β)
n≥0

The classical Hurwitz zeta function

X 1
ζ (p, a) = p
(n + a)
n≥0

for Re (p) > 1 and by analytic continuation to other values of p 6= 1, where any
term of the form (n + a) = 0 is excluded. Therefore
n
X 1
Hn(p) (α, β) = p
j=1
(αj + β)

(p) (p)
and the ”ordinary” p−order harmonic numbers Hn = Hn (1, 0) . Many functions
can be expanded through the generalized p−order harmonic numbers, such as the
Dirichlet Beta cases
X n! X (n − 1)!
β (1) = 3

=
2n+1 12 n


n≥0
2n+1 2 n n≥1

and
X n! (1 + Hn (2, 1)) X (n − 1)!hn
β (2) = =
,
2n+1 23 n 2n+1 12 n


n≥0 n≥1

here β (2) is Catalan’s constant and hn = H2n − 21 Hn . Two special cases of the
Legendre-Chi function are
X (−1)n n!x2n+1
χ1 (x) = n+1 3

n≥0
(1 − x2 ) 2 n
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 3

and !
n
X n! (−1) x2n+1 Hn (2, 1)
χ2 (x) = 3

1+ n+1 .
n≥0 2 n (1 − x2 )
The Catalan constant
∞ n+1
X (−1)
G = β (2) = 2 ≈ 0.91597
n=1 (2n − 1)

is a special case of the Dirichlet beta function

∞ n+1
X (−1)
(2) β (z) = z , for Re (z) > 0
n=1
(2n − 1)
    
1 (z−1) 1 (z−1) 3
= 2z ψ −ψ ,
(−2) (z − 1)! 4 4

with functional equation

 z
2  πz 
β (1 − z) = sin Γ (z) β (z)
π 2
extending the Dirichlet Beta function to the left hand side of the complex plane
Re(z) ≤ 0. The Lerch transcendent,
∞
X zm
Φ (z, t, a) = t
m =0 (m + a)

is defined for |z| < 1 and Re (a) > 0 and satisfies the recurrence:

Φ (z, t, a) = z Φ (z, t, a + 1) + a−t .

It is known that the Lerch transcendent extends by analytic continuation to a

function Φ (z, t, a) which is defined for all complex t, z ∈ C − [1, ∞) and a > 0,
which can be represented, [15], by the integral formula
Z∞ Z1
xa−1 ln x1


1 xt−1 e−(t−1)x 1
Φ (z, t, a) = dx = dx
Γ (t) ex − z Γ (t) 1 − xz
0 0

for Re (t) > 0. The Lerch transcendent generalizes the Hurwitz zeta function at
z = 1,
∞
X 1
Φ (1, t, a) = ζ (t, a) = t
m =0 (m + a)
and the polylogarithm, or de-Jonquière’s function, when a = 1,
∞
X zm
Lit (z) := , t ∈ C when |z| < 1; Re (t) > 1 when |z| = 1.
m =1
mt
4 Anthony Sofo

The polylogarithm of negative integer order arises in the sums of the form
n−1
X 
X 1 n
j n z j = Li−n (z) = n+1 z n−i
(1 − z) i
j≥1 i =0
   
n Pi+1 j n+1 n
where the Eulerian number = j =0 (−1) (i − j + 1) . The
i j
Legendre-Chi function is a special case of the Lerch transcendent
∞
x2n+1
  X
1
χp (x) = 2−p x Φ x2 , p, = p
2 n =0
(2n + 1)

and is related to the polylogarithm by

1
χp (x) = (Lip (x) − Lip (−x)) = Lip (x) − 2−p Lip (x2 ).
2
There are many special values of the LCF, from Lewin [19]
Zx  
1 1+t dt
χ2 (x) = ln
2 1−t t
0

and    
1−x 3 1 1+x
χ2 (x) + χ2 (x) = ζ (2) + ln x ln ,
1+x 4 2 1−x
hence,
√  1 3
χ2 5−2 = ζ (2) − ln2 (φ)
4 4
1
√

where the golden ratio φ = 2 1+ 5 . The Dirichlet lambda function, λ (p) is

(3) 2λ (p) = 2χp (1) = ζ (p) + η (p)

where
∞ n+1
X (−1)
= 1 − 21−p ζ (p)


η (p) = p
n =1
n
is the alternating zeta function and η (1) = ln 2. In the case of the summation of
harmonic numbers, we know that the famous Euler identity states, for m ∈ N ≥ 2,
∞ m−2
X Hn 1 1 X
(4) EU (m) = = (m + 2)ζ (m + 1) − ζ (m − j) ζ (j + 1) ,
n =1
nm 2 2 j=1

for odd powers of the denominator, Georghiou and Philippou [14] established the
identity:
∞ 2m
X Hn 1X
2m+1
= (−1)r ζ(r) ζ(2m + 2 − r), m ≥ 1.
n=1
n 2 r=2
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 5

We know that for n ≥ 1, ψ(n + 1) − ψ(1) = Hn with ψ(1) = −γ, where γ is the
Euler Mascheroni constant and ψ(n) is the digamma function. For real values of
x, ψ(x) is the digamma (or psi) function defined by

d Γ0 (x)
ψ(x) := {log Γ(x)} = ,
dx Γ(x)

∞   ∞  
1 X 1 1 X 1 1
ψ(x) = −γ − + − = −γ + − ,
x n=1 n x+n n=1
n x+n−1

leading to the telescoping sum:

∞  
X 1 1 1
ψ(1 + x) − ψ(x) = − = .
n=1
x+n−1 x+n x

The polygamma function

∞
dk k+1
X 1
ψ (k) (z) = {ψ(z)} = (−1) k! k+1
dz k r=0 (r + z)

and has the recurrence

k
(−1) k!
ψ (k) (z + 1) = ψ (k) (z) + .
z k+1

The connection of the polygamma function with harmonic numbers is,

m
(−1)
(5) Hz(m+1) = ζ (m + 1) + ψ (m) (z + 1) , z 6= {−1, −2, −3, ...} .
m!
m Z1
(−1) (1 − tz ) m
= ln t dt
m! 1−t
0

and the multiplication formula is

p−1
1 X j
(6) ψ (k) (pz) = δp,0 ln p + ψ (k) (z + )
pk+1 j=0
p

(p)
for p a positive integer and δp,k is the Kronecker delta. Let a ∈ R+ and Hn denote
P∞ H (p)
harmonic numbers of order p, and put BW (a, p.q) = n =1 nan q . We have, from
6 Anthony Sofo

the work of [4] that for odd weight (p + q)

∞ (p)
X Hn
BW (1, p.q) =
n =1
nq

[ p2 ]  
X p p + q − 2j − 1
= (−1) ζ (p + q − 2j) ζ (2j)
p−1
j =1

1 p+1

+ 1 + (−1) ζ (p) ζ (q)
2
[ p2 ]  
p
X p + q − 2j − 1
(7) + (−1) ζ (p + q − 2j) ζ (2j)
q−1
j =1
    
ζ (p + q) p+1 p+q−1 p+1 p+q−1
+ 1 + (−1) + (−1) ,
2 p q

where [z] is the integer part of z. Let us denote

∞ n+1 (p)
X (−1) Han
S (a, p, q) := ,
n =1
nq

then in the case where p and q are both positive integers and p+q is an odd integer,
Flajolet and Salvy [12] gave the identity:

p
X  p+i−1  p
2S (1, p, q) = (1 − (−1) ) ζ (p) η (q) + 2 (−1) ζ (p + i) η (2k)
p−1
i+2k=q
X  q+j−1  j
(8) + η (p + q) − 2 (−1) η (q + j) η (2k) ,
q−1
j+2k=p

where η (0) = 21 , η (1) = ln 2, ζ (1) = 0, and ζ (0) = − 21 in accordance with the

analytic continuation of the Riemann zeta function. In particular
q
2 −1
X
(9) 2S (1, 1, q) = (1 + q) η (1 + q) − ζ (1 + q) − 2 η (2j) ζ (1 + q − 2j) .
j=1

It is interesting to note that recently [1], established that for p ∈ N\ {1}

p
1 1X
(10) S (1, p, 1) = pζ (p + 1) − η (j) η (p − j + 1) .
2 2 j=1
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 7

From [26] we have the identities

  ∞ H (p)
1 X n
2
BW , p.q =
2 n =1
nq
 
p   BW (1, r, p + q − r)
q
X p−1+q−r
= (−1) 2p−1  
p−r
r=1 −S (1, r, p + q − r)
p  
q+1
X 1 p−1+q−r
(11) + (−1) ζ (r) ζ (p + q − r)
2q−r p−r
r=2
q−1 k  
q+1
X (−1) p−1+q−k
+ (−1) ζ (k) ζ (p + q − k) ,
2q−k q−k
k=2

   
1 1
(12) S , p.q = BW , p.q − 21−q BW (1, p.q)
2 2
and
∞ H (p)    
X n− 1 1 1
(13) 2 2
= BW , p.q − S , p.q .
n =1
nq 2 2

The next lemma relates the sum of the double and unitary argument of harmonic
numbers in closed form and will be useful in the following section.
Lemma 1. Let m ∈ N ≥ 2, p ∈ N then
∞ (p)
H2n
X
HE (p, m) = m
n =1
(2n − 1)
 
m+1 p+m−2
= (−1) ln 2
p−1
1
+ (BW (1, p, m) + S (1, p, m))
2
p m  
X (−1) p+m−1−r
+ ζ (r)
2r p−r
r=2
m m−k  
X (−1) p+m−1−k
+ λ (k) .
2 p−1
k=2

For the unitary argument

∞ (p)
X Hn
m = 2p−1 (BW (1, p, m) + S (1, p, m)) − 2p−1 η (p) λ (m)
n =1
(2n + 1)
    
1 1 1
− BW , p, m + S , p, m
2 2 2
8 Anthony Sofo

where BW (p, m) is the Borwein identity (7), S (p, m) is evaluated from (8) and
λ (j) is defined by (3).

Proof.
∞ ∞ ∞
!
(p) (p) n+1 (p)
X H2n 1 X Hn X (−1) Hn
HE (p, m) = m = −
n =1
(2n − 1) 2 n =2 (n − 1)m n =2 (n − 1)
m

   
∞ 1 (p) ∞ n+1 1 (p)
1 X (n+1) p + H n X (−1) (n+1) p + H n
= + 
2 n =1 nm n =1
nm
∞
1 X 1
= (BW (p, m) + S (p, m)) + p m.
2 n =1
(2n) (2n − 1)

Expanding in partial fraction form gives us

∞ m+1  
1 X (−1) p+m−2
HE (p, m) = (BW (p, m) + S (p, m)) +
2 2n (2n − 1) p−1
n =1
∞ p m   X m m−k  !
X X (−1) p+m−1−r (−1) p+m−1−k
+
2r nr p−r (2n − 1)
k p−1
n =1 r=2 k=2
and the result follows. For the unitary argument the proof follows the same pattern
as above.

The following partial fraction decomposition holds.

Lemma 2. For y ∈ R, m, p ∈ N\ {0} we have
p+1  
1 (−1) m+p−1 1
p m+1 = m+p−1 m (2n − 1) (2n + y)
(2n − 1) (2n + y) (1 + y)
   
m+p−r k m+p−k
m+1 p (−1)
p
X m+1−r p
X m
+ (−1) m+p+1−r r + (−1) m+p+1−k k
.
r=2 (1 + y) (2n + y) k=2 (1 + y) (2n − 1)

Proof. Follows simply by expansion.

The following lemma will also be useful in the evaluation of integrals of the type
(1).
Lemma 3.
Let m ∈ N ≥ 2. then
∞
X Hn 
m+1

HM (m) = m = mλ (m + 1) + 2 (−1) − λ (m) ln 2
n =1
(2n − 1)
m m−2
X m+j 2 X
(14) + (−1) λ (j) − (m − k − 1) λ (k + 1) λ (m − k)
j=2
(m − 1)
k=1
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 9

where λ (m) is given by (3).

Proof. We have, from [24], theorem 1, for x a real number, x 6= −1, −2, −3, ··
∞
m
X Hn 1
(15) (−1) (m − 1)! m = (ψ(x) + γ) ψ (m−1) (x) − ψ (m) (x)
n =1
(n + x) 2
m−2
X  m−2 
+ ψ (m) (x)ψ (m−k−1) (x).
k
k=1

m
Choosing x = 21 , we have ψ( 12 ) + γ = −2 ln 2 and from (5), (−1) ψ (m) ( 12 ) =
−2m m!λ (m + 1), therefore substituting into the above equation (16) and simplify-
ing leads to
∞
X Hn
m = mλ (m + 1) − 2λ (m) ln 2
(2n + 1)
(16) n =1
m−2
2
P
− (m−1) (m − k − 1) λ (k + 1) λ (m − k) .
k=1

Identity (16) corrects a minor error in the paper [20], now reordering the counter
in (16) we obtain the identity (14).

Lemma 4. We define
!
X sin nπ X (−1)n+1


4 2 2 1
W (3) := n = 3 + 3 + 3
2 2 n3 22n (4n − 3) (4n − 2) (4n − 1)
n≥1  n≥1 
8 8 4
X 1  (8n−7)3 + (8n−6)3 + (8n−5)3 
=
24n
 
2 2 1
n≥1 − (8n−3) 3 −
(8n−2) 3 −
(8n−1) 3
      
1 1 1 1 1 1 3
= 2Φ − , 3, + 2Φ − , 3, + Φ − , 3, .
256 4 4 4 2 4 4

where Φ (·, ·, ·) is the Lerch transcendent.

Proof. Consider the polylogarithms

exp ± inπ nπ nπ




± i sin
  X X cos
1±i 4 4 4
Li3 = n = n ,
2
n≥1
2 2 n3 n≥1
2 2 n3

adding produces
X cos nπ
   

1+i 1−i 4
Li3 + Li3 = 2 n
2 2 2 2 n3
n≥1
35 1 3 5
= ζ (3) + ln 2 − ζ (2) ln 2,
32 24 16
10 Anthony Sofo

by a result from [16]. By the circular nature of the trigonometric function, the
BBP type sum for
!
X cos nπ X (−1)n+1


4 2 1 1
n
2 n3
=
22n 3 − 3 − 3
n≥1
2 n≥1 
(4n − 3) (4n − 1) (4n)
     
1 1 1 1 3 1
= 2Φ − , 3, − Φ − , 3, − Φ − , 3, 1
256 4 4 4 4 ! 4
X 1 8 1 1
= + 3 +
24n (8n − 7)3 (8n − 1) (8n)
3
n≥1 !
X 1 4 4 2
− + 3 + .
24n (8n − 5)3 (8n − 4) (8n − 3)
3
n≥1

By a similar argument we have

X sin nπ
   

1+i 1−i 4
Li3 − Li3 = 2i n
2 2 2 2 n3
n≥1

and the
X sin nπ
  

1+i 4
Im Li3 = n
2 2 2 n3
n≥1
!
X (−1)n+1 2 2 1
= 3 + 3 + 3
22n (4n − 3) (4n − 2) (4n − 1)
n≥1
 8 8 4

X 1  (8n−7)3
+ (8n−6)3
+ (8n−5)3
=

24n
 
2 2 1
n≥1 − (8n−3) 3 −
(8n−2)3
− (8n−1) 3
      
1 1 1 1 1 1 3
= 2Φ − , 3, + 2Φ − , 3, + Φ − , 3, .
256 4 4 4 2 4 4

Since the Legendre-Chi function can be expressed as the difference of two

polylogarithmic functions then we expect that integrals of the type (1) may be
represented as Euler sums and therefore in terms of special functions such as the
Riemann zeta function. A search of the current literature has not found many
examples for the representation of the integral (1) and certainly not a systematic
study of (1). Many papers, [11], [13], [27], [28] examined some polylogarithmic
integrals in terms of Euler sums. Some other important sources of information on
Legendre-Chi functions are the works of [2], [6], [8], [9], [10] and the excellent
books [19], [29] and [30]. Other useful references related to the representation of
Euler sums in terms of special functions include [1], [3], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25].
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 11

Some examples are highlighted, most of which are not amenable to a computer
mathematical package.

2. MAIN RESULTS

Theorem 1. Let a ∈ R ≥ −2, b ∈ R+ , δ = 1, (m, p, q) ∈ N ∪ {0} , the integral of

the product of the Legendre-Chi, polylogarithm and log functions,

Z1
xa χp (x) Liq xb lnm (x) dx


P (a, b, m, p, q) =
0
q−j−1 m (j+1)
m
X (−b) (−1) m! (q)m−j X H 2n+a
b
= p q+m−j
(m − j)!
j =0 n≥1 (2n − 1) (2n + a)
m q−j−1 m
X (−b) (−1) m! (q)m−j X ζ (j + 1)
− p q+m−j
j =1
(m − j)! (2n − 1) (2n + a)
n≥1
X q
q−r m
+ (−b) (−1) (q + 1 − r)m ζ (r)
r=2
X 1
× p q+m+1−r
n≥1
(2n − 1) (2n + a)

(m+1)
where H 2n+a are harmonic numbers of order (m + 1) , ζ (·) is the Riemann zeta
b
function, χp (x) is the Legendre-Chi function, Liq (·) is the polylogarithm function
and (q)j is the Pochhammer symbol.

Proof. From the Taylor series expansion of the LCF function and the polylogarithm
functions we have

Z1 X 1 Z
1
a b
X 1
x2n+bj+a−1 dx


x χp (x) Liq x dx = p
(2n − 1) jq
0 n≥1 j≥1 0
XX 1
= p .
(2n − 1) j q (2n + bj + a)
n≥1 j≥1
12 Anthony Sofo

By partial fraction expansion, from Lemma 2

(−b)q−r
 Pq 
Z1 r=2 j r (2n+a)q+1−r
X 1 X
xa χp (x) Liq xb


dx =

p
(2n − 1)
 
q−1
0 n≥1 j≥1 − j(2n+a)(−b)
q−1
(2n+bj+a)
q−1
X (−b) H 2n+a
b
= p q
(2n − 1) (2n + a)
n≥1
q X q−r
X (−b) ζ (r)
+ p q+1−r .
r=2 n≥1 (2n − 1) (2n + a)

Differentiating 0 m0 times under the integral sign, with respect to the real parameter
a, we obtain

q−1 m

m+q−1 X
 H 2n+a
b
P (a, b, m, p, q) = (−b) (−1) m! p q+m
q−1 (2n − 1) (2n + a)
n≥1
m   
X q−j−1 m+j m m+q−1−j
+ (−b) (−1) (m − j)!
j q−1
j =1

ψ (m) 2n+b+a


X
b
× p q+m+1−j
j
n≥1 b (2n − 1) (2n + a)
q  
X q−r m m+q−r X 1
+ (−b) (−1) m! ζ (r) q+m+1−r ,
q−r p
(2n − 1) (2n + a)
r=2 n≥1

simplifying by the use of the Polygamma identity (5) and applying the Pochhammer
symbol, we obtain
Z1
xa χp (x) Liq xb lnm (x) dx


P (a, b, m, p, q) =
0
q−j−1 m (m+1)
m
X (−b) (−1) m! (q)m−j X H 2n+a
b
= p q+m−j
(m − j)!
j =0 n≥1 (2n − 1) (2n + a)
m q−j−1 m
X (−b) (−1) m! (q)m−j X ζ (j + 1)
− p q+m−j
j =1
(m − j)! (2n − 1) (2n + a)
n≥1
q
X q−r m
X 1
+ (−b) (−1) (q + 1 − r)m ζ (r) p q+m+1−r
r=2 n≥1
(2n − 1) (2n + a)
and Theorem 1 follows.

There are some interesting special cases of Theorem 1 and we present these in the
next corollaries before listing some illustrative examples.
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 13

Corollary 1. Let the conditions of Theorem 1 hold then, for p = 0

Z1
xa χ0 (x) Liq xb lnm (x) dx


P (a, b, m, 0, q) =
0
(m+1)
 
m
(−1) m!  X H bn+a
= ζ (m + 1) ζ (q) − 2 ,
2m+1 nq
n≥1

x
where χ0 (x) = 1−x2 . .

Proof. Applying the same technique as in Theorem 1, we have

Z1
xa χ0 (x) Liq xb lnm (x) dx


P (a, b, m, 0, q) =
0
m m
XX (−1) m! X 1 X (−1) m!
= m+1 = m+1
j q (2n + bj + a) jq (2n + bj + a)
n≥1 j≥1 j≥1 n≥1
X 1  
m (m) bj + a
= (−1) q
ψ +1
j 2
j≥1
(m+1)
 
m
(−1) m!  X H bj+a
= ζ (m + 1) ζ (q) − 2 ,
2m+1 jq
j≥1

replacing the counter 0 j 0 for 0 n0 the proof is completed.

Corollary 2. Let the conditions of Theorem 1 hold then, for q = 0

Z1
xa χp (x) Li0 xb lnm (x) dx


P (a, b, m, p, 0) =
0

(m+1)
 
(−1)
m+1
m!  X H 2n+a
= b
p − ζ (m + 1) λ (p) ,
bm+1 (2n − 1)
n≥1

xb


where Li0 xb = 1−xb .
.

Proof. Following the same steps as in corollary 2, we have

X ψ (m) 2n+a + 1


1 b
P (a, b, m, p, 0) = p ,
bm+1 (2n − 1)
n≥1
14 Anthony Sofo

replacing the polygamma function with harmonic numbers

 (m+1) 
(−1)
m+1
m! X  H 2n+a − ζ (m + 1)
b
P (a, b, m, p, 0) = p

bm+1 (2n − 1)
n≥1

and proof is complete.

Some illustrative examples of Theorem 1 and its corollaries follow. To eval-

uate the resultant Euler sums for these examples we need a mixture of identities,
including (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), Lemma 1, Lemma 2,
Lemma 3 and Lemma 4.
Examples. 1. Let a = −1, b = 1, then
Z1
P (−1, 1, m, p, q) = x−1 χp (x) Liq (x) lnm (x) dx
0
m q+m−j−1 (m+1)
X (−1) m! (q)m−j X H2n−1
= m+p+q−j
j =0
(m − j)! (2n − 1)
n≥1
m q+m−j−1
X (−1) m! (q)m−j
− ζ (j + 1) λ (m + p + q − j)
j =1
2 (m − j)!
X q
m+q−r
+ (−1) (q + 1 − r)m ζ (r) λ (m + p + q + 1 − r) .
r=2
(m)
P H2n−1
The Euler sums n≥1 (2n−1)p can be evaluated from Lemma 1. If we let m = p =
q = 2,
Z1
P (−1, 1, 2, 2, 2) = x−1 χ2 (x) Li2 (x) ln2 (x) dx
0
67 889
= ζ (5) ζ (2) − ζ (7) .
8 64
2. For a = 0, b = 21 , m = p = q = 1
  Z1
1  1
P 0, , 1, 1, 1 = χ1 (x) Li1 x 2 ln (x) dx
2
0
X H4n X ζ (2) − H (2)
4n
= 2 + .
(2n) (2n − 1) n (2n − 1)
n≥1 n≥1

Here we require the Euler sums

X H4n 67 X H4n π 5 1
2
= ζ (3) − 2πG, = + ζ (2) − ln2 2
n 8 n (2n − 1) 2 4 2
n≥1 n≥1
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 15

(2)
X H4n 1 π 13 1 1
= 2ζ (3) + G − πG + − ζ (2) − ζ (2) ln 2 − ln 2,
n (2n − 1) 2 4 16 8 4
n≥1

which may be evaluated by the techniques described in [5], [7], [18], [26], [31], [32]
therefore
 
1 1 61 3π 9 1 1
P 0, , 1, 1, 1 = πG − 2G − ζ (3) − + ζ (2) + ζ (2) ln 2 + ln 2 + ln2 2.
2 2 32 4 4 2 4

3. For a = 0, b = 2, m = p = 1, q = 5

Z1
χ1 (x) Li5 x2


P (0, 2, 1, 1, 5) = ln (x) dx
0
(2)
5X Hn 1 X ζ (2) − Hn
= − +
4 n6 (2n − 1) 4 n5 (2n − 1)
n≥1 n≥1
5  
X 5−r 6−r X 1
− (−2) ζ (r) 7−r .
5−r (2n − 1) (2n)
r=2 n≥1

The Euler sums may be evaluated from Lemma 1, therefore

5 23 3
P (0, 2, 1, 1, 5) = ζ (7) − ζ (6) + ζ 2 (3) − ζ (2) ζ (5) − ζ (5) ln 2 − 12ζ (3) ln 2
2 12 4
1 21
+ 50ζ (3) + 4ζ (4) ln 2 − 4ζ (2) ζ (3) − ζ (4) ζ (3) + ζ (5)
2 2
2
+ 32ζ (2) ln 2 − 9ζ (4) + 8ζ (2) + 80 ln 2 − 12 ln 2.

4. For a = − 21 , b = 12 , m = p = q = 1

Z1  1
1
x− 2 χ1 (x) Li5 x 2 ln (x) dx
0
(2)
X ζ (2) − H4n−1 X H4n−1
=4 −4 2.
(2n − 1) (4n − 1) (2n − 1) (4n − 1)
n≥1 n≥1

Here we require various Euler sums and we just highlight the result

(2)
X H4n π 11 1 π3 7
= − ζ (2) + G − πG − − ln 2
(2n − 1) (4n − 1) 2 16 4 48 4
n≥1
7 1 1
+ ζ (2) ln 2 + G ln 2 + 2W (3) − π ln 2
16 2 16
16 Anthony Sofo

from which
Z1
1
 1 15 π3 15
x− 2 χ1 (x) Li5 x 2 ln (x) dx = ζ (2) − 8G + πG + − ζ (2) ln 2
4 32 4
0
21 1 3
+ 4 ln 2 + ζ (3) + π ln2 2 − ln2 2
4 8 2
1
+ π ln 2 − 4W (3) − 2π
2
where W (3) is defined in Lemma 4.
5. For a = 2, b = 2, m = 4, p = 0, q = 5
 
Z1 (5)
X Hn+1
3
x2 χ0 (x) Li5 x 2
ln4 (x) dx = ζ 2 (5) −



4 n5
0 n≥1

and evaluating the Euler sum gives

3 2 3 15 105 189
ζ (5) − ζ (10) + ζ (4) +
P (2, 2, 4, 0, 5) = ζ (2) − .
8 8 2 2 2
6. For a = −1, b = 2, m = p = 3, q = 0
 
Z1 H
(4)
3 X n− 2 1 1
x−1 χ3 (x) Li0 x2 ln3 (x) dx = − 


3 − 2 ζ (3) λ (4) ,

8 (2n − 1)
0 n≥1

and using Lemma 1

Z1
135 45 381
x−1 χ3 (x) Li0 x2 ln3 (x) dx =


ζ (4) ζ (3) − ζ (5) ζ (2) − ζ (7) .
32 32 128
0
1
7. For the degenerate case a = 2, b = 2, m ∈ N, δ = t for 1 ≤ t ≤ −1, p = q = 0,
then by expansion
Z1 Z1
x5

1 2
x2 χ0 (x) Li0 x lnm (x) dx = lnm (x) dx
t (x − 1) (x2 − t)
2
0 n Z1 0 n m
XX 1 2n+3 m
XX (−1) m!
= x ln (x) dx = m+1
tj 2m+1 tj (n + 2)
n≥1 j=1 0 n≥1 j=1
m+1
(−1) m! X 1 − t1n
= m+1
2m+1 (1 − t) (n + 2)
n≥1
m+1   
(−1) m! 1 1 1
= −1 − + ζ (m + 1) − Φ , m + 1, 3
2m+1 (1 − t) 2m+1 t t
m+1   
(−1) m! 1
= t − 1 + ζ (m + 1) − t2 Lim+1 .
2m+1 (1 − t) t
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 17

Next we investigate the case of the integral in question containing a polylog-

arithmic function with negative argument.
Theorem 2. Let a ∈ R ≥ −2, b ∈ R+ , δ = −1, (m, p, q) ∈ N ∪ {0} , then

Z1
xa χp (x) Liq −xb lnm (x) dx


Q (a, b, m, p, q) =
0
(j+1) (j+1)
m
X X 2H 2n+a − 2j+1 H 2n+a
q−1 m
= (−b) (−1) (m + 1 − j)j (q)m−j 2b
p
b
q+m−j
j j+1 (2n − 1) (2n + a)
j =0 n≥1 b 2
m
X q−1 m
X 1
+ (−b) (−1) (m + 1 − j)j (q)m−j η (j) p q+m−j
j =1 n≥1 (2n − 1) (2n + a)
q
X q−r m
X 1
− (−b) (−1) (q + 1 − r)m η (r) p q+m+1−r
r=2 n≥1
(2n − 1) (2n + a)

where η (·) is the alternating zeta function.

Proof. From the Taylor series expansion of the LCF function and the polylogarithm
functions we have

Z1 X (−1)j Z
1
a b
X 1
x2n+bj+a−1 dx


x χp (x) Liq −x d = p
(2n − 1) jq
0 n≥1 j≥1 0
j
XX (−1)
= p .
(2n − 1) j q (2n + bj + a)
n≥1 j≥1

By partial fraction expansion, from Lemma 2

 P 
Z1 q (−b)q−r
1
X X j r=2 j r (2n+a)q+1−r
xa χp (x) Liq −x b


dx = p (−1) (−b)q−1

(2n − 1) + q−1
0 n≥1 j≥1 j(2n+a) (2n+bj+a)

X (−1)q−1 Φ −1, 1, 2n+a+b − ln 2

q X q−r
b
X (−b) η (r)
= p q − p q+1−r
(2n − 1) (2n + a) r=2 n≥1 (2n − 1) (2n + a)
n≥1
X (−1)q−1 1 ψ 2n+a+b − 1 ψ 2n+a+b + 1 − ln 2




2 b 2 b 2
= p q
(2n − 1) (2n + a)
n≥1
q X q−r
X (−b) η (r)
− p q+1−r .
r=2 n≥1 (2n − 1) (2n + a)

Differentiating 0 m0 times under the integral sign, with respect to the real parameter
18 Anthony Sofo

a, we obtain

Q (a, b, m, p, q)
(j+1) (j+1)
m
X X 2H 2n+a − 2j+1 H 2n+a
q−1 m
= (−b) (−1) (m + 1 − j)j (q)m−j 2b
p
b
q+m−j
j j+1 (2n − 1) (2n + a)
j =0 n≥1 b 2
m
X q−1 m
X 1
+ (−b) (−1) (m + 1 − j)j (q)m−j η (j) p q+m−j
j =1 n≥1 (2n − 1) (2n + a)
q
X q−r m
X 1
− (−b) (−1) (q + 1 − r)m η (r) p q+m+1−r ,
r=2 n≥1
(2n − 1) (2n + a)

where Φ (·, ·, ·) is the Lerch transcendent and (q)m is the Pochhammer symbol, the
proof of the theorem is finished.

There are some interesting special cases of Theorem 2 and we present these
in the next corollaries before listing some illustrative examples.
Corollary 3. Let a = −1, b = 1, (m.p.q) ∈ N ∪ {0} , then

Z1
Q (−1, 1, m, p, q) = x−1 χp (x) Liq (−x) lnm (x) dx
0
(j+1) (j+1)
m
X q+m−1
X 2Hn− 1 − 2j+1 H2n−1
= (−1) (m + 1 − j)j (q)m−j 2
m+p+q−j
j =0 n≥1 2j+1 (2n − 1)
m
1 X m+q−1
+ (−1) (m + 1 − j)j (q)m−j η (j + 1) λ (m + p + q − j)
2 j =1
q
1X m+q−r
− (−1) (q + 1 − r)m η (r) λ (m + p + q + 1 − r)
2 r=2

(j+1)
H
P n− 1
where η (·) is the Dirichlet eta function and the Euler sums n≥1 (2n−1)2 m can be
evaluated by (13).
Corollary 4. Let the conditions of Theorem 2 hold and put p = 0, then

Z1
xa χ0 (x) Liq −xb lnm (x) dx


Q (a, b, m, 0, q) =
0
(m+1)
 
(−1) m!  X H bn+a
m
= 2
− ζ (m + 1) η (q) .
2m+1 nq
n≥1
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 19

Proof. The proof follows the same pattern as in Corollary 1.

Corollary 5. Let the conditions of Theorem 1 hold then, for q = 0

Z1
xa χp (x) Li0 −xb lnm (x) dx


Q (a, b, m, p, 0) =
0

(m+1) (m+1)
 
m+1
m
(−1) m!  X2 H 2n+a − 2H 2n+a
= m+1
b
p
2b
− 2m η (m + 1) λ (p) ,
(2b) (2n − 1)
n≥1

xb


where Li0 −xb = − 1+x b. .

Proof. The proof follows the same pattern as in Corollary 2.

Some illustrative examples of Theorem 2 and its corollaries follow. To eval-

uate the resultant Euler sums for these examples we need a mixture of identities,
including (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11), (12), (13), Lemma 1, Lemma 2,
Lemma 3 and Lemma 4.
Examples. 1. Let a = −1, b = 1, m = 1, p = 3, q = 2 then
Z1
Q (−1, 1, 1, 3, 2) = x−1 χ3 (x) Li2 (−x) ln (x) dx
0

(2) (2)
X Hn− 1 − H2n−1
2
1 X Hn− 21 − 2H2n−1
=2 6 + 5 + η (2) λ (5) .
(2n − 1) 2 (2n − 1)
n≥1 n≥1

The Euler sums can be evaluated by the results in Lemma 1, so that finally
Z1
381 13
x−1 χ3 (x) Li2 (−x) ln (x) dx = ζ (7) − ζ (5) ζ (2) .
128 8
0

2. Let a = 3, b = 1, m = p = q = 1 then
Z1
Q (3, 1, 1, 1, 1) = x3 χ1 (x) Li1 (−x) ln (x) dx
0
(2) (2)
X H2n+3 − Hn+ 3 X 4H2n+3 − 2Hn+ 3 − 4η (2)
2 2
= 2 2 +2
(2n − 1) (2n + 3) 4 (2n − 1) (2n + 3)
n≥1 n≥1

and evaluating the Euler sums gives

43 13 829 7
Q (3, 1, 1, 1, 1) = ζ (2) + ln 2 − − ζ (3) .
192 12 864 64
20 Anthony Sofo

3. Let a = 0, b = m = p = 1, q = 3 then

Z1
Q (0, 1, 1, 1, 3) = χ1 (x) Li3 (−x) ln (x) dx
0
(2) (2)
3 X H2n − Hn + 41 η (3) 1 X 2H2n − Hn − 38 η (2)
= +
16 n4 (2n − 1) 16 n3 (2n − 1)
n≥1 n≥1

and evaluating the Euler sums gives

5 7 1 7 1 1 2
Q (0, 1, 1, 1, 3) = ζ (5) − ζ (2) ζ (3) − ζ (3) ln 2 + ζ (3) − Li4 ( ) − ln 2
8 16 8 16 2 24
1 3 5 45 7
+ ζ (2) ln2 2 + ln2 2 − ζ (2) ln 2 − 4 ln 2 + ζ (4) + ζ (2) .
4 2 2 32 4
4. Let a = − 12 , b = 12 , m = p = q = 1, then

Z1  1
1
Q (0, 1, 1, 1, 3) = x− 2 χ1 (x) Li1 −x 2 ln (x) dx
0
(2) (2)
X H4n−1 − H2n− 1 X 2H2n− 1 − H4n−1 − 2η (2)
2 2
= 4 2 + .
(2n − 1) (4n − 1) (2n − 1) (4n − 1)
n≥1 n≥1

From the multiplication identity (6) we can write

X 2 ln 2 − 1
4n − H4n + H2n
Q (0, 1, 1, 1, 3) = 4 2
n≥1
(2n − 1) (4n − 1)
(2) 1 (2)
X 7H4n + (4n)2
− 2H2n − 4ζ (2) − 2η (2)
+ .
(2n − 1) (4n − 1)
n≥1

Evaluating the various Euler sums and highlighting

X H4n 1 1 π 3 7π 3 3
2 = W (3) − G + + ζ (2) − − ln 2
(4n − 1) 2 2 8 8 256 4
n≥1
1 1 21
+ G ln 2 − π ln2 2 + ζ (3) ,
4 64 32
we obtain
19 11π 3
Q (0, 1, 1, 1, 3) = 12W (3) − 4G − 2π + πG + 8G ln 2 + ζ (2) −
4 32
1 21 5 2 3 2 7
+ 4 ln 2 + π ln 2 − ζ (2) ln 2 − ln 2 − π ln 2 + ζ (3) .
2 4 2 8 4
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 21

5. Let a = 2, b = 1, m = q = 2, p = 1, then
Z1 X H2n+2 − Hn+1
Q (2, 1, 2, 1, 2) = x2 χ1 (x) Li2 (−x) ln2 (x) dx = 6 4
n≥1
(2n − 1) (2n + 2)
0
(2) (2) (3) (3)
X 2H2n+2 − Hn+1 − 3η (2) 1 X 4H2n+2 − Hn+1 − 4η (3)
+2 3 + 2 .
(2n − 1) (2n + 2) 2 (2n − 1) (2n + 2)
n≥1 n≥1

After a shift in index and some simplification, we require the evaluation of a number
of Euler sums including,
X H2n 1 8 1 5
= ζ (2) + ln 2 − ln2 2 − ,
n (2n − 3) 3 9 3 9
n≥1
(2)
X H2n 2 3 17 20 13
= ζ (3) − ζ (2) ln 2 − ζ (2) + ln 2 − ,
n (2n − 3) 3 4 36 27 54
n≥1
(3)
X H2n 19 29 1 67 56 35
= ζ (4) − ζ (3) − ζ (3) ln 2 − ζ (2) + ln 2 − .
n (2n − 3) 24 72 2 216 81 324
n≥1

To show the process required for the above three identities, we now give a detailed
description of another required Euler identity, namely
(17)
(3)
X Hn 2 7 8 49 448 16 8
= ζ (3) ln 2 − ζ (4) − ζ (3) − ζ (2) + ln 2 − + L (3) ,
n (2n − 3) 3 16 9 27 81 81 3
n≥1

where
X (−1)n+1 Hn 11 7 1 1 4
 
1
2
L (3) = 3
= ζ (4)− ζ (3) ln 2+ ζ (2) ln 2− ln 2−2Li4 .
n 4 4 2 12 2
n≥1

By the integral definition of harmonic numbers

(3) Z1
X Hn 1 ln2 x X (1 − xn )
= dx
n (2n − 3) 2 (1 − x) n (2n − 3)
n≥1 0 n≥1

Z1
1 ln2 x  3 √

= 2x + 2 ln 2 − 2 − ln (1 − x) − 2x 2 tanh−1 x dx
2 (1 − x)
0
Z1
2 1 2 1 ln2 x  3 √

(18) = ζ (3) ln 2 + ζ (4) − − x 2 tanh−1 x dx.
3 12 3 3 (1 − x)
0

Now we apply a Taylor series expansion to the integrand so that,

Z1 3 √ Z1 X
x 2 tanh−1 ( x) 2 2n−1 3
X 2hn
ln x dx = hn x 2 + 2 ln2 x dx = 3,
(1 − x) (n + 2)
0 n≥1 0 n≥1
22 Anthony Sofo

where hn = H2n − 12 Hn . By a change of index and using (4), (7) and (8) we have
Z1 3 √
x 2 tanh−1 ( x) 2 35 8 49 448 38
ln x dx = ζ (4) + ζ (3) + ζ (2) − ln 2 − − 8L (3)
(1 − x) 4 3 9 27 27
0

and substituting into (18) we obtain (17). Finally

Z1
Q (2, 1, 2, 1, 2) = x2 χ1 (x) Li2 (−x) ln2 (x) dx
0
307 23 40 7 89 1 2
= − ζ (2) − ln 2 − ζ (2) ln 2 + ζ (4) + ln 2
324 108 81 27 144 27
5 1 7 5 1
− ζ (3) + ζ (2) ζ (3) − ζ (3) ln 2 − ζ (5) − L (3) .
72 8 18 24 3
6. Let a = 2, b = 1, m = q = 3, p = 0, then
Z1
Q (2, 1, 3, 0, 3) = x2 χ0 (x) Li3 (−x) ln3 (x) dx
0
 
3 X (−1)n+1 H (4)
n
= ζ (4) η (3) − 2 
8 n3
n≥1
135 483 15
ζ (4) ζ (3) −
= ζ (7) − ζ (5) ζ (2)
32 128 16
21 9 15
+ ζ (4) + ζ (3) + ζ (2) − 3.
32 16 16
7. Let a = 0, b = 4, m = q = 1, p = 0, then
Z1
χ0 (x) Li1 −x4


Q (0, 4, 1, 0, 1) = ln (x) dx
0
 
1 X (−1)n+1 H (2)
2n 
= ζ (2) η (1) −
4 n2
n≥1
1 1 9
= πG − ζ (3) + ζ (2) ln 2.
8 2 32
8. Let a = −1, b = 1, q = 0, then for any even weight (m + p), we can explicitly
evaluate
Z1
Q (−1, 1, m, p, 0) = x−1 χp (x) Li0 (−x) lnm (x) dx
0
 
m+1 (m+1) (m+1)
(−1) m!  X 2
m H2n−1 − 2Hn− 1
= p
2
− 2m η (m + 1) λ (p) ,
2m+1 (2n − 1)
n≥1
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 23

when m = 2, p = 6 we have

Z1
x−1 χ6 (x) Li0 (−x) ln2 (x) dx
0
28105 3207 675 189
= ζ (9) − ζ (7) ζ (2) − ζ (5) ζ (4) − ζ (6) ζ (3) .
512 128 64 128

9. Let a = 0, b = 2, m = 1, p = 1, q = 0 then

Z1
χ1 (x) Li0 −x2


Q (0, 2, 1, 1, 0) = ln (x) dx
0
 6ζ(2) 16 ln 2 8Hn

(2n+1)2
+ (2n+1)3
+ (2n+1)3
1 X n+1 
= (−1)

4
   
2 (2)
n≥1 − (2n+1) 2 ζ (2) − Hn
3π 3 1 π 2
= − G ln 2 − ζ (2) + ln 2. + ln 2 − 2W (3) .
64 4 16

10. Consider the degenerate case a = 2, b = 2, δ = 21 , p = q = 0, then

Z1 Z1 
x5
  
1
x2 χ0 (x) Li0 − x2 lnm (x) dx = lnm (x) dx
2 x − x2 + 2
4
0 0
1
X Jn Z X
= − x2n+3 lnm (x) dx
2n
n≥1 0 n≥1

where
[ (n−1)
2 ]   [ n2 ] r  
X
r n−1−r X 2 n n−r
Jn = 2 =
r n−r r
r=1 r=1

1 n
are the Jacobsthal numbers, or in Binet form, Jn = 3 (2n − (−1) ) . Therefore

Z1  
1 m+1
X Jn
x2 χ0 (x) Li0 − x2 lnm (x) dx = (−1) m! m+1
2 2n+m+1 (n + 2)
0 n≥1
m+1 n
(−1) m! X (2n − (−1) )
= m+1 m+1
3·2 2n (n + 2)
n≥1
24 Anthony Sofo

 
m+1 X (−1)n+1
(−1) m!  X 1
= m+1 +

3 · 2m+1 (n + 2) 2n (n + 2)m+1
n≥1 n≥1
m+1   
(−1) m! 1 1 1
= ζ (m + 1) − 1 − + Φ − , m + 1, 3
3 · 2m+1 2m+1 2 2
m+1   
(−1) m! 1
= m+1
ζ (m + 1) − 3 − 4Lim+1 − .
3·2 2
11. Finally consider the instructive degenerate case a = − 23 , b = 2, m ∈ N, δ =
1
t for 1 ≤ t ≤ −1, p = q = 0, then by expansion

Z1   Z1 3
− 32 1 m x2
J (m, t) = x χ0 (x) Li0 − x2 ln (x) dx = lnm (x) dx
t (x2 − 1) (x2 + t)
0 0

n 1 n
j Z m+j
XX (−1) 1
XX (−1) m!2m+1
= x2n− 2 lnm (x) dx = m+1
tj tj (4n + 1)
n≥1 j=1 0 n≥1 j=1
m  n 
(−1) m! X 1 (−1)
= −1
(1 + t) 1 m+1 tn


n≥1 2n + 2
m     
(−1) m! 1 1 1 5
= m+1 22m+2 − ζ m + 1, − Φ − , m + 1, .
2 (1 + t) 4 t t 4
m+1
The Hurwitz zeta function ζ m + 1, 41 = (−1) ψ (m) 14 , so that in terms of



m!
Euler and Bernoulli numbers, see [17], we have.
For m = 2u, u ∈ N
22u−1
   
1 1 (2u) 1
(2u)!22u+1 λ (2u + 1) + π 2u+1 |E2u |


ζ 2u + 1, =− ψ =
4 (2u)! 4 (2u)!
where λ (·) is the dirichlet lamba function defined by (3) and E2u are the Euler
numbers defined by
X |E2u | π
sec (z) = z 2n ; |z| < .
(2n)! 2
n≥0

For m = 2u − 1, u ∈ N
24u−2 2u 2u
   
1 1 (2u−1) 1


ζ 2u + 1, = ψ = π 2 − 1 |B2u | + 2 (2u)!β (2u) ,
4 (2u − 1)! 4 (2u)!
where β (2u) is the Dirichlet beta function, defined by (2) and B2u are the Bernoulli
numbers defined by


X 22n 22n − 1 |B2u | π
tan (z) = z 2n−1 ; |z| < .
(2n)! 2
n≥0
 Familes of Legendre Chi Function Integrals 25

Finally
Z1  
3 1
J (2u, t) = x− 2 χ0 (x) Li0 − x2 ln2u (x) dx
t
0
(2u)!22u+1 λ (2u + 1)
   
 24u+2 − 22u−1   
(2u)!  (2u)!
2u+1

= 2u+1
 +π |E 2u | ,
2 (1 + t) 
 

− 1t Φ − 1t , 2u + 1, 45

and
Z1  
− 23 1 2
J (2u − 1, t) = x χ0 (x) Li0 − x ln2u−1 (x) dx
t
0

24u−2 2u 2u
  
(2u − 1)!
1 1 5
24u −


= − 2u π 2 − 1 |B2u | + 2 (2u)!β (2u) − Φ − , 2u, .
2 (1 + t) (2u)! t t 4

Z1  
− 32 1
J (5, 2) = x χ0 (x) Li0 − x2 ln5 (x) dx
2
0
 
5 1 5
= Φ − , 6, − 2560 + 1280β (6) + 1260ζ (6) ,
16 2 4
and
Z1  
1 2
− 23
J (4, 5) = x χ0 (x) Li0 − x ln4 (x) dx
5
0
 
5 1 1 5
= 128 − π 5 − Φ − , 5, − 62ζ (7) .
25 40 3 4

Concluding Remarks: We have carried out a systematic study of the product of the
Legendre Chi function, polylogarithm function and log function in terms of Euler
sums. We believe most of our results are new in the literature and given many
examples which most are not amenable to a mathematical computer package.

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Anthony Sofo (Received 06. 05. 2020.)

Victoria University, (Revised 12. 05. 2021.)
Melbourne, Australia
Email:anthony.sofo@vu.edu.au